scholarly journals Improvement of surgical treatment of patients with posttraumatic posterior-lateral instability of the knee joint

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Mark S. Tyuryupov ◽  
Ivan V. Gaivoronsky ◽  
Aleksey L. Kudyashev ◽  
Ivan S. Bazarov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Lateral Instability ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Surgical Tactics ◽  
Varus Instability

One of the most pressing and complex problems of modern orthopedics is the treatment of patients with multiligamentary knee injury. The most difficult category of patients is considered, in whom, along with rupture of one or both cruciate ligaments, damage to the ligamentous-tendon complex, which provides posterolateral stability of the knee joint, occurs. These structures, which have received the name posterolateral angle of the knee joint in the specialized scientific literature, usually include the peroneal collateral ligament, the hamstring of the popliteal muscle and the peroneal-popliteal ligament. Objective difficulties in the reconstruction of these elements are explained by the complexity of the anatomy and biomechanics of these anatomical structures, the polymorphism of their injuries, the proximity of the common peroneal nerve, as well as the shortcomings of the available plastic methods and the lack of generally accepted surgical tactics. Lack of applied precision data on the structure of the peroneal collateral ligament and the ligamentous-tendinous complex, called the postero-lateral angle of the knee joint in the specialized literature, analyzed from the standpoint of substantiating rational surgical tactics for treating patients with varus instability in combination with a large number of unsatisfactory results of their surgical treatment, determined the relevance of the topic of the chosen work (2 figures, bibliography: 17 refs).

scholarly journals Effect of Knee Joint Angle on a Heteronymous lb Reflex in the Human Lower Limb

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Brooke ◽  
W.E. Mcllroy
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Knee Joint Angle ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Group I ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT:Altered efficacy, from change in receptor discharge with different positions of the knee, was investigated in a heteronymous lb reflex of the human leg. The electrical stimulus was low threshold, to the common peroneal nerve. The divergence of the group I afferents was studied in the electromyograms (EMGs) of ipsilateral and contralateral thigh muscles. The stimulus evoked ipsilateral, short latency, excitation in the three quadriceps muscles studied and inhibition in the knee flexor semitendinosus (ST), with prior contraction of target muscles. This excitation and inhibition did not alter when studied over the range of the knee joint. The stimulus did not evoke responses in contralateral thigh muscles, contracted or relaxed. It is concluded that (1) any change in convergence from discharge of receptors, during extension of the limb, is small and sub-threshold, and (2) this spinal proprioceptive level of neural control appears to be directed primarily to the single limb.

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Common MRI Findings in Patients with Painful Knee Joint

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Meniscus Injury ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Painful Knee

Nowadays knee joint pain is a major public health issue and for an appropriate treatment option, it is important to have a clear understanding of the cause of pain as well as to identify the exact location of the pain. In the initial evaluation of acute knee pain, radiological findings help physicians in taking decisions regarding appropriate treatment. Besides conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to diagnose the reason for knee problems. This study it is tried to evaluate the common MRI findings in patients with painful knee joints. The sample population comprised 77 outpatients had an age range between 14 to 66 years, representing male 70.13% and Female 29.87%. The study shows that the maximum numbers of patients were in the 26-30 years age group, which exposed that young people are more affected with knee pain. In this study, it is found that joint effusion is the most common pathology frequently found in 59.74% of patients followed by meniscus injury 53.24%, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear 36.06%, Lateral meniscus injury 16.88%, Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear 7.8%, Bone marrow contusion 22.07%, Osteoarthritis12.98%, Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury 3.89%, Lateral collateral Ligament (LCL) 0%, Fracture 6.49%, Chondromalacia1.3%, Baker cyst 1.3%. Though knee pain can be diagnosed by other imaging modalities, MRI can often provide strong evidence to support one.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Study of the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities in the Common Dolphin, Striped Dolphin, Risso’s Dolphin, Harbour Porpoise and Pilot Whale: Reinforced with Other Diagnostic and Anatomic Techniques

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Álvaro García de los Ríos y Loshuertos ◽  
Marta Soler Laguía ◽  
Alberto Arencibia Espinosa ◽  
Francisco Martínez Gomariz ◽  
Cayetano Sánchez Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pilot Whale ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Endoscopic Study ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In this work, the fetal and newborn anatomical structures of the dolphin oropharyngeal cavities were studied. The main technique used was endoscopy, as these cavities are narrow tubular spaces and the oral cavity is difficult to photograph without moving the specimen. The endoscope was used to study the mucosal features of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Two pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes were discovered on either side of the choanae and larynx. These spaces begin close to the musculotubaric channel of the middle ear, are linked to the pterygopalatine recesses (pterygoid sinus) and they extend to the maxillopalatine fossa. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), osteological analysis, sectional anatomy, dissections, and histology were also used to better understand the function of the pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. These data were then compared with the horse’s pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. The histology revealed that a vascular plexus inside these diverticula could help to expel the air from this space to the nasopharynx. In the oral cavity, teeth remain inside the alveolus and covered by gums. The marginal papillae of the tongue differ in extension depending on the fetal specimen studied. The histology reveals that the incisive papilla is vestigial and contain abundant innervation. No ducts were observed inside lateral sublingual folds in the oral cavity proper and caruncles were not seen in the prefrenular space.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Sheep Model for Hind Limb Peripheral Nerve Injury: Common Peroneal Nerve

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Rui D. Alvites ◽  
Mariana V. Branquinho ◽  
Ana C. Sousa ◽  
Federica Zen ◽  
Monica Maurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
The Common

Thousands of people worldwide suffer from peripheral nerve injuries and must deal daily with the resulting physiological and functional deficits. Recent advances in this field are still insufficient to guarantee adequate outcomes, and the development of new and compelling therapeutic options require the use of valid preclinical models that effectively replicate the characteristics and challenges associated with these injuries in humans. In this study, we established a sheep model for common peroneal nerve injuries that can be applied in preclinical research with the advantages associated with the use of large animal models. The anatomy of the common peroneal nerve and topographically related nerves, the functional consequences of its injury and a neurological examination directed at this nerve have been described. Furthermore, the surgical protocol for accessing the common peroneal nerve, the induction of different types of nerve damage and the application of possible therapeutic options were described. Finally, a preliminary morphological and stereological study was carried out to establish control values for the healthy common peroneal nerves regarding this animal model and to identify preliminary differences between therapeutic methods. This study allowed to define the described lateral incision as the best to access the common peroneal nerve, besides establishing 12 and 24 weeks as the minimum periods to study lesions of axonotmesis and neurotmesis, respectively, in this specie. The post-mortem evaluation of the harvested nerves allowed to register stereological values for healthy common peroneal nerves to be used as controls in future studies, and to establish preliminary values associated with the therapeutic performance of the different applied options, although limited by a small sample size, thus requiring further validation studies. Finally, this study demonstrated that the sheep is a valid model of peripheral nerve injury to be used in pre-clinical and translational works and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve injury therapeutic options before its clinical application in humans and veterinary patients.

Displacement of the common peroneal nerve in posterolateral corner injuries of the knee

2005 ◽  
Vol 87-B (9) ◽  
pp. 1225-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bottomley ◽  
A. Williams ◽  
R. Birch ◽  
A. Noorani ◽  
A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Posterolateral Corner ◽  
The Common

Sensory Reinnervation of Muscles Following Nerve Section and Suture in Cats

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
R. W. BANKS ◽  
D. BARKER ◽  
H. G. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sensory Reinnervation ◽  
Tendon Organ

The common peroneal nerve was transected and repaired by epineurial suture in nine cats. In a further nine the nerve was transected twice and similarly repaired so as to produce a short autograft. Recovery of stretch receptors in peroneus brevis was monitored histologically and physiologically from six to fifty weeks. In recovery after single neurotomy functionally identifiable muscle-spindle and tendon-organ afferents were reduced to 25% and 45% of normal, respectively; after double neurotomy (autograft) both were reduced to about 10% of normal. Muscle spindles were reinnervated with annulospiral terminals, or wholly abnormal fine axon terminals, or both. Recovery evidently entails not only a reduction in number of stretch afferents, but also the making of some incorrect reconnections that presumably result in abnormal proprioceptive feedback and reflex action. When a graft is used the sensory impairment is compounded.

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