Pathogenesis of adenomyosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Ekaterina K. Orekhova
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Junctional Zone ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transitional Part

Adenomyosis is a common benign condition, often diagnosed in women of reproductive age with dysmenorrhea and polymenorrhea, miscarriage and infertility. Previously, it was believed that the pathological process was associated with intrauterine interventions, parturition or endometriosis diagnosed by histological examination as the gold standard. Currently, adenomyosis is perceived as an independent disease, the etiology and pathogenesis of which are based on complex molecular, genomic and immune processes, also occurring in women without a burdened maternal obstetric and gynecological history. Modern non-invasive diagnostic methods, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, have high sensitivity and specificity and are successfully used for diagnosis of adenomyosis. One of the main initial morphological and functional signs of the disease is a change in the so-called J-zone (junctional zone, JZ), which is the transitional part of the myometrium. Its subendometrial layer has unique structural organization, immunohistochemical structure and functional activity, which remains not fully understood. Data on the effect of adenomyosis on the course and outcome of pregnancy are mixed. This article presents a literature review of world studies on the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of adenomyosis and its effect on fertility.

scholarly journals Minimally invasive diagnosis of endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Cătălina Diana STANICA ◽  
◽  
Adrian NEACSU ◽  
Romina Marina SIMA ◽  
Raluca Gabriela IOAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Golden Standard

Endometriosis is a common condition among women of reproductive age that can cause chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Rapid establishment of a positive diagnosis of endometriosis is essential for effective management. The positive diagnosis of endometriosis is difficult to establish and requires invasive methods. The "golden standard" for diagnosis is still laparoscopy. Current research has not yet established specific non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis. Imaging techniques, endometrial or serum markers facilitate diagnosis and are useful in monitoring the patient's progress. A number of noninvasive investigations, such as imaging techniques, or biomarkers are currently being evaluated for use in routine practice. A combination of these noninvasive tests could be the standard for diagnosing endometriosis in the future.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanorods-Based Sensor Array for Selective Detection of Biomarker Gases

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Gwang Su Kim ◽  
Yumin Park ◽  
Joonchul Shin ◽  
Young Geun Song ◽  
Chong-Yun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Breath Gas Analysis ◽  
Angle Method

The breath gas analysis through gas phase chemical analysis draws attention in terms of non-invasive and real time monitoring. The array-type sensors are one of the diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and selectivity towards the target gases. Herein, we presented a 2 × 4 sensor array with a micro-heater and ceramic chip. The device is designed in a small size for portability, including the internal eight-channel sensor array. In2O3 NRs and WO3 NRs manufactured through the E-beam evaporator’s glancing angle method were used as sensing materials. Pt, Pd, and Au metal catalysts were decorated for each channel to enhance functionality. The sensor array was measured for the exhaled gas biomarkers CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S to confirm the respiratory diagnostic performance. Through this operation, the theoretical detection limit was calculated as 1.48 ppb for CH3COCH3, 1.9 ppt for NO2, and 2.47 ppb for H2S. This excellent detection performance indicates that our sensor array detected the CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S as biomarkers, applying to the breath gas analysis. Our results showed the high potential of the gas sensor array as a non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables real-time monitoring.

scholarly journals The Importance and Perspective of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Endometriosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bianek-Bodzak ◽  
Edyta Szurowska ◽  
Sambor Sawicki ◽  
Marcin Liro
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pelvic Endometriosis ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Deep Pelvic Endometriosis

MR imaging is becoming increasingly important in the assessment of patients with endometriosis. Its multiplanar capabilities and superior soft tissue contrast are particularly useful in the detection of deep infiltrating endometriotic implants. Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrium, is among the most common gynaecological disorders affecting women in their reproductive age. The diagnosis and evaluation of the extension of endometriosis are difficult only with physical examination and laparoscopy. According to the authors’ personal experience, a special MRI technique and some imaging guidelines regarding different anatomical localizations of endometriosis are discussed. This review is a brief presentation of current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the evaluation of endometriosis concerning other diagnostic methods, the limitations of MRI and its essential usefulness for preoperative diagnosis of deep pelvic endometriosis, and future perspectives in monitoring this disease.

scholarly journals A Method for the Automatic Normalization and 3D Facial Mesh Extraction from Head Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Sevillano ◽  
David Ureña ◽  
Rubèn Gonzàlez ◽  
Mar Fatjó-Vilas ◽  
Raymond Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Magnetic Resonances

AbstractThe analysis of 3D facial shape in medicine is motivated by the fact that certain diseases and syndromes are associated to specific facial dysmorphologies. In this context, 3D facial shape analysis constitutes a promising and non-invasive support to traditional diagnostic methods. In this work, we explore the use of head magnetic resonances to obtain accurate 3D facial meshes that enable subsequent facial shape analysis. We present a fully automatic method that normalizes the orientation and alignment of 3D point clouds corresponding to head magnetic resonances by detecting salient facial features. Moreover, using clustering techniques, our method also allows to eliminate noise and artifacts appearing in magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, through bidirectional ray tracing, we obtain a dense 3D facial mesh that accurately captures facial shape. The proposed method has been built and evaluated on a dataset of 185 head magnetic resonances, and it has demonstrated its ability to successfully orient, align and obtain a dense 3D facial mesh with a high accuracy rate.

scholarly journals A comparative study between placental alpha microglobulin-1 rapid immunoassay and standard diagnostic methods for detection of rupture of membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Hemant Deshpande ◽  
Umesh Sabale ◽  
C. S. Madkar ◽  
Anuja Bobe
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
One Step ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Very High

Background: To determine the efficacy of an immunoassay to measure levels of placental alpha-microglobulin-1 in cervico-vaginal secretions.Methods: 100 ANC cases admitted in Dr D. Y. Patil Hospital with symptoms of rupture of membranes during study period. Inclusion criteria-Pregnant women who presented with symptoms of ROM either in labour or not in labour, gestational age from 28 weeks onwards and who have given consent.Results: In 9 cases, the immunoassay test was negative, in 91 cases, it was positive and in one case, the liquor had a lot of meconium, the woman had to undergo an emergency cesarean section. This patient was deemed to have a false negative result by the test. Pooling was positive in 87 cases, nitrazine test in 86 cases and ferning in 88 cases. Hence, in comparison to immunoassay test which had 100% specificity and 98.91% sensitivity due to incomplete evaluation, nitrazine test had 95.58% sensitivity and 100% specificity, Pooling has 97.79% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas ferning has 98.34% sensitivity and 100% specificity.Conclusions: The PAMG1 is a non-invasive, rapid, one step test with very high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy as compared to the conventional methods together and also individually. Preforming this test instead of conventional methods can aid the early detection of rupture of membranes and largely affect the outcome of maternal and fetal health as timely decision can be taken once diagnosis is confirmed.

scholarly journals The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of malignant bone neoplasms. Current state of an issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
A. I. Valeev ◽  
A. A. Malov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Bone Neoplasms ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Cortical Destruction

The review article is about clinical experience in the use of modern tomographic methods (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT)) in the diagnosis and assessment of the progression of malignant bone neoplasms, summarizing the results of the largest studies demonstrating the comparative characteristics of the methods. Numerous data demonstrate high sensitivity of MRI and form the following diagnostic tasks that can be solved by this method: the involvement degree of soft tissues in the pathological process, damage to the neurovascular bundle, the articular surface, assessment of the extent of tumor in the bone marrow canal. At the same time, CT shows a higher sensitivity in assessing cortical destruction and the degree of matrix mineralization. The article discusses the variety of program sequences and modes of MRI scanning, the prospects of the method in assessing the prevalence, staging, and differential diagnosis of bone tumors.

scholarly journals Autoimmune markers for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
I.V. Menzhinskaya ◽  
A.G. Melkumyan ◽  
S.V. Pavlovich ◽  
V.D. Chuprynin ◽  
L.V. Vanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormones

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent chronic disease in women of reproductive age; it is associated with dysregulation of the immune response, local inflammation, and increased formation of autoantibodies. The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of autoantibodies in women with endometriosis and to evaluate their diagnostic value using new modifications of enzyme immunoassay. In women with endometriosis of stage III-IV (n=39), a wide spectrum of autoantibodies was detected, mainly of class G, including antibodies to endometrial antigens (tropomyosin 3, tropomodulin 3), the enzyme α-enolase, steroid (estradiol, progesterone) and gonadotropic hormones. At the same time, the frequency of detection of IgG antibodies to tropomyosin 3, α-enolase, estradiol and human chorionic gonadotropin and their levels in patients with endometriosis were higher than in healthy women (n=26) (p

Therapeutic vectors of treatment of ovarian endometriomas

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
O.S. Shapoval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
High Recovery Rate ◽  
Ovarian Endometrioma ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Immunological Examination ◽  
Ovarian Endometriomas

The objective: to study clinical and anamnesis features in patients with ovarian endometriomas and to improve existing algorithms of treatment women with ovarian endpmetriomas. Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients aged 18 – 49 years with ovarian endometriomas and 50 healthy women. A general clinical, sonographic, immunological examination was conducted. Results. The analysis of the study data revealed the I degree of insufficiency of the adaptive link and the I–II degree of insufficiency of the nonspecific link of the immune system. In 74.51% of cases surgical treatment of the pathological process was carried out. As a conservative therapy and in the postoperative period the patients received complex therapy with immunomodulators, drugs of indole-3-carbinol, combined oral contraceptives with gestagen. Conclusion. The application of our proposed complex therapy of ovarian endometriomas in women of reproductive age showed a high recovery rate and a low relapse rate. Key words: ovarian endometrioma, reproductive age, immune dysfunction, treatment.

Interrelations between high-sensitivity C reactive protein and clinico-metabolic parameters in women of reproductive age with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Kh.Kh. Kh.Kh.Sharafetdinov ◽  
◽  
O.A. Plotnikova ◽  
R.I. Alekseyeva ◽  
V.V. Pilipenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reactive Protein
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