scholarly journals Prevention of recurrence of malignant tumors Keysser’a (Arch. f. kiin. Chir., Bd. 117)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
V. G.
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Prevention Of Recurrence

In the revolutionary committee, contrary to the generally accepted custom after the prompt removal of cancers, to expose patients to prophylactic X-rays in order to prevent the return of the disease, there are Keysser's observations (Arch. F. Kiin. Chir., Bd. 117), according to which cancer underwent prophylactic X-rays in the Tbingen clinic the breast gave a higher percentage of relapses than those who did not.

scholarly journals Application of Deep Learning in Lung Cancer Imaging Diagnosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wenfa Jiang ◽  
Ganhua Zeng ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Wu ◽  
Chenyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Lung Nodules ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest fatality rate and nearest to our lives. It poses a great threat to human health and it mainly occurs in smokers. In our country, with the acceleration of industrialization, environmental pollution, and population aging, the cancer burden of lung cancer is increasing day by day. In the diagnosis of lung cancer, Computed Tomography (CT) images are a fairly common visualization tool. CT images visualize all tissues based on the absorption of X-rays. The diseased parts of the lung are collectively referred to as pulmonary nodules, the shape of nodules is different, and the risk of cancer will vary with the shape of nodules. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a very suitable method to solve this problem because the computer vision model can quickly scan every part of the CT image of the same quality for analysis and will not be affected by fatigue and emotion. The latest advances in deep learning enable computer vision models to help doctors diagnose various diseases, and in some cases, models have shown greater competitiveness than doctors. Based on the opportunity of technological development, the application of computer vision in medical imaging diagnosis of diseases has important research significance and value. In this paper, we have used a deep learning-based model on CT images of lung cancer and verified its effectiveness in the timely and accurate prediction of lungs disease. The proposed model has three parts: (i) detection of lung nodules, (ii) False Positive Reduction of the detected nodules to filter out “false nodules,” and (iii) classification of benign and malignant lung nodules. Furthermore, different network structures and loss functions were designed and realized at different stages. Additionally, to fine-tune the proposed deep learning-based mode and improve its accuracy in the detection Lung Nodule Detection, Noudule-Net, which is a detection network structure that combines U-Net and RPN, is proposed. Experimental observations have verified that the proposed scheme has exceptionally improved the expected accuracy and precision ratio of the underlined disease.

Video Capsule Endoscopy and Deep Enteroscopy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Marya ◽  
Veronica Baptista ◽  
Anupam Singh ◽  
Joseph Charpentier ◽  
David Cave
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Crohn Disease ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Video Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Bowel Tumors ◽  
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome

Until 2001, the nonsurgical evaluation of the small intestine was largely limited to the use of radiologic imaging (e.g., small bowel follow-through or enteroclysis). With the now widespread availability of video capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy since 2001, we are now able to visualize the length and most of the mucosa of the small intestine and manage small bowel lesions that were previously inaccessible except by surgical intervention. This review serves as an overview for these two procedures, detailing the indications and contraindications, proper timing of the procedure, technical aspects of the devices themselves, possible complications, and outcomes. Figures show endoscopic images that demonstrate multiple angioectasias, bleeding during capsule endoscopy, active Crohn disease of the small bowel, severe mucosal scalloping, small bowel carcinoid tumor, small bowel polyp associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug enteropathy; serial x-rays of a patient with a patency capsule retained inside the small intestine; a computer image showing the distribution of small bowel tumors; and a pie chart displaying the breakdown of the distribution of benign and malignant tumors that can be found in the small intestine. Videos show multiple angioectasias, bleeding during capsule endoscopy, active Crohn disease of the small bowel, small bowel carcinoid tumor, and small bowel polyp associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 5 videos, and 50 references.

scholarly journals High LET Radiation Overcomes In Vitro Resistance to X-Rays of Chondrosarcoma Cell Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381987130
Author(s):  
Francois Chevalier ◽  
Dounia Houria Hamdi ◽  
Charlotte Lepleux ◽  
Mihaela Temelie ◽  
Anaïs Nicol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Relative Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chondrosarcoma Cell ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors of the cartilage that are chemoresistant and radioresistant to X-rays. This restricts the treatment options essential to surgery. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of chondrosarcoma to X-rays and C-ions in vitro. The sensitivity of 4 chondrosarcoma cell lines (SW1353, CH2879, OUMS27, and L835) was determined by clonogenic survival assays and cell cycle progression. In addition, biomarkers of DNA damage responses were analyzed in the SW1353 cell line. Chondrosarcoma cells showed a heterogeneous sensitivity toward irradiation. Chondrosarcoma cell lines were more sensitive to C-ions exposure compared to X-rays. Using D10 values, the relative biological effectiveness of C-ions was higher (relative biological effectiveness = 5.5) with cells resistant to X-rays (CH2879) and lower (relative biological effectiveness = 3.7) with sensitive cells (L835). C-ions induced more G2 phase blockage and micronuclei in SW1353 cells as compared to X-rays with the same doses. Persistent unrepaired DNA damage was also higher following C-ions irradiation. These results indicate that chondrosarcoma cell lines displayed a heterogeneous response to conventional radiation treatment; however, treatment with C-ions irradiation was more efficient in killing chondrosarcoma cells, compared to X-rays.

Cancer of the Lacrimal Sac

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Schenck ◽  
Joseph H. Ogura ◽  
Lindsay L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Local Excision ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Epidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Preoperative Irradiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Tumors of the lacrimal sac are rare, and are discussed primarily in the ophthalmological literature. The otolaryngologist, however, often performs the definitive surgery and must, therefore, be familiar with this disease. The lacrimal apparatus secretes and then drains lubricating fluid from the eye. This report focuses on the drainage mechanism which is anatomically and functionally a single structure composed of the canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct. By 1963, 184 lacrimal sac tumors had been reported in the world literature. We have collected an additional 21 patients from the literature. This brings the total malignant tumors to 125, of which 74 were of epithelial origin. One sarcoma and four poorly differentiated epidermoid tumors treated in our department are presented in detail. The diagnosis is often evasive though the history of mass and epiphora is typical. Conservative treatment for dacryocystitis only temporizes. Work-up should include external and slitlamp examination, complete rhinological evaluation, sinus x-rays, tomograms of the bony lacrimal sac area, and dacryocystograms. Biopsy gives pathological confirmation. The largest group is epidermoid carcinoma, mostly of the poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing type. The treatment for benign lesions is local excision. Preoperative irradiation is indicated for epidermoid carcinoma, followed by wide local excision. Radical maxillectomy may be reserved for recurrences, and neck dissection for palpable nodes may be helpful. Mesenchymal tumors respond best to radiotherapy. Death in lacrimal sac cancer results from metastases, most often to the neck and lung. Five year survival rates appear to be slightly greater than 50%.

scholarly journals X-ray Scatter Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Mouse Model Using Nanoparticle Contrast Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Rand ◽  
Zoltan Derdak ◽  
Rolf Carlson ◽  
Jack R. Wands ◽  
Christoph Rose-Petruck
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is almost uniformly fatal. Current methods of detection include ultrasound examination and imaging by CT scan or MRI; however, these techniques are problematic in terms of sensitivity and specificity and the detection of early tumors (<1 cm diameter) has proven elusive. Better, more specific and more sensitive detection methods are therefore urgently needed. Here we discuss the application of a newly developed x-ray imaging technique called Spatial Frequency Heterodyne Imaging (SFHI) for the early detection of HCC. SFHI uses x-rays scattered by an object to form an image and is more sensitive than conventional absorption-based x-radiography. We show that tissues labeled in vivo with gold nanoparticle contrast agents can be detected using SFHI. We also demonstrate that directed targeting and SFHI of HCC tumors in a mouse model is possible through the use of HCC-specific antibodies. The enhanced sensitivity of SFHI relative to currently available techniques enables the x-ray imaging of tumors that are just a few millimeters in diameter and substantially reduces the amount of nanoparticle contrast agent required for intravenous injection relative to absorption-based x-ray imaging.

scholarly journals On the X-ray technique of malignant tumors Brock (S’trahlentherapie. Bd. 13, № 1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
V. G.
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lymph Glands

Analyzing this technique Brock (S'trahlentherapie. Bd. 13, No. 1) strongly points out the need for the corresponding lymph glands to be protected from the action of x-rays during the X-ray examination of malignant tumors.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF URETHANE ON THE NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY OF CELLS OF THE GRANULOCYTE SERIES AS OBSERVED IN MARROW CULTURES AND LEUKEMIC BLOOD

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWIN E. OSGOOD ◽  
I. T. CHU
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Amine Hydrochloride ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract In cultures by the marrow culture technic of human marrow and leukemic blood containing concentrations of urethane from 1:200 to 1:40,000, marked changes in the morphology of the cells of the granulocyte series were noted. These changes were not noted in the control nor in duplicate cultures containing the methyl-bis (B-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride form of nitrogen mustard in concentrations from 1:500,000 to 1:40,000,000, nor were they noted in previous studies of cultures containing colchicine or exposed to 200 kilovolt or million volt x-rays, neutron rays or radioactive phosphorus, nor in the bloods or marrows of patients with untreated chronic granulocytic leukemia, of healthy individuals or of persons with miscellaneous diseases. The changes consisted of an early increase in number of normal mitoses in the progranulocytes; a steadily rising percentage of granulocytes and progranulocytes showing condensation of the chromatin in the nucleus into dense fragments separated by clear spaces; a progressive increase in the number of cells of the granulocyte series with double nuclei, affecting all cells from the progranulocytes to the neutrophil lobocytes but appearing to be most numerous in the granulocyte stage; and the appearance in the cultures by 4 to 5 days of cells containing separated fragments of structureless material staining like basichromatin, which probably represents a karyorrhexis of the nucleus. Note: Nothing in this article is to be construed as a recommendation of urethane for the clinical treatment of leukemias. While many years must elapse before its place in therapy can be evaluated, it does seem worthwhile to give urethane a trial for metastatic malignant tumors. Our present impression is that either radioactive phosphorus or total body irradiation with x-rays given in small regularly spaced doses is far superior to urethane in the treatment of leukemias.17 When the cells become resistant to radiation therapy, urethane may be worthy of a trial.

Lethal dose of x-rays to cancer cells. Wood, Prime (Strahlentherapie, Bd. XIII)

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
V. Gruzdev
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Rays

Based on numerous experiments with X-rays on malignant tumors (cancers and sarcomas) in mice, the authors concluded that 5-7 erythemidoses of filtered x-rays are needed to kill cancer and sarcomatous cells in humans if the tumors are located on the surface of the body.

scholarly journals Pelvic reconstruction with bone cement and total hip prosthesis after resection of chondrosarcoma. Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Ioan Mihai Japie ◽  
Adrian Bădilă ◽  
Radu Rădulescu ◽  
Eduard Mitroi ◽  
Andra Bujdei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pelvic Reconstruction ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumor ◽  
Total Hip

AbstractIntroduction. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin representing approximately 20-30% of all bone malignant tumors and occupying the second place in terms of their incidence. It usually affects adults between 40 and 60 years old, but can be encountered at older ages as well.Materials and methods. We report the case of a 55-year-old male patient who presented to our department with 2 weeks-long right hip pain and partial loss of functionality in right limb. We performed X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, bone scintigraphy, and angiography, which established the diagnosis of pelvic tumor. Biopsy of the tumor was performed by iliofemoral approach and its result showed moderately differentiated chondrosarcoma. Orthopaedic surgery was performed, with tumoral removal within oncological limits, pelvic reconstruction using acrylic bone cement impregnated with Vancomycin and total hip arthroplasty.Results were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Rating Scale and a score of 23 out of 35 was obtained (the higher the better). Postoperative complications consisted in flap-skin necrosis that resolved within 2 months after surgery.Conclusion. Bone defects repair using antibiotic impregnated cement drastically reduced the rate of postoperative infections, thus decreasing both morbidity and mortality. In spite of technological advancement, long-term prognosis remains reserved in chondrosarcoma, due to its specific aggressivity, resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and high rate of recurrence.

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