scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of flaccid palsy of the upper extremities in children first months after birth (Literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Olga E. Agranovich ◽  
Galina A. Ikoeva ◽  
Elena L. Gabbasova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Petrova ◽  
Vladimir M. Kenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Children First

This article analyzes the literature related to flaccid paresis and paralysis of the upper extremities in children during the first months of life. This pathology is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiopathogenesis. There are various courses of flaccid paresis and paralysis of the upper extremities in children: damage to the spinal cord, brachial plexus, peripheral nervous system to the level of the brachial plexus, and isolated damage to peripheral nerves. According to the time of occurrence, flaccid paresis and paralysis can be divided into three groups: antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal pathology. The main mechanism of occurrence of this pathology is intranatal trauma. More rare causes of flaccid paresis and paralysis of the upper extremities are antenatal conditions of dysplastic and traumatic origin, postnatal damage to the peripheral nervous system due to trauma or infection. Congenital contractures of the upper extremities combined with flaccid paralysis are connected with genetically determined diseases of the lower motor neurons and congenital myopathies, intrauterine injuries of the brachial plexus peripheral nerves. This article discusses the issues of topical and differential diagnosis of this pathology, the clinical picture suitable for each period of the childs life, and the prognosis of the disease. This research will be useful not only for neurologists, but also for specialists of related specialties: orthopedists, physiotherapists, and neonatologists for making correct the diagnosis, providing adequate treatment, and predicting its results.

Peripheral Nervous SystemUpper Extremity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Cervical Plexus

Chapter 3 discusses how to draw the peripheral nervous system (upper extremities), including the brachial plexus, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, and the cervical plexus.

Involvement of the brachial plexus and its branches by cystic hygromas

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Nadine Bradley ◽  
Daniel Harmon ◽  
Todd C. Hankinson ◽  
David R. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Lymphatic Malformations

Lymphatic malformations that involve the nervous system are uncommon. The authors review their experience with involvement of the brachial plexus and its branches by cystic hygromas. A retrospective review of the authors' experience with pathology of the pediatric brachial plexus revealed 4 cases involving patients with compression of this structure and its branches due to cystic hygroma. Although such cases are apparently rare, the neurosurgeon should consider malformations of the lymphatic system in the differential diagnosis of masses involving the brachial plexus and its branches.

Neurosurgery of the peripheral nervous system: entrapment syndromes of the brachial plexus

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
Roberto Pallini ◽  
Enrico Marchese ◽  
Liverana Lauretti ◽  
Paolo Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Entrapment Syndromes

Dopamine modulation of gill reflex behavior in Aplysia

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ruben ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dopamine Modulation

We have studied the effects of dopamine on the gill withdrawal reflex evoked by tactile siphon stimulation in the margine mollusc Aplysia. Physiological concentrations of dopamine (diluted in seawater) were perfused through the gill during siphon stimulation series. The amplitude of the reflex was potentiated by dopamine and habituation of the reflex was prevented. This occurred with no change in the activity evoked in central motor neurons. These results lead us to conclude that the dopaminergic motor neuron L9 is modulating habituation in the periphery and that the central nervous system facilitatory control of the peripheral nervous system may act via a dopaminergic pathway.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Osteoblastoma: A Rare Clinical Entity in the PNS Arising from Ethmoidal Sinus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Champion Venkateshalu Srinivas ◽  
Stanley Jhon ◽  
N Kailash ◽  
L Savithri ◽  
Divya Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Ethmoidal Sinus

ABSTRACT Oncogenic osteoblastoma is a rare clinical entity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Its presentation is like a nasal polyp. One should keep the diagnosis of oncogenic osteoblastoma in mind as a differential diagnosis for mass in nasal cavity. Excessive bleeding during surgery should arouse the suspicion and the pathologist has to be sounded. A preliminary biopsy of the mass is to be considered. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) should be done, if the suspicion is strong.

scholarly journals ДИНАМИКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ СТРУКТУР ПАРАНЕВРИЯ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ

Innova ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Бородина К.А. ◽  
Затолокина М.А. ◽  
Харченко В.В. ◽  
Затолокина М.А. ◽  
Мишина Е.С. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Age Related

Currently, there is a lot of literature and research that reflects data on the structure of the peripheral nervous system. However, it should be noted that the results available in the sources do not contain a full range of data on the structural features of paraneural structures and have some contradictions. In addition, data on the morphological features of the structure of the paranephrium of peripheral nerves in ontogenesis are practically absent. This was the beginning of our research, in order to obtain new, more in-depth data on the age-related variability of the peripheral nerve paraneurium.

Peripheral Nerves: Not Only Cross-sectional Area in the Era of Radiomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Alberto Stefano Tagliafico ◽  
Raquel Prada González ◽  
Federica Rossi ◽  
Bianca Bignotti ◽  
Carlo Martinoli
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractThe peripheral nervous system is increasingly being investigated using medical imaging as a complement or in association with electrodiagnostics tests. The application of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allows detailed visualization of the peripheral nervous system. According to the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology, the use of US for nerve evaluation is strongly encouraged. In addition, the role of US is further enhanced by the wide application of US-guided techniques to diagnose or to treat peripheral nerve disorders.Standard evaluation of peripheral nerves on US usually relies on cross-sectional area evaluation with different cutoff values in the osteofibrous tunnels and outside them. In several anatomical areas, side-to-side comparison is highly recommended because it helps distinguish subtle variations by using the unaffected limb as an internal control.US is widely used to perform US-guided interventional procedures on peripheral nerves. The recent development of radiomics and machine and deep learning applied to peripheral nerves may reveal new insights beyond the capabilities of the human eye. Radiomics may have a role in expanding the diagnostic capabilities of US and MRI in the study of peripheral nerve pathology, especially when the cross-sectional area is not markedly increased.

On the question of inflammation of the lumbosacral plexus

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 937-944
Author(s):  
G. V. Pervushin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Lumbosacral Plexus

Until recently, neuropathologists have been paying great attention to diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Among these diseases, there are often cases of damage to the brachial and lumbosacral plexus. Inflammations of the brachial plexus are observed more often than the lumbosacral plexus, and a number of works are devoted to their study (Dricheue, Erb, Oppenheim, Flaubert, Dejerine - Klumpke, Dejerine, Gysi, Bernehardt, Unger, Kramer, etc.). The question of inflammation of the lumbosacral plexus is poor in literature and, in our opinion, has not been sufficiently developed to date.

scholarly journals Liver X Receptors and Their Implications in the Physiology and Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4192
Author(s):  
Venkat Krishnan Sundaram ◽  
Charbel Massaad ◽  
Julien Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Recent research in the last decade has sought to explore the role and therapeutic potential of Liver X Receptors (LXRs) in the physiology and pathologies of the Peripheral Nervous System. LXRs have been shown to be important in maintaining the redox homeostasis in peripheral nerves for proper myelination, and they regulate ER stress in sensory neurons. Furthermore, LXR stimulation has a positive impact on abrogating the effects of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and obesity-induced allodynia in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This review details these findings and addresses certain important questions that are yet to be answered. The potential roles of LXRs in different cells of the PNS are speculated based on existing knowledge. The review also aims to provide important perspectives for further research in elucidating the role of LXRs and assessing the potential of LXR based therapies to combat pathologies of the Peripheral Nervous System.

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