scholarly journals On the issue of diaphragmatic hernias

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
P. V. Manenkov

The issue of diaphragmatic hernias has been the subject of persistent and fruitful research since the last half of the last century. Until that time, the more or less developed doctrine of diaphragm hernias, one might say, did not exist at all - if individual cases of this kind of hernias were described, then the number of these descriptions was not so great, and these descriptions were of a purely casuistic nature.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
WILLIAM G. LENNOX

I enclose a portion of an address, "Epilepsy Then, Now and A Century Hence," delivered at the Centenary of the Boston University School of Medicine. In the belief that the subject discussed will become increasingly timely, I request space for it in "The Pediatrician and the Public." Pediatricians occupy a strategic position with respect to genetics and childbearing and, because of their associations, pediatricians should be unusually youthful minded and forward looking. From our little Mount Pisgah we have gazed hopefully toward the Promised Land of Epilepsy Control. Now we must descend to the common plain of economics. Fruitful research in any field depends primarily on inspired minds, but money, with its supporting stable politico-economy, seems increasingly important. What will be the state of the world a century hence? Who or what threatens its stability? At the moment we fear the power of the fissured atom. We physicians envy atomic scientists with their billions to spend, and we feel superior because our labors do not engender fears of catastrophic destruction. And yet, what will people think of us a century hence? By then, we are told, the population of the earth, excessive with respect to its natural or man-made resources, will present a wider and more insoluble menace to peace and prosperity than the split atom. For this menace our profession will be chiefly to blame. Medical science and public health forces have wonderfully reduced the scourge of sickness and death; but the doubled life span means a doubled population—and, for the added portion of that span, economic unproductivity. A passion for prolonging all lives, including the genetically unfit (coupled with war's destruction of the fit), has violated nature's plans for humanity's improvement. Flattered for past achievements in prolonging life, we physicians ignore the complementary problem of excessive births. We see no danger and cry no alarms. Knowing most about human genetics and the physiology, endocrinology and psychology of reproduction, we nevertheless have not grappled seriously with the vast problems involved in widespread efforts towards the limitation and the genetic improvement of the human breed.


1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette N. Bradford ◽  
David B. Bradford

Little empirical research has been conducted concerning the relationship of photographs to text in photoillustration. Knowledge of photoillustration has remained the informal folklore of layout artists and photographers for several reasons: the unquantifiable nature of aesthetic judgment; the differences between principles of photography and of traditional art forms; and advances in both camera and press technology. As a result of these factors, tradition, not empirical research, has dominated practice. But traditional layout principles which have been the subject of empirical testing have received both denial and reinforcement in such areas as the effectiveness of photoillustration, color versus black-and-white, placement of photographs, and the photograph and traditional layout principles. More research is needed into this vital aspect of text production; fruitful research directions are suggested and the synthesis of the knowledge of both the practitioner and the researcher advocated.


Itinerario ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Knaap

The project about the maritime history of the Java Sea, in which various scholars from Indonesia and the Netherlands have been participating since about 1996, bears the title ‘The Java Sea Region in an Age of Transition, 1870–1970’. From the beginning of the project there has been discussion about the time-span to be covered by the project, especially about the terminal year. Some people feared that the availability of sources would limit the prospects of fruitful research. On the basis of this, it was even proposed to stop at 1945, the date of Indonesia's independence. However, in the end most of the scholars involved agreed that it would be worthwhile to continue to roughly 1970, because then it would be possible to include the first years of the Orde Baru regime and pinpoint its effects on the rehabilitation of ports. Moreover, 1970 was also convenient for the simple reason that it was one hundred years after the year, taken as the starting point, namely 1870. The year 1870 as a point of departure was never the subject of any discussion. Because of the liberalization of the economy, namely the general shift from exploitation by the colonial state to exploitation by private enterprise and the alleged beginning of the so-called Age of Modern Imperialism, which tied the corners of the Archipelago closer together, it was simply accepted. Within the confines of the maritime sector, 1870 was assumed to symbolize the change from wind energy to steam power and a beginning of the improvement of ports. Confidently, the opening up of the Suez Canal in 1869 heralded an intensification of contacts between the Netherlands and the Netherlands Indies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Maxendre Brunet

Although the place of music in the French political imagination has recently been the subject of fruitful research, it remains a blind spot in the study of French cultural exchange. This can be explained by the non-verbal nature of musical events, or the relative technicality of their study. This article shows how the Association d'expansion et d'échanges artistiques contributed to the promotion of French musicians in Cairo between the late 1920s and the late 1930s. 


PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.


1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.


1966 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 159-161

Rule: I'd like at this point to bring up the subject of cables and wireways around the telescope. We've touched upon this twice during previous sessions: the cable wrap up problem, the communications problem, and data multiplexing problem. I think we'll ask Bill Baustian if he will give us a brief run down on what the electrical run problems are, besides doubling the system every year.


Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.


Author(s):  
J. S. Maa ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson

The growth of Ag films deposited on various substrate materials such as MoS2, mica, graphite, and MgO has been investigated extensively using the in situ electron microscopy technique. The three stages of film growth, namely, the nucleation, growth of islands followed by liquid-like coalescence have been observed in both the vacuum vapor deposited and ion beam sputtered thin films. The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of silver films formed by ion beam sputtering on the (111) plane of silicon comprise the subject of this paper. A novel mode of epitaxial growth is observed to that seen previously.The experimental arrangement for the present study is the same as previous experiments, and the preparation procedure for obtaining thin silicon substrate is presented in a separate paper.


Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.


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