scholarly journals Genetic toxicology

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Ludmila V Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Genetic Toxicology ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Generative Cells

The primary purposes of genetic toxicology are estimation of mutation appearance risk in both somatic and generative cells under different agents' action and decrease of negative consequences for a particular individual and whole population. In a course of the lectures on genetic toxicology the special attention is focused on problems of xenobiotic's metabolism in human organism and genetic control of biotransformation. The lecture course contains following topics: theories of a carcinogenesis, genetic markers of predisposition to development of cancer, problem of an-timutagens search. The principles of test-systems making and approaches to organization of environmental monitoring are surveyed.

Long-term survival of introduced genes in a natural population of Aedes Aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Insect Management

A population of Aedes aegypti (L.) near the Kenya coast was monitored for nearly a year after a genetic control experiment. Two genetic markers that were carried by released males but unknown to the region persisted in the population during the entire period of observation. The endurance of introduced genetic material in a natural population is an important step toward the use of genetic control in insect management.

scholarly journals THE GENETIC CONTROL OF γ-GLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS

1967 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Litwin ◽  
Henry G. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Myeloma Proteins ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Specific Order ◽  
Gene Complexes ◽  
Genetic Events

The genetic control of γG1-heavy chains was investigated by taking advantage of two recently described genetic antigens, Gm(z) and Gm(y), both produced by heteroimmunization of rabbits with myeloma proteins. These were studied in conjunction with known genetic markers, Gm(a) and Gm(f). The results indicated that among Caucasians there are two major allelic genes, Gmza and Gmfy, coding for distinct varieties of γG1-heavy chains. Each of these contains a pair of genetic antigens which are located on different fragments of the chain and can be separated by enzymatic splitting with papain. The different areas of the heavy chains appear to be under the control of the same gene. In Mongoloid populations a grouping of three genetic antigens, Gm(f), (y), and (a), was found on isolated myeloma proteins and normal γ-globulins indicating the presence of a Gmfya gene. The possible genetic events leading to the contrasting Caucasian and Mongoloid genes are discussed. In the γ-globulin system the occurrence of multiple genetic antigens in different positions of the same heavy chains is the general rule. A better understanding of the relationships between the genes for the γG1-subgroup to those for the γG2- and γG3-subgroup has been obtained through the use of the multiple genetic markers. Strong evidence was obtained for intergenic crossover mechanisms to explain racial differences in the relationships of these genes as well as certain unusual gene complexes found through family studies. Further evidence was obtained for mapping the closely linked genes for the three subgroups in a specific order.

scholarly journals Genetic status of patients with colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kulikov ◽  
Sergey Mertsalov ◽  
Vladimir Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Work Done

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common tumors. In the structure of cancer mortality in Russia, tumors of this localization occupy the second place among persons of both sexes, giving way to the cancer of the trachea and bronchi in men, and breast cancer in women, respectively. Despite modern diagnostic methods and approaches to treatment, the problem of colorectal cancer remains acute due to increasing morbidity throughout the world, and recently there has been a downward trend in the average age of patients, which increases the social significance of the problem.  According to the modern concept of carcinogenesis, assessment of the influence of genetic factors on the development of tumors of this localization looks very promising. Research aimed at finding a connection between genetic markers, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes and their contribution to the problem of colorectal cancer is one of the most studied directions in modern oncology. In this review, the work done related to the role of gene polymorphisms in the development and therapy of colorectal cancer was evaluated. The works were searched for in the databases of PubMed and Cyber Leninka. The known data about some genes participating in different processes of human organism are given. The data on sensitization and protective effects of polymorphisms of genes, the effect of polymorphisms on the result of treatment of colorectal cancer are presented. The necessity of further work in this direction in order to search for genetic markers and the possibility of implementing the definition of gene polymorphism in clinical practice for personalization of treatment of patients with colorectal cancer are discussed.  

scholarly journals PHENOMICS. ETIOLOGY OF HUMAN ORGANISM FUNCTIONAL STATES UNDER THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Marasanov ◽  
E. A. Valtseva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The article based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific works regarding the theory of adaptation offers the detailed description of the development of functional responses of the human organism under the impact of environmental factors. Three types of responses are considered: nonspecific reaction of human organism, specific response of the human organism and response of the human organism to specificity of a factor. The article is focused on form for the rationale for specific response of the human organism. It is due to the fact that in scientific literature in the capacity of such response it is often assumed the response of the human organism to specificity of an operating environmental factor. Development of responses is shown on the basis of a phenome - phenotypical model of the human organism. The model is described by norms of the response of the main systems of human organism and the scheme of an orientation of interaction of these systems among themselves. On its basis the logic of a pathogenesis of noninfectious diseases is considered. The development of both nonspecific, and specific responses of the human organism including responses to the specificity of a factor is show to occur according to the universal stereotypic scheme presented in the article. The purpose and the result of this work is the development of the common theory of adaptation of human organism to the impact of environmental factors. Knowledge of mechanisms of the development of changes of the functional condition of systems of the human organism in response to the risk factor opens a way to the creation of the mathematical model of the process of the prediction of functional violations promoting the development of noninfectious diseases and other adverse deviations from the state of health. Monitoring of the functional condition of human organism and knowledge of relationships of cause and effect of the functional changes will allow doctors, trainers and teachers to avoid the negative consequences in their practical activities

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF USING REMOTE METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4/2020) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
A. E. Cherepovitsyn ◽  
◽  
D. M. Metkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) is characterized by the fragility of the ecosystem, the slightest violation of which can lead to catastrophic negative consequences on a global scale. Due to the availability of production facilities of various scales and environmental safety classes within the territorial and aquatic Arctic, the risk of negative impact on the environment is very significant. In order to prevent possible environmental damage within the AZRF, it is advisable to carry out activities related to the implementation of continuous monitoring of the environment aimed at detecting sources that pose a potential threat to the ecosystem. Taking into account the harsh Arctic climate, the lack of the possibility of year-round land access to industrial facilities located in the Russian Arctic, the scale and peculiarities of the implementation of Arctic offshore projects for the extraction and processing of hydrocarbons, the length and congestion of the used logistic artery - the Northern Sea Route, the choice of means, which are used for monitoring the ecological situation is justified by their mobility and efficiency. In particular, such means include technologies that allow remote monitoring of the environmental situation of industrial facilities. The article outlines the role of remote methods of environmental monitoring and control in the system of environmental protection measures of the Russian Arctic, presents methods for assessing the impact of industrial facilities of the oil and gas complex (OGC) on the environment of the Russian Arctic, presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of using remote methods of environmental monitoring of industrial facilities for the production and processing of hydrocarbons (HC) in the AZRF. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the ecological and economic feasibility of using the methods of remote monitoring of the ecological situation in the Arctic.

Possibility for Incineration of Spent Graphite Sleeves From Plutonium-Production Reactors of the SGCE (Tomsk-7)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Bushuev ◽  
Ekaterina Petrova ◽  
Tatiana Aleeva ◽  
Victor Zubarev ◽  
Andrey Nikolaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Plutonium Production ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
Available Technology

For the lengthy process of different reactor types operation, huge amounts of spent graphite were accumulated in several countries. Spent reactor-grade graphite constitutes the largest fraction of the solid radioactive wastes accumulated all over the world. So, search for ways of spent graphite utilization is an urgent problem of international character. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate radioactive contamination of spent graphite sleeves from decommissioned reactors I-1, EI-2, ADE-3 of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises and to consider a possibility for spent graphite sleeves utilization by incineration. Planning of actions on spent graphite management requires to take into account the reactor type, properties of spent graphite, peculiarities of spent graphite usage and storing. Beginning from 1996, authors have conducted the detailed studies on radioactive contamination of spent graphite from the SGCE reactors. In these studies, contents of some radionuclides in spent reactor-grade graphite were measured, including content of isotopes generated by neutron-induced activation of impurities (60Co, 3H, 14C, etc.) and the isotopes generated in result of uranium penetration into the graphite reactor components (137Cs, 90Sr, 241,243Am, 244Cm, Pu isotopes, etc.). It was revealed the largest contribution to the graphite radioactivity was given by 14C. Using data on inhalation and ingestion rate for different age groups, the evaluations were carried out for 14C intake into human organism with air and food. Analysis of the results obtained in the performed investigation enabled us to make the following conclusions: 1. the most part of the SGCE storage vaults where spent graphite sleeves are disposed of do not meet contemporary requirements; 2. the radioactive contamination level of spent graphite sleeves from the SGCE reactors allows their utilization by incineration at the SGCE territory; 14C exhaust into the atmosphere will not cause any significant risk of negative consequences for human health of cities Seversk and Tomsk population; 3. spent sleeves incineration and subsequent storing of incineration products can not lead to appearance of nuclear dangerous situation; 4. there is an available technology and associated equipment for conduction of experiment on spent graphite incineration. Thus, it can be concluded that nowadays there are all the conditions for planning, preparation and conduction of fullscale experiment on incineration of some spent graphite sleeves taken from the SGCE storage vaults. The results obtained in the test graphite incineration will allow to evaluate and, if necessary, improve the utilization technology and the applied equipment.

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