scholarly journals Current international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Aelita A. Kamalova ◽  
Ilmira M. Urazmanova ◽  
Ramilya F. Khayretdinova ◽  
Asilya N. Badretdinova
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Instrumental Methods

The article presents current data on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children. Over the past 10-15 years, the incidence of pancreatitis has increased and is 3.6-13.3 cases per 100,000 children. According to the results of an international study INSPPIRE a group of researchers involving in to the study of pediatric pancreatitis gave a definition of acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis and developed clinical guidelines for the management of this pathology in children. Acute pancreatitis is a polyetiological disease, the causes of which may be abnormalities in the development of the pancreatobiliary system, drugs, injuries, infections, systemic diseases. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and laboratory and instrumental data. Clinically acute pancreatitis is manifested by abdominal, dyspeptic and asthenic syndromes. Particular attention is paid to the timely diagnosis of pancreatitis in children with unexplained abdominal pain syndrome. In such cases, it is mandatory to determine the level of amylase and lipase. Transabdominal ultrasound is the screening method among instrumental methods. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are necessary imaging techniques for suspected pancreatic necrosis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, in turn, plays an important role in the diagnosis of anomalies and lesions of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. There are modern classification, diagnostic criteria of acute pancreatitis, laboratory and instrumental methods of the diagnosis and approaches to the treatment in children in the article.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of tarsal coalitions

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
O.A. Turchin ◽  
V.M. Piatkovskiy ◽  
T.M. Omelchenko ◽  
A.P. Liabakh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Lack Of Physicians ◽  
History Of

Tarsal coalitions (TC) are congenital abnormal connections of the rearfoot bones. They occur in 1 to 13 % of all population. The article deals with the features of clinical and instrumental diagnosis of TC according to the literature. The main clinical manifestations are pain syndrome in the subtalar area, rigid flat foot; peroneal spastic flat foot is possible. Radiographic imaging of TC includes direct and indirect signs. To verify bone coalition, computed tomo-graphy is indicated, in cases of cartilaginous and fibrous — magnetic resonance imaging. Despite the long history of studying the problem, the diagnosis of TC remains a live issue today. Difficulties in diagnosing this pathology are due to the lack of physicians’ awareness of the clinical and radiographic picture of TC. Classical orthopedic exa-mination and suspicion of possible TC will allow detecting pathology in time and avoiding inappropriate treatment. The use of modern imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, helps increase the accuracy of TC diagnosis.

Pain in dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
T. M. Manevich ◽  
E. A. Mkhitaryan
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain

Increasing life expectancy of the world’s population is accompanied by increasing number of elderly patients with dementia. According to various studies, the prevalence of pain syndrome in elderly patients with dementia ranges from 35.3% to 63.5%. The review represents data on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment of pain syndrome in patients with dementia. Medicinal and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief are discussed.

scholarly journals Uterine leiomyoma: modern aspects of clinic, diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
О.V. Golyanovskiy ◽  
O.Yu. Kachur ◽  
M.А. Budchenko ◽  
K.V. Supruniuk ◽  
S.V. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Gynecological Examination

According to the WHO, neoplastic processes of the uterus remain one of the important and relevant areas of modern gynecology. Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most common tumors of the female reproductive system. According to the latest data, every 4–5th woman in the world is diagnosed with leiomyoma, the incidence of which under the age of 35 reaches 50%, and according to autopsy data reaches 80%.The article provides a review of the scientific publications in recent years devoted to the study of the problem of uterine fibroids – relevance, causes and mechanisms of development, provides a classification, clinical manifestations, modern diagnostics and management tactics.The etiological factors of leiomyoma are numerous, there is no a single theory of the disease. Among the pathogenetic factors of leiomyoma are hormonal disorders, genetic components, infections, injuries. There are several classifications of leiomyoma, the most common classification was proposed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, which reflects the types of leiomatous nodes depending on their location and relationship to the uterine cavity and myometrium.Clinical manifestations of uterine fibroids range from asymptomatic to painful sighns and hemorrhagic syndromes, symptoms of compression of adjacent organs, the development of uterine bleeding, which lead to severe anemia. The nature of clinical features significantly depend on the localization of the leiomyoma nodes in the uterine body and their relationship to the uterine cavity (submucosal, intramural, subserous), as well as their number, size and blood supply.Modern diagnosis of leiomyoma is based on anamnesis, bimanual gynecological examination, ultrasound examination, and in some cases – magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography examinations, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Today, the main methods of treatment of leiomyoma are conservative, surgical and radiological methods (uterine artery embolization, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound).In addition to the listed modern aspects of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of uterine leiomyoma, the article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures to reduce the incidence of this gynecological pathology.

Conventional and Arthrographic Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Hip Evaluation: What the Radiologist Should Know

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 227-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmaranzer ◽  
Luis Cerezal ◽  
Eva Llopis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractOver the last 2 decades, the definition of pathomechanical concepts that link osseous deformities to chondrolabral damage and expose young and active patients to the risk of early osteoarthritis has led to a tremendous increase in the number of joint-preserving surgeries performed. The rise in arthroscopic procedures has led to an increasing demand for comprehensive preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of the hip joint. This includes conventional MRI for the assessment of extra-articular and periarticular pathologies such as greater trochanteric pain, deep gluteal pain syndrome, and sports injuries. Magnetic resonance arthrography with or without traction is reserved for the accurate evaluation of deformities associated with impingement and hip instability and for detecting the resulting intra-articular lesions. This article summarizes the current standard imaging techniques that the radiologist should know. It also explores the potential of computer-assisted analysis of three-dimensional MRI for virtual impingement simulation and volumetric analysis of cartilage composition and geometry.

The history of paediatric cardiology on stamps

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hazım A. Gursu ◽  
Ibrahim I. Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Made In

AbstractPaediatric cardiology is arguably the sub-specialty in which the greatest advances have been made in both disease diagnosis and treatment over the past half a century. Paediatric cardiology emerged as a discipline in the 1930s. Since then, advances in imaging techniques such as echocardiography, angiography, CT, or magnetic resonance and extracorporeal circulation have provided excellent diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The pioneers of paediatric cardiology are more than eponyms, for each used in new and original ways the tools and concepts available in his or her era. This brief overview of the history of paediatric cardiology on stamps begins from William Harvey up to our own time, and includes the milestones in paediatric cardiology.

Combined minimaly invasive surgery of pancreaticolithiasis in combination with congenital stricture of the terminal sections of the pancreatic ducts

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Mikhail P. Korolev ◽  
Leonid E. Fedotov ◽  
Ruben G. Avanesyan ◽  
Elena A. Mikhailova ◽  
Georgiy M. Lepekhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Percutaneous Access ◽  
Joint Application

Chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic hypertension is extremely rare in childhood. Chronic pancreatitis in this age is usually always associated with a сongenital defect of the pancreatic duct system. The article describes the case of long-term clinical observation and minimally invasive treatment of chronic calculous pancreatitis, first diagnosed in a girl at the age of 16 years. Despite the fact that clinical manifestations were observed from the age of 3 years, the correct diagnosis could be made only at the age of 16, by joint application of ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The cause of chronic pancreatitis were concrements and strictures of the main and additional pancreatic ducts that caused pancreatic hypertension. Attempt of endoscopic retrograde lithoextraction from the pancreatic ducts was impossible because of the presence of severe stricture. Therefore, it was decided to apply a combined approach using percutaneous access under ultrasound navigation. The patient underwent series of minimally invasive combined procedures including the lithoextraction, balloon dilatation and transcutaneous drainage of the pancreatic ducts with the endoscopic and percutaneous access with ultrasound and radiologic control. For the prevention of restenosis, the antegrade stenting of the main pancreatic duct with self-expanding coated nitinol stent was used with further removal of the stent. Due to the treatment, there was no pancreatitis within 5 years after stent removal.

scholarly journals The results of surgical treatment of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy, caused by paraarticular and disc cysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M N Kravtsov ◽  
D V Pomet'ko ◽  
V I Leonov ◽  
B V Gaydar ◽  
D V Svistov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hospitalization Period

The results of the conservative and surgical treatment of 12 patients at the Neurosurgery Clinic of the Military medical academy. CM. Kirov, in the period 2016-2018, about the paraarticular and disc cysts of the lumbar spine. Performed open microsurgical and full-endoscopic operational aids. Evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical treatment was carried out using the subjective assessment scale and magnetic resonance imaging over time. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 24 months. Most often, extradural cysts were located at the level of the LIV-LV segment. Clinical manifestations were characterized by radiculopathy and local back pain. The average duration of pain syndrome was 3±0,7 months. Conservative treatment led to a regression of pain and resorption of a disk cyst in one patient. In other cases, surgical treatment was required. The average duration of a microsurgical operation was 131,6±73,4 minutes, video endoscopic - 80±10,8 minutes. The hospitalization period in the group of microsurgical treatment was 10,4 days, in the group of video endoscopy - 4,7 days. Control magnetic resonance imaging revealed the recurrence of paraarticular cysts in the area of the previous operation in 3 patients. Relapse in patients with disc cysts is not marked. Necessity in repeated operations did not arise in one supervision. It has been established that the main clinical manifestations of extradural cysts of the lumbar spine are local moderate pain, radiculopathy, and intermittent claudication. Microsurgical and percutaneous video endoscopic treatment of lumboischialgia due to extradural cysts is significantly more effective compared with conservative therapy. Full-endoscopic interventions in comparison with microsurgical ones are less invasive and long-lasting and can reduce the time of inpatient treatment.

scholarly journals New ideas about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, the role of metabolic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Open Label ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of

The article highlights the current data on the prevalence and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), presents a new definition of the disease, research results on the heterogeneity of OA, its relationship with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is one of the main factors in the development and more rapid progression of OA, and the presence of metabolic syndrome not only increases the risk of developing the disease, but also determines its severity. It is noted that with an increase of the components of the metabolic syndrome, the severity of OA increases. Therefore, hyperuricemia is associated with the presence of osteophytes and the progression of osteoarthritis, hyperglycemia - with the severity of the clinical manifestations and radiological progression. Much attention is given to the treatment of patients with OA and The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) recommendations for the treatment of knee joints OA updated in 2019. In which for the first time a symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs) are assigned as the basis in the treatment of OA. The data on the effectiveness of some drugs from this group are presented. The glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex, which contains pharmacologically high-quality chondroitin sulfate when administered intramuscularly, has a significant effect on the symptoms, and in case of continued use, slows the progression of OA. The multicenter open-label prospective study of diacerein in patients with knee-joint OA combined with metabolic syndrome showed that during therapy pain syndrome and stiffness are reduced, and functional condition of the joints and quality of life of patients improves quickly and significantly. In addition, the positive effect of the drug on some components of the metabolic syndrome was demonstrated: a significant decrease in body mass index, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose and uric acid.

scholarly journals Ectopic pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
I. V. Gadayeva ◽  
I. D. Khokhlova ◽  
T. A. Dzhibladze
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Tubal Pregnancy ◽  
Abdominal Bleeding ◽  
Intraperitoneal Bleeding ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of emergency conditions in gynecology. The main clinical manifestations of ectopic pregnancy, in the background of signs of pregnancy, are the menstrual irregularities, delayed menstruation, spotting (the most classic clinical picture), pain syndrome (with and without irradiation to the rectum, thigh) of varying intensity (depending on the type of the ectopic pregnancy), signs of intra-abdominal bleeding. The key to successful treatment is timely diagnosis and qualified, adequate medical care. The main laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing the ectopic pregnancy are the determination of the -subunit of hCG in blood serum (diagnostic accuracy of 85%) and ultrasound (diagnostic accuracy of 78100%). The treatment of ectopic pregnancy is surgical, the laparoscopic access is preferred. Laparotomy access is indicated for severe adhesions, hemorrhagic shock caused by significant intraperitoneal bleeding. The surgical intervention during tubal pregnancy is tubectomy. Tubotomy (retention of the fallopian tube) is irrational, since the operated fallopian tube causes a recurrence of tubal pregnancy.

scholarly journals De Quervain’s disease (etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment). Part II

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
A. V Novikov ◽  
M. A Shchedrina ◽  
S. V Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
De Quervain’S Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Instrumental Methods

De Quervain’s disease, despite its low prevalence, is accompanied by pain syndrome, dysfunction and a decrease in the strength of the hand. This leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life of the patient, disruption of his work and daily activities. Patients with de Quervain’s disease, make up a significant part of those who turn to orthopedists, surgeons, rehabilitation doctors. However, the individual features of the structure of the first back canal of each person, formed in the process of phylogenesis, the lack of data on the exact cause of the disease cause the complexity of diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In the first part of the lecture, devoted to de Quervain’s disease, modern literature data concerning the features of the anatomical structure of the first back canal, the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are summarized. It also presents a description of the clinical picture of de Quervain’s disease, tests and instrumental methods of diagnosis, the algorithm of examination of the patient with this pathology.

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