Treatment of pernicious anemia with vitamins

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 741-741
Author(s):  
E. Board
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Clinical Observations

Based on both clinical observations and experimental studies, the authors attribute an important role in the origin of pernicious anemia to vitamin deficiencies in the diet, especially vitamin A.

Identifying Targets for the Prevention of Childhood Undernutrition in a Resource-Limited Peri-Urban Ecuadorian Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212098250
Author(s):  
Suzanna L. Attia ◽  
Wolf-Peter Schmidt ◽  
Janeth Ceballos Osorio ◽  
Thomas Young ◽  
Aric Schadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score

Background: In middle-income countries, malnutrition concentrates in marginalized populations with a lack of effective preventive strategies. Objective: Identify risk factors for undernutrition in a peri-urban Ecuadorian community of children aged 12 to 59 months. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey in 2011 of children 1 to 5 years were analyzed including demographic data, medical history and examination, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measurements, and blood for complete blood count, C-reactive protein, vitamin A, iron, and zinc levels. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated from FFQ. Bivariate and multivariate analysis assessed effects on primary outcome of undernutrition by DDS, vitamin deficiencies, and demographic and nutritional data. Results: N = 67, 52.2% undernourished: 49.3% stunted, 25.4% underweight, and 3% wasted; 74.6% (n = 50) were anemic and 95.1% (n = 39) had low serum zinc. Dietary Diversity Score was universally low (mean 4.91 ± 1.36, max 12). Undernutrition was associated with lower vitamin A levels (20 306, IQR: 16605.25-23973.75 vs 23665, IQR: 19292-26474 ng/mL, P = .04); underweight was associated with less parental report of illness (43.8%, n = 7 vs 80% n = 40, P = .005) and higher white blood count (13.7, IQR: 11.95-15.8 vs 10.9, IQR: 7.8-14.23 × 109/L, P = .02). In multiple regression, risk of undernutrition decreased by 4% for every $10 monthly income increase (95 CI%: 0.5%-7.4%, P = .02, n = 23); risk of underweight decreased by 0.06 for every increased DDS point (adjusted odds ratio: 0.06; 95 CI%: 0.004-0.91, P = .04, n = 23). Conclusions: In this peri-urban limited resource, mostly Indigenous Ecuadorian community, stunting exceeds national prevalence, lower monthly income is the strongest predictor of undernutrition, lower DDS can predict some forms of undernutrition, and vitamin deficiencies are associated with but not predictive of undernutrition.

VITAMIN A POISONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-385
Author(s):  
DONALD GRIBETZ ◽  
SAMUEL H. SILVERMAN ◽  
ALBERT E. SOBEL
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Toxic Factor ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alcohol Fraction ◽  
Clinical Literature

Two cases of hypervitaminosis A have been presented together with a review of experimental and clinical literature. The first case presented the highest reported fasting plasma vitamin A level, the increase being chiefly due to a high vitamin A alcohol fraction. This elevated level of alcoholic vitamin A probably denotes large stores of vitamin A in the liver and data have been given to show that it is a better index of hypervitaminosis A than is the total vitamin A level. In addition, evidence has been presented that the toxic factor in hypervitaminosis A is the permanent elevated plasma vitamin A level. The similarity between the experimental studies in animals and the observations in the authors' first case has been shown. The important points necessary for making a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis A have been discussed and several similar conditions have been differentiated. It cannot be emphasized too strongly that excess vitamin intake may be as dangerous as a deficient intake.

Main approaches to treatment of hypoxia in acute respiratory distress syndrome, bacterial and viral pneumonia (part III)

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
A. V. Vlasenko ◽  
E. A. Evdokimov ◽  
E. P. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Degree

The paper summarizes data on modern approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of severe acute parenchymal respiratory failure of various origins, including ARDS due to bacterial viral pneumonia. The work is based on the data of modern well-organized studies, analysis of international clinical guidelines with a high degree of evidence, as well as the results of our own long-term experimental studies and clinical observations of the treatment of patients with ARDS of various origins, including viral pneumonia of 2009, 2016, 2020. Scientifically grounded algorithms for prevention, differential diagnosis and personalized therapy of severe acute respiratory failure using innovative medical technologies and a wide range of respiratory and adjuvant treatment methods have been formulated. The authors tried to adapt as much as possible the existing current recommendations for the daily clinical practice of anesthesiologists and resuscitators.

The scientific foundations of cognitive behaviour therapy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Attention Memory

Chapter 2 explores the scientific foundations of cognitive behaviour therapy, and reviews some of the advances in treatment, and the experimental studies that support them. It includes clinical observations, characterizing cognitions (thinking, attention, memory, visual imagery, worry, meta-cognition), the experimental methods used to test predictions, and factors that maintain cognitions.

scholarly journals Relative vitamin A values of 9-cis- and 13-cis-β-carotene do not differ when fed at physiological levels during vitamin A depletion in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara A. Bresnahan ◽  
Christopher R. Davis ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

Provitamin A biofortification of staple crops may decrease the prevalence of vitamin A (VA) deficiency if widely adopted in target countries. To assess the impact of processing methods on the VA value of plant foods, the unique bioefficacies ofcis-βC isomers (formed during cooking) compared with all-trans(at) β-carotene (βC) must be determined. The bioefficacies of 9-cis(9c)- and 13-cis(13c)-βC isomers were compared with those of the at-βC isomer and VA positive (VA+) and negative (VA − ) controls in VA-depleted Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) in two experimental studies (study 1,n56; study 2,n57). A 3- or 4-week depletion period was followed by a 3- or 4-week treatment period in which the groups received oral doses of the 9c-, 13c- or at-βC isomers in cottonseed oil (study 1, 15 nmol/d; study 2, 30 nmol/d). In study 1, the βC isomers did not maintain baseline liver VA stores in all groups (0·69 (sd0·20) μmol/liver) except in the VA+group (0·56 (sd0·10) μmol/liver) (P= 0·0026). The βC groups were similar to the VA+group, but the 9c- and 13c-βC groups did not differ from the VA − group (0·39 (sd0·09) μmol/liver). In study 2, the βC isomers maintained baseline liver VA stores in all the βC groups (0·35 (sd0·13) μmol/liver), and in the VA+group, the VA supplement (0·54 (sd0·19) μmol/liver) exceeded the baseline VA status (0·38 (sd0·15) μmol/liver) (P< 0·0001); however, the 9c-βC group did not differ from the VA − group (0·20 (sd0·07) μmol/liver).In vivoisomerisation of βC was confirmed in both experimental studies. Lower VA bioconversion factor values were obtained for thecis-βC isomers in study 2 when compared with study 1, but higher values were obtained for the at-βC isomer. Dose and VA status clearly affect bioconversion factors. In conclusion, thecis-βC isomers yielded similar liver VA stores to the at-βC isomer in Mongolian gerbils, and liver VA stores of the 9c- and 13c-βC groups did not differ when the doses were provided at physiological levels over time in two studies.

Auditory Perceptual Impairments in Children with Specific Language Disorders

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lubert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Perceptual Impairment

This article reviews the literature on auditory perceptual impairments in children with language disorders. It is suggested that, rather than a higher-order cognitive or "linguistic" deficit, the underlying deficit in childhood language disorders is a perceptual one. The perceptual impairment may consist of a deficiency in detecting acoustic features in the speech wave that normally cue certain phonemes. Support for this hypothesis comes from clinical observations and experimental studies of aphasic adults as well as language-disordered children. The most consistent finding of the studies with language-disordered children has been that they have difficulty making perceptual judgments of the order of rapid sequences of brief sounds, such as synthetic speech and non-speech stimuli. However, these children perceive the sequences more accurately if the duration of the stimuli or the inter-stimulus intervals are extended. This suggests a "rate-specific" auditory perceptual deficit in language-disordered children for rapid acoustic information, such as the distinctive acoustic features of speech sounds. Treatment and future research implications are discussed.

Quantitative Aspects of the Urinary and Fecal Excretion of Radioactive Metabolites of Vitamin A in the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Varma ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Liver Vitamin

Urinary and fecal excretion of radioactive metabolites has been followed for 8 days (12 days in one group) in groups of rats having different initial body stores of vitamin A and given a single oral dose of 11,12-3H-retinyl acetate in oil. During the collections animals were fed a vitamin A deficient diet except for one group which was given laboratory chow throughout. At the end of the collection period animals were killed for determination of liver, kidney, and plasma vitamin A and radioactivity. Specific activities were similar in the three tissues; total liver vitamin A contents ranged from undetectable to 7700 μg. Excretion of fecal and urinary radioactivity was high initially but fell to apparently stable levels by day 8. When the combined urinary and fecal excretion was expressed in terms of the liver vitamin A equivalent (ELV), there was a gradual increase in excretion rate with the logarithm of liver vitamin A up to 150–300 μg/g liver; thereafter the rate of excretion increased more rapidly with liver stores to the highest level studied, 500–550 μg/g. In the initial phase the ELV values were 4–10 μg/day, rising to 22–24 μg/day in the second phase. These studies suggest that (a) a portion of newly absorbed vitamin A is metabolized before mixing with general body pools and probably without greatly altering the metabolism of endogenous vitamin A, (b) after equilibration of body pools, urinary excretion of radioactivity should be a useful index in experimental studies of factors affecting vitamin A metabolism, and (c) chemical determination of urinary metabolites of vitamin A is a potential index of vitamin A nutritional status.

Elastic Jump in Male Urethra During Voiding: Clinical Observations in Male Subjects and Experimental Studies in Dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbarao V. Yalla ◽  
Ernest Cravalho ◽  
Neil Resnick ◽  
Rosanne Chiang ◽  
Julian Gilliam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Male Urethra ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Male Subjects

Comparison between a Modified Ethanol Gelation Test and Protamine Sulfate Test. Experimental Studies

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Zielinsky ◽  
Raul Altman ◽  
Jorge Rouvier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Fibrin Monomers ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryA comparative experimental study has been made to correlate the protamine sulfate test and a modified ethanol gelation test, based on clinical observations of the solubility of a gel formed at 20° C (Godal and Abildgaard procedure) when it was transferred to a bath at 37° C. Two different results were obtained: the gel remained insoluble at 37° C or it became completely soluble, with intermediate degrees of partial solubility.Our studies indicate that this is due to the amount of fibrin monomers formed and the level of fibrinogen: the first are responsible for the insolubility of the gel and the second for its solubility. This furnishes us with useful information for diagnostic purposes.We found the protamine sulfate test more sensitive than the ethanol gelation test, and its sensitivity increased when fibrinogen level decreased.An insoluble gelation test is a sure indication of the presence of fibrin monomers, but a soluble gel calls for the protamine sulfate test to confirm this or the existence of high fibrinogen level.

Treatment of scrofulous keratoconjunctivitis with atuberculin antivirus

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1210-1225
Author(s):  
A. S. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Close Relationship

Numerous experimental studies and clinical observations have undoubtedly proved the existence of a close relationship between scrofulous keratoconjunctivitis and tuberculosis infection.Despite this, the mechanism of the occurrence of inflammatory phenomena and individual elements (infiltrates, conflict, pannus, ulceration) that make up the clinical picture of such diseases has not yet been completely clarified.

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