scholarly journals Progressing radiation injury of the rectum. Clinical observation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
T. E. Skvortsova ◽  
I. А. Oganezova
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Radiation Injuries ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Chronic Radiation ◽  
Progressive Course

Radiation damage to the rectum is the most common complication in radiation therapy of malignancies of pelvic organs. Clinical manifestations of chronic radiation proctitis can occur both 3 months after completion of therapy and decades later. Late radiation injuries to the intestine often has a persistent course, drug treatment is prolonged and repeated, in severe cases surgical treatment is required. The article presents literature data on pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnostics and possibilities of treating this pathology. A clinical case reflecting the progressive course of the disease is described.

scholarly journals Principles of treatment of late rectal radiation damage in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V. V. Pasov ◽  
V. A. Korotkov ◽  
M. R. Kasymov ◽  
L. V. Aferkina ◽  
N. Р. Naumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Radiation Injuries ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures

Malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs in the structure of cancer incidence make up about 30 % of the adult population of our country. The widespread use of radiation therapy, unfortunately, has also increased the frequency of radiation damage to the pelvic organs, which, as a rule, take a chronic course. Late radiation damage to the pelvic organs is a fairly common complication of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. According to various authors, the frequency of such iatrogenic pathological changes is up to 25 %. In fact, some patients who are cured of a malignant neoplasm acquire a new disease that significantly reduces the quality of life and requires treatment. During radiation therapy of prostate cancer, various anatomical formations can fall into the zone of radiation fields: the bladder, rectum, intra-pelvic tissue, neurovascular bundles and pelvic bones. It should be noted that isolated lesions of one organ are rare and in most cases they are combined. A special place in clinical practice is occupied by cases of local radiation injuries of the rectum, including severe complications of radiation and combined treatment associated with the formation of fistulas against the background of radiation-induced  intra-pelvic fibrosis in the absence of a relapse of the underlying disease. In addition, this situation is associated with a violation of the psycho-emotional status of patients, a sharp decrease in the quality of life, difficulties in social adaptation in society and family, pain syndrome, and problems of medical rehabilitation. Unfortunately, conservative measures for such local radiation injuries are not always effective, and the results of surgical interventions are far from ambiguous and require careful study of patients, search for an algorithm of indications and acceptable standardization of surgical manipulations.  This paper presents the basic principles of diagnosis, comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation of patients with late radiation rectitis, depending on the severity of the pathological process. Given the growth of malignant neoplasms  of the pelvic organs, we can assume a relative increase in the number of patients with complications associated with radiation therapy, which require rehabilitation measures. Such patients come to the attention of oncologists, radiologists, coloproctologists, gastroenterologists and therapists, etc. Currently, our country lacks a network of specialized regional departments that deal with this problem, as well as treatment standards, clinical recommendations, and  an algorithm for diagnostic and rehabilitation measures for local radiation injuries. In connection with the above, it became necessary to summarize the data of clinical studies based on their own experience. 

scholarly journals Hamman–Rich syndrome in a young child

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
T. A. Minenkova ◽  
Yu. L. Mizernitsky ◽  
N. S. Razinkova ◽  
A. V. Serezhkina ◽  
M. V. Kostyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fibrosing Alveolitis ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Progressive Course

Hamman–Rich syndrome (idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis) is a lung disease of unknown nature, characterized by non-infectious inflammation of the interstitium, alveoli and terminal bronchioles with an outcome in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis in young children, despite the timely verification of the diagnosis and therapy, is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and rapidly progressive course. The article describes the clinical case of Hamman–Rich syndrome in a child of 8 months, its main clinical manifestations and diagnostic features.

scholarly journals Listeriosis: the review of a problem, presentation of a clinical case of listeria sepsis in a 4-month child

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
L.P. Shostakovych-Koretskaya ◽  
I.V. Budayeva ◽  
M.A. Nikolaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Problem Presentation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Course

Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes microorganisms. A human can catch an infection through fecal-oral, aerogenous, or transplacental route. The listeriosis incidence in Ukraine is sporadic, single cases are not related to each other. Listeriosis is characterized by a high rate of mortality and polymorphism of clinical manifestations. The symptoms of the disease are multiple-organ: damage to the central nervous system, septic symptoms, aborts, mastitis; listeriosis can also be subclinical. The disorders of the central nervous system are associated with meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or brain abscess. The importance of the problem of diagnosis and treatment of listeriosis derived from the disease sporadicity, polymorphism of its manifestations, difficulties in etiological verification of the diagnosis. The case described is specific due to the diagnostic mistake: a child was not diagnosed with sepsis. Listeriosis in this child had a progressive course with sepsis development. Listeriosis is a rare infection, therefore it was difficult to suggest this particular infection intra vitam.

scholarly journals Clinical observation of severe novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 that complicated the postpartum period in puerpera after caesarean section

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
L. I. Maltseva ◽  
E. Iu. Iupatov ◽  
R. S. Zamaleeva ◽  
I. F. Fatkullin ◽  
A. Zh. Bayalieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Puerperal Woman ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The article presents a clinical case of a severe course of a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) that complicated the postpartum period in a patient who underwent cesarean section and resulted in lethal outcome on day 43 after delivery. This observation demonstrates the variety of clinical manifestations of a novel coronavirus infection, masking a severe systemic intravascular catastrophe in a puerperal woman.

scholarly journals Pelvic floor reconstruction after total exenteration for radiation injuries of the pelvic organs (clinical case)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
V. A. Korotkov ◽  
L. O. Petrov ◽  
M. R. Kasymov, ◽  
V. V. Pasov ◽  
L. V. Aferkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Rectus Abdominis Muscle ◽  
Pelvic Floor Reconstruction ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Epigastric Artery ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Uterine Body

The objective is to present the clinical case of pelvic floor reconstruction after total exenteration.Clinical case. The formation of the combined fistula after surgical treatment and combined radiation therapy for uterine body cancer is presented in female patient (57 years old). The rectum and bladder were removed, the perineal tissue was excised and a vulvectomy was performed. The rectus abdominis muscle was mobilized with epigastric artery and moved to the perineum. The wound was healed by primary tension. The patient lives a full life, adapted, and does not require analgesic therapy.Conclusion. The treatment and diagnosis tactics for regional combined fistulas are not standardized, and surgical treatment is the method of choice, especially in cases where the patient has already had radiation therapy for malignancy and relapse.

scholarly journals Clinical observation of a patient with TMEM127 and EGLN1 gene variants, pheochromocytoma and pancreatic tumor

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Yukina ◽  
V. R. Mustafina ◽  
E. V. Vasilyev ◽  
E. A. Troshina ◽  
N. M. Platonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pancreatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Oncosuppressor Genes

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma is a neuroendocrine tumor of chromaffin and nonchromaffin cells of the autonomic nervous system, in most cases localized in the medullary layer of the adrenal gland. Its development is often associated with genetic predisposition. More than 30% of adult patients have genetically determined PCC/PG. In the last decade, many genes predisposing to the manifestation of PCC/PG have been found: RET, VHL, NF1, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHA, SDHAF2, TMEM127, MAH, KIF1BP, PHD2, EGLN1, FH, H-RAS, IDH, SLC25A11, MDH2. Mutation of the oncosuppressor genes TMEM127 and EGLN1, which regulate the level of factors induced by HIF hypoxia, is extremely rare in patients with PCC/PG, and has not been described at all in combination with pancreatic tumor. To date, data on the clinical manifestations of these gene mutations are limited. Accumulating clinical data on patients with identified genetic alterations is important for predicting the course of the disease, clarifying the malignant potential and stratifying the risk of developing comorbid pathology. We present the clinical case of a 62-year-old patient with PCC/PG and pancreatic tumor in whom a previously undescribed combination of TMEM127 c.99G > A (p.S33S) and EGLN1 c.515C > T (p.A172V) gene variants was found.

scholarly journals Сardiovascular autonomic neuropathy as a diabetes complication

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002
Author(s):  
I A Latfullin ◽  
Z F Kim ◽  
M A Mingazetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetes Complication ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Biventricular Failure ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Work Up

The article deals with one of the possible complications of diabetes mellitus - cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy as a variant of diabetic neuropathy. The basic pathogenic mechanisms of development of this condition and clinical manifestations depending on the patient’s age, duration and degree of diabetes compensation, are described. Diagnostic criteria for heart involvement in diabetes mellitus are discussed in detail, from asymptomatic course to sudden patient’s death, from instrumental findings to acute biventricular failure development. The main findings from patient’s work-up (ECG, echocardiography) are named. The principles of prevention and treatment of heart disease in diabetes mellitus are provided. Theory is accompanied by our own clinical observation and is illustrated with ECG. In the clinical case tactics of treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiopathy are suggested.

Clinical case of periostitis in pregnant women complicated by sepsis

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Kakvaeva ◽  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
A. N. Dzhalilova
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Number Of Patients

One of the most serious problems of modern medicine is sepsis. The number of patients undergoing this complication is 20–30 million (WHO) annually and has no tendency to decrease. Sepsis is characterized by severe multiple organ failure due to a violation of the response of the macroorganism to an infectious agent. Moreover, it is dangerous with high mortality. Sepsis often develops in patients with immunodeficiency conditions, which primarily include pregnant women. The article presents a clinical observation of a case of periostitis in a pregnant woman complicated by a septic state.

Clinical case of lung lesions in patient with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
T. N. Gavva ◽  
L. V. Kuzmenkova ◽  
Yu. N. Fedulaev ◽  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
D. D. Kaminer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Clinical Interest

A case of lung damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a 33-year-old woman is described. This case is of clinical interest due to the complexity of diagnosis due to the fact that SLE is a disease with diverse clinical manifestations involving many organs and systems, which often makes it difficult to timely recognize the onset of the disease. SLE still remains a challenge and requires special attention to the patient s history, clinical and laboratory parameters of the patient, as well as specific immunological examinations.

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