scholarly journals Modern aspects of morphology of endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of O.K. Khmelnitsky)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-586
Author(s):  
E M Nepomnyashchaya ◽  
T I Moiseenko ◽  
V S Trifanov
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Genetic Changes

November 4, 2020, marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Oleg Konstantinovich Khmelnitskiy, an outstanding Russian pathologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (04.11.192008.02.2004). The creative legacy of O.K. Khmelnitskiy has a large number of works devoted to endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Modern concepts of these tumors take a lot from the scientists ideas. The development of the classification of endometrioid carcinomas is determined by new data in molecular genetic research. The most common genetic changes in endometrioid adenocarcinomas involve mutations in the PTEN, KRAS, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and MS1 genes. Serous carcinomas are characterized by TP53 mutations and HER2-neu gene amplification. The immunohistochemical panel allows differentiation of endometrioid and serous carcinomas. There is evidence of the role of the POLE gene mutation. Various advantages of the introduction of molecular genetic classification are presented, which allow changing approaches to the treatment of endometrial cancer depending on the risk of its development. The 2019 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) classification allows interpreting morphological characteristics of these tumors in a new way.

scholarly journals The role of genetic research with family design in the study of affective disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
E. D. Kasyanov ◽  
G. E. Maso ◽  
A. O. Kibitov
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polygenic Diseases ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Affective disorders (recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder) are multifactorial and polygenic diseases, which suggests the involvement of multiple neurobiological mechanisms. The phenotype of affective disorders is a heterogeneous group of clinically similar psychopathological symptoms, which also makes it difficult to detect potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. To study families at high risk of developing affective disorders using both clinical and molecular genetic approaches can help to study the neurobiological basis of depressive conditions, as well as to identify endophenotypes of affective disorders. The most important criterion for an endophenotype is its heritability, which can be proved only within the framework of the family design of the study. Comprehensive clinical and molecular genetic studies based on family design have the best prospects.

The genetic analysis of growth and body composition in the mouse as a livestock model

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
W. G. Hill ◽  
L. Bünger
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Farm Livestock ◽  
Human Genetic Research

The similarities between the mouse and farm livestock at the genetic and functional level make it a useful model for farm livestock breeding and indeed for human genetic research, taking the opportunities presented by its short generation interval, the development of inbred lines, and the ability to do gene knock-outs. Genetic similarities apply both at the molecular level, in gene structure and sequence, and at the quantitative level, for example genetic parameters of growth. We discuss here what can be learnt about the action and interaction of genes that influence traits of growth and body composition and contribute to genetic changes in them from work on the mouse, concentrating particularly on candidate genes and experiments conducted in our laboratory. As a resource we have developed highly divergent selection lines for growth, body composition and food intake, brought together lines of mice selected for growth from around the world, and inbred them both for stability and to facilitate their use for molecular genetic analysis. These lines differ greatly as a consequence of selection not only in growth and degree of fatness, but also in efficiency, as assessed by food intake corrected for body weight.

Current prerequisites for a molecular genetic classification of endometrial cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
S. V. Vtorushin ◽  
R. D. Malykh
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Classification

Behavioral and Molecular Genetics of Emotion Dysregulation

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
Lance M. Rappaport ◽  
Sage E. Hawn ◽  
Cassie Overstreet ◽  
Ananda B. Amstadter
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Underlying Structure

Given the critical role that emotion dysregulation plays in many psychiatric disorders, there is a need to understand the biological underpinnings of emotion regulation deficits. This chapter opens with a brief overview of emotion regulation and constructs that fall under its broad umbrella. Next, it provides a brief primer of behavioral genetic research methods, summarizes existing literature regarding the heritability of emotional dysregulation, provides an overview of molecular genetic research methods, and reviews extant molecular genetic literature on emotion regulation. Finally, the chapter reviews the limitations of existing research and identifies promising areas of future inquiry that may clarify the underlying structure of emotion dysregulation and identify the role of common genetic loci in associations between emotion dysregulation and psychopathology.

scholarly journals Morphological feature of Picipes (Polyporus) rhizophilus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00093
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Vlasenko ◽  
Dejidmaa Turmunkh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Morphological Research

Based on morphological research methods, the morphological characteristics of a rare species of polyporoid fungi – Polyporus rhizophilus, adapted to live as a parasite of grasses in steppe communities of subarid and arid regions, were evaluated. Morphological structures of fruiting bodies of fungi are subject to variability, which may be due to the influence of environmental factors and the specifics of the substrate on which the fruiting bodies of fungi develop. The appearance of identical morphological features in different phylogenetic groups is adaptive convergent. In this regard, molecular genetic research is a necessary condition for distinguishing taxa and clarifying their phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC RESEARCH IN THE SYSTEM OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OVER ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AND SIBERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
E. Yu. Sapega ◽  
L. V. Butakova ◽  
V. P. Molochniy ◽  
T. V. Chepel
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enterovirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Far East

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scholarly journals THE ROLE OF GATA3, FOXA1, ELF5 TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
D. V. Vasilchenko ◽  
N. V. Krakhmal ◽  
S. V. Vtorushin ◽  
M. V. Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Comparison

Purpose of the study: to review available data on the role and significance of GATA3, FOXA1 and ELF5 transcription factors in the pathogenesis, progression and therapy resistance of breast cancer.Material and Methods. The Medline and PubMed databases were used to identify all studies that evaluated the structure, functional parameters and participation of the studied transcription factors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. More than 180 publications were analyzed, of which 76 were included into the review.Results. The review shows that molecular genetic studies in relation to transcription factors and subsequent comparison of the obtained results with various clinical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer are of great importance. The review also demonstrates the inconsistency of the available data regarding clinical significance in assessing the prognosis of the disease and the sensitivity of the tumor to hormone therapy.Conclusion. The study of the expression parameters of GATA3, FOXA1, and ELF5 transcription factors, as well as their relationship with tumor progression mechanisms will increase the reliability of immunomorphological studies, most likely suggesting the efficiency of hormone therapy. Therefore, the results of this study can help to plan adequate treatment tactics and predict outcomes in patients with breast cancer. 

scholarly journals Molecular genetic classification of colorectal cancer subtypes: current state of the problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
O. I. Kit ◽  
E. A. Dzhenkova ◽  
E. A. Mirzoyan ◽  
Yu. A. Gevorkyan ◽  
A. B. Sagakyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Today, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and therefore an urgent problem of oncology. Despite all modern diagnostic capabilities, the rates of advanced cases are growing steadily. CRC was proven to be a result of a phased dysplastic change in the colon mucosa, molecular genetic changes that determine the molecular biology of the tumor, its properties, morphology, disease prognosis and response to therapy. The following mechanisms of CRC tumor progression are distinguished: chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, "methylator" phenotype, and serrated pathway of adenocarcinoma development. Application of molecular and diagnostic methods has become a promising direction in recent years. This led to the development of a molecular genetic classifi cation with 4 CRC subtypes differing not only in their molecular genetic characteristics, but also in clinical course and response to therapy.

Genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) evaluated by hybridization with ribosomal DNA: implications for cultivar identification and breeding

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. F. WARPEHA ◽  
I. CAPESIUS ◽  
T. J. GILLILAND
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Potential Use

To date, little molecular genetic research has been conducted in Lolium and the current study is the first investigation of diversity in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) among perennial ryegrass cultivars. Ribosomal DNA probes derived from the intergenic spacer (IGS–M) and transcribed (COD–M) regions of mustard (Sinapis alba) were used to examine 35 perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.) cultivars for genetic diversity using RFLP methodology. Analysis of digested genomic DNA on Southern blots revealed only 10 cultivars with unique RFLP patterns. Genetic diversity was exclusively associated with the IGS–M probe, as the cultivars were all indistinguishable when examined with the COD–M probe. This low incidence of distinctions was not expected, given that the 35 cultivars were known genetically distinct entities, representing the very wide range of the major phenotypic and physiological characteristics present in commercial stocks. Furthermore, the forage cultivars were proportionately less polymorphic in comparison to the amenity cultivars. This was also unexpected as amenity cultivars are recognized as a more closely clustered group than the forage cultivars, based on morphological characteristics. The potential use of rDNA for assessing cultivar diversity and breeding histories in perennial ryegrass is considered.

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