Genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) evaluated by hybridization with ribosomal DNA: implications for cultivar identification and breeding

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. F. WARPEHA ◽  
I. CAPESIUS ◽  
T. J. GILLILAND
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Potential Use

To date, little molecular genetic research has been conducted in Lolium and the current study is the first investigation of diversity in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) among perennial ryegrass cultivars. Ribosomal DNA probes derived from the intergenic spacer (IGS–M) and transcribed (COD–M) regions of mustard (Sinapis alba) were used to examine 35 perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.) cultivars for genetic diversity using RFLP methodology. Analysis of digested genomic DNA on Southern blots revealed only 10 cultivars with unique RFLP patterns. Genetic diversity was exclusively associated with the IGS–M probe, as the cultivars were all indistinguishable when examined with the COD–M probe. This low incidence of distinctions was not expected, given that the 35 cultivars were known genetically distinct entities, representing the very wide range of the major phenotypic and physiological characteristics present in commercial stocks. Furthermore, the forage cultivars were proportionately less polymorphic in comparison to the amenity cultivars. This was also unexpected as amenity cultivars are recognized as a more closely clustered group than the forage cultivars, based on morphological characteristics. The potential use of rDNA for assessing cultivar diversity and breeding histories in perennial ryegrass is considered.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the amphibians in the Volga, Don River basins and adjacent territories (Russia): research in 1996-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ruchin ◽  
Oleg Artaev ◽  
Elvira Sharapova ◽  
Oleg Ermakov ◽  
Renat Zamaletdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Don River ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Living Organisms

Knowledge about the distribution of living organisms on Earth is very important for many areas of biological science and understanding of the surrounding world. However, much of the existing distributional data are scattered throughout a multitude of sources, such as taxonomic publications, checklists and natural history collections and often, bringing them together is difficult. A very successful attempt to solve this problem is the GBIF project, which allows a huge number of researchers to publish data in one place in a single standard. Our dataset represents a significant addition to the occurrences of amphibians in the Volga, Don riverine basins and adjacent territories. The dataset contains up-to-date information on amphibian occurrences in the Volga river basin and adjacent territories, located for the most part on the Russian plain of European Russia. The dataset is based on our own studies that were conducted in the years 1996-2020. The dataset consists of 5,030 incident records, all linked to geographical coordinates. A total of 13 amphibian species belonging to nine genera and six families have been registered within the studied territory, although the distribution of amphibian species in this region of Russia has not yet been fully studied. This is especially relevant with the spread of cryptic species that can only be identified using molecular genetic research methods. The main purpose of publishing a database is to make our data available in the global biodiversity system to a wide range of users. The data can be used by researchers, as well as helping the authorities to manage their territory more efficiently. All occurrences are published in GBIF for the first time. Most of the data are stored in field diaries and we would like to make it available to everyone by adding it in the global biodiversity database (GBIF).

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of The Tidal Swamp Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm of The South Kalimantan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dindin H. Mursyidin ◽  
Purnomo Purnomo ◽  
Issirep Sumardi ◽  
Budi S. Daryono
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
The South ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Wide Range

Tidal swamp rice has long been cultivated by the local people of the South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This germplasm possess some important traits for adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a total of sixteen cultivars of this germplasm, consisting of fifteen of the South Kalimantan Province and one of Sumatera Island, Indonesia (an outgroup) were analyzed, phylogenetically based on the chloroplast trnL-F and nuclear intergenic spacer region (IGS). The results showed that this germplasm has a relatively more extraordinary genetic diversity than other local rice germplasm. In a nucleotide level, this germplasm showed a genetic diversity of 0.61 for nuclear IGS and 0.58 for trnL-F. The phylogenetic reconstruction also exhibited that this germplasm has the unique illustration of phylogenetic trees, particularly for the combined sequence datasets. Thus, the results of our study would provide useful information for further understanding of evolutionary relationships of this germplasm and facilitate the efficient utilization of valuable genes for genetic improvement, particularly in the tidal swamp areas.

scholarly journals Morphological feature of Picipes (Polyporus) rhizophilus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00093
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Vlasenko ◽  
Dejidmaa Turmunkh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Morphological Research

Based on morphological research methods, the morphological characteristics of a rare species of polyporoid fungi – Polyporus rhizophilus, adapted to live as a parasite of grasses in steppe communities of subarid and arid regions, were evaluated. Morphological structures of fruiting bodies of fungi are subject to variability, which may be due to the influence of environmental factors and the specifics of the substrate on which the fruiting bodies of fungi develop. The appearance of identical morphological features in different phylogenetic groups is adaptive convergent. In this regard, molecular genetic research is a necessary condition for distinguishing taxa and clarifying their phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of morphology of endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of O.K. Khmelnitsky)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-586
Author(s):  
E M Nepomnyashchaya ◽  
T I Moiseenko ◽  
V S Trifanov
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Genetic Changes

November 4, 2020, marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Oleg Konstantinovich Khmelnitskiy, an outstanding Russian pathologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (04.11.192008.02.2004). The creative legacy of O.K. Khmelnitskiy has a large number of works devoted to endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Modern concepts of these tumors take a lot from the scientists ideas. The development of the classification of endometrioid carcinomas is determined by new data in molecular genetic research. The most common genetic changes in endometrioid adenocarcinomas involve mutations in the PTEN, KRAS, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and MS1 genes. Serous carcinomas are characterized by TP53 mutations and HER2-neu gene amplification. The immunohistochemical panel allows differentiation of endometrioid and serous carcinomas. There is evidence of the role of the POLE gene mutation. Various advantages of the introduction of molecular genetic classification are presented, which allow changing approaches to the treatment of endometrial cancer depending on the risk of its development. The 2019 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) classification allows interpreting morphological characteristics of these tumors in a new way.

scholarly journals Ecological aspects and genetic diversity of Shorea balangeran in two forest types of Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
FITRI INDRIANI ◽  
ULFAH J SIREGAR ◽  
DEDEN D MATRA ◽  
ISKANDAR Z SIREGAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Indriani F, Siregar U, Matra DD, Siregar IZ. 2019. Ecological aspects and genetic diversity of Shorea balangeran in two forest types of Muara Kendawang Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 482-488. Shorea balangeran (balangeran) belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family that is distributed naturally in Indonesia with a wide range of ecological conditions including peat swamp and heath forests. Good adaptability of S. balangeran remains unknown concerning molecular (genetic) responses that are important to provide scientific knowledge for supporting forest restoration, especially for peatland restoration efforts. The main objective of this research was to analyze the ecological aspects and genetic diversity of S. balangeran in two types of forests, namely: peat forests (wetland) and heath forests (dry land). Field research was conducted in Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan following standard vegetation analysis by establishing purposively sample plots (50 m x 50 m). Genetic diversity was assessed by RAPD analysis using ten random polymorphic primers. Results showed that both in heath and peat forests, S. balangeran was dominant, but only at pole and tree stages indicating that poor regeneration capacity of S. balangeran. This finding also confirmed the critically endangered status of S. balangeran as listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Genetic analysis using RAPD did not show a clustering of S. balangeran between peat forest and heath forest populations, indicating that S. balangeran has good adaptability to grow in both forest types.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of 88 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh A. Honig ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an important facultative apomictic temperate perennial grass species used for both forage and cultivated turf. Through apomixis, this species is able to propagate diverse and odd ploidy levels, resulting in many genetically distinct phenotypes. A wide range of diverse cultivars and accessions of kentucky bluegrass have been previously characterized based on common turf performance or morphological characteristics as well as by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Although previous characterization efforts have provided valuable information, the use of both morphological characteristics and RAPD markers for genetic diversity analysis has limitations. In the current report, we developed and characterized 88 novel microsatellite markers for kentucky bluegrass. Polymorphism for each marker was assessed in 265 kentucky bluegrass cultivars, experimental selections, collections, and hybrids. The number of alleles for individual microsatellites ranged from four to 81 with an average of 38.3 alleles per simple sequence repeat. These polymorphic microsatellite markers would be useful tools for investigating genetic diversity, creation of genetic linkage maps, assessment of levels of apomixis in cultivars and experimental varieties, and identification of aberrant progeny in apomictic kentucky bluegrass breeding programs.

Molecular genetic research on IQ: can it be done? Should it be done?

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Daniels ◽  
Peter McGuffin ◽  
Mike Owen
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Religious Denomination ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Single Gene Disorders ◽  
Wide Range

An obvious requirement before embarking on molecular genetic investigation of a trait is prior evidence from ‘classic’ genetic studies that there is indeed a genetic component. Many behavioural traits are familial and these range from comparatively uncommon single gene disorders such as Huntington's disease which has a typical mendelian dominant pattern of transmission, to much commoner characteristics such as career choice or religious denomination which, it might be assumed, are heavily influenced by cultural factors. In between, there is a wide range of attributes including personality type, cognitive ability and liability to common disorders such as depression, that show a tendency to run in families, and which could conceivably be explained by shared genes, shared environment or a combination of the two.

Genetic diversity in Canadian Hardwoods: Implications for conservation

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
John MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Efficient Gene ◽  
Forest Regions

Hardwoods are diverse, and they are important components in several forest regions of Canada. Yet low demand from the pulp and paper sector, abundant natural regeneration for several species, and high costs associated with seedling production and plantation establishment have restrained industries and governments from investing intensively into basic biological and genetic research of hardwoods. Recently, new interests have emerged for the utilization and conservation of hardwood species. To devise efficient gene conservation and breeding strategies for hardwoods, knowledge is needed about their genetic structure, genecology, and mating systems. Here we review information on the organization of genetic diversity in the few Canadian hardwood species that have been studied. Results derived from analyses of quantitative characters showed extensive genetic variation among populations and among individuals within populations in all species. Genetic variation among populations was found to be associated with environmental factors, especially for adaptive traits. Levels of genetic diversity were also found high in allozyme genetic markers. The application of molecular genetic markers at the DNA level in monitoring genetic diversity of hardwoods is also discussed. Information available regarding genetic diversity of Canadian hardwoods is insufficient to design efficient gene conservation strategies. Several programs investigating genetic diversity of hardwoods have been initiated in Canada, and should yield urgently needed data.

scholarly journals High Connectivity Among Synedrella nodiflora Populations in Java Island Based on Intergenic Spacer atpB-rbcL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Hery Susanto ◽  
Agus Nuryanto ◽  
Budi Setiadi Daryono
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Ecosystem Condition ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn has taxonomically been the only species of genus Synedrella, which spreads over many tropical countries. In spite of its wide range of distribution, the genus remains monospecific. This leads to assumption of the very low genetic diversity among S. nodiflora populations worldwide. It may also be the case in Java Island, though rapid changes in ecosystem condition occurs. Here we report our study on S. nodiflora population genetics in Java Island using intergenic spacer (IGS) atpB –  rbcL as a molecular marker, since it has been well known as one of the most variable chloroplast genome regions in a wide range of plant species so far. As many as 58 individuals were collected randomly from ten different locations in the island. Based on IGS atpB – rbcL sequences of 860 bp length, only two haplotypes were observed. Both show only one polymorphic site (0.12%) and one transversion, where T is substituted by G at position 790, indicating that high connectivity among populations of S. nodiflora in Java Island is observed. This results in a low genetic differences among the populations, which at the same time provides a fact of nearly no variation among the IGS atpB – rbcL sequences.

scholarly journals Diversity of Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Composition in Backcross Progenies of Brassica Rapa L. × Eruca Vesicaria (L.) Cav. Hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Kaminishi ◽  
Fumika Miyohashi ◽  
Nobuhiro Kita
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Breeding at both interspecific and intergeneric levels is an effective method for expanding genetic variation of cruciferous crops; however, few commercially accepted varieties have been released because of difficulties in generating fertile progenies. We employed backcross strategy to introduce Eruca vesicaria-specific characteristics into Brassica rapa and successfully obtained four BC1F1 lines that showed a wide range of diversity of morphological traits and glucosinolate (GSL) composition. Thus, leaf shape, anthocyanin coloration, glucoraphanin content, and red petal veins were found to be inherited mainly from E. vesicaria, though most of the morphological characteristics and GSL composition were inherited from intergeneric F1 plants. Since all BC1F1 lines showed post-fertilization barriers, backcrossing with B. rapa was performed and BC2F1 progenies were successfully obtained, which showed diverse morphological characteristics and GSL composition as well as higher regeneration potential. These results suggest that widening of genetic diversity of B. rapa can be achieved through successive reciprocal backcrossing of B. rapa × E. vesicaria hybrids with B. rapa.

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