scholarly journals Frank, Ludwig. Die psychokathartische Behandlung nervöser Störungen. (Psychoneurosen-Thymopathieri). Verlag Georg Thieme. Leipzig. 1927. IV + 208

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230-1230
Author(s):  
I. Galant
Keyword(s):  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Active Principle

Frank proposes to call psychoneuroses thymopathies, because psychoneuroses and all related diseases are disorders of the affective sphere of a quite definite nature. These are dynamic disorders of affective life, consisting mainly in the phenomena of the repression of affects, their accumulation and accumulation in the subconscious, their desire to move from the subconscious to the superconscious and the delay of this process due to the "internal resistance" (innerer Widerstand), displacing those striving for the release of affects back into the subconscious. With regard to the treatment of such dynamic disorders of the affective sphere, Frank considers psycho-cathartic treatment to be the most appropriate. The active principle of psychocatarsis is the awareness and secondary experience of affective excitations accumulated for various reasons in the subconscious. This is achieved in a hypnotic state of half-sleep, when the consciousness is narrowed only so much that the internal resistance falls, the delays disappear and there is a free reaction of the affects accumulated in the subconscious with the passive participation of superconscious attention. Having responded to the restrained affects and realizing those initial experiences with which painful symptoms are associated, the b-oh recovers.

Mg++ - and Ca++-Induced Platelet Aggregation and ADP

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cronberg ◽  
J. P Caen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Platelet Suspension ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Phosphoenol Pyruvic Acid

SummaryReports on platelet aggregation after addition of calcium or magnesium to EDTA- PRP or platelet suspensions were confirmed. An aggregating principle was found in the EDTA-plasma and the supernatant of the platelet suspensions. Aggregation by magnesium in a platelet suspension was inhibited by adenosine and phosphoenol- pyruvic acid and pyruvate kinase, which suggested that the active principle was identical with ADP. Degradation of ADP in EDTA plasma was blocked.It thus appears that aggregation induced by calcium or magnesium in EDTA-PRP and platelet suspension was due to accumulation of spontaneously liberated ADP, which was not degraded.

Search for Compounds Suppressing Intestinal α-Glucosidase Expression in Caco-2 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Kota Noda ◽  
Eisuke Kato ◽  
Jun Kawabata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Control Post

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose level.Reducing carbohydrate absorption from the intestinal tract is an effective strategy to control post-meal blood glucose level. Inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase, involved in digestion of carbohydrates, is known as an approach to accomplish this. On the other hand, reduction of α-glucosidase amount is expected to work in the similar manner. However, none of the previousstudy pursues this approach. A convenient assay was developed to evaluate α-glucosidase amount employing Caco-2 cells, the intestinal epithelial cell model reported to express α-glucosidase. Sixty plants were screened and two candidate plants, Calluna vulgaris and Perilla frutescens var. crispa were found to reduce α-glucosidase expression. C. vulgaris extract was subjected to activity guided isolation. Proanthocyanidin was identified as the active principle which was analyzed by thiol decomposition to reveal the components as a mixture ofcatechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and A type procyanidin dimer. The proanthocyanidin suppressed about 30% of α-glucosidase amount evaluated through convenient assay, and suppressed bulk of mRNA expression level of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) at 0.125 mg/mL. Several flavan-3-ol monomers were also tested, and epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate were found to suppress α-glucosidase amount significantly.

Targeting Protective Catalase of Tumor Cells with Cold Atmospheric Plasma- Activated Medium (PAM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Plasma Potential ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma

Background: Application of cold atmospheric plasma to medium generates “plasma-activated medium” that induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and that has an antitumor effect in vivo. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Objective: Elucidation of potential chemical interactions within plasma-activated medium and of reactions of medium components with specific target structures of tumor cells should allow to define the active principle in plasma activated medium. Methods: Established knowledge of intercellular apoptosis-inducing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-dependent signaling and its control by membrane-associated catalase and SOD was reviewed. Model experiments using extracellular singlet oxygen were analyzed with respect to catalase inactivation and their relevance for the antitumor action of cold atmospheric plasma. Potential interactions of this tumor cell-specific control system with components of plasma-activated medium or its reaction products were discussed within the scope of the reviewed signaling principles. Results: None of the long-lived species found in plasma-activated medium, such as nitrite and H2O2, nor OCl- or .NO seemed to have the potential to interfere with catalase-dependent control of apoptosis-inducing signaling of tumor cells when acting alone. However, the combination of H2O2 and nitrite might generate peroxynitrite. The protonation of peroxnitrite to peroxynitrous acid allows for the generation of hydroxyl radicals that react with H2O2, leading to the formation of hydroperoxide radicals. These allow for singlet oxygen generation and inactivation of membrane-associated catalase through an autoamplificatory mechanism, followed by intercellular apoptosis-inducing signaling. Conclusion: Nitrite and H2O2 in plasma-activated medium establish singlet oxygen-dependent interference selectively with the control system of tumor cells.

Hume’s Argument for the Inertness of Reason

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Active Principle ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Alternative Reading

This discussion first considers why Hume highlights the argument that reason alone is not a motive, given that few, if any, of his predecessors actually professed that reason could motivate without passion. Second, it ponders, but rejects, the idea that Hume’s “Inertness of Reason” argument equivocates. Third, it rebuts the view that Hume allows that beliefs, products of reason, can motivate, even if reason cannot. If Hume thinks beliefs can motivate, then: (1) his thesis that reason contributes to motivation without originating motives, will depend on the equivocation earlier dismissed; (2) we have no explanation how actions result from competing motives; and (3) he undermines his dictum that an active principle cannot be founded on an inactive one. There is textual evidence for an alternative reading of Hume, on which beliefs, even about sources of pleasure and pain, trace their force to sentiments that depend upon taste.

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