scholarly journals Material and technical base of the Chelyabinsk Region financial bodies during the Great Patriotic War

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Nikita Nikolayevich Ivlev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Performance ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

The paper describes the material and technical position of the financial bodies in the Chelyabinsk Region in 1941-1945. The author provides a structure of regional financial institutions, which included the financial departments (Financial Department of the region, city and districts), savings-banks and long-term lending banks. The paper also examines dynamics of changes in the material and technical support of the regional financial system during the war. The analysis of archival sources clearly shows that in the first years of the war the material and technical support of the regional system of financial institutions was in critical condition: there was not enough office space, transport, calculating machines and typewriters as well as other necessary equipment for the work. But with the beginning of a radical change in the lines the situation gradually began to improve. Both cash and food were increased, the situation with transport, office and accommodation space was stabilized, new equipment appeared. Despite the difficult situation, the material and technical support did not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the regional financial bodies. Financial stability was maintained both at the nationwide and regional levels. The government targets of military loans distribution were not only performed but also beaten. In total, 1,6 billion rubles were collected in the Chelyabinsk Region, which is 2% of the nationwide funds received from the distribution of the government loan. The most important indicator of the work efficiency was the qualitative performance of regional budgets.

Using Self Organizing Maps for Banking Oversight

2016 ◽  
pp. 1306-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Lopez-Iturriaga ◽  
Iván Pastor-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Visual Tool ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self Organizing

This chapter combines two methods based on neural networks (trait recognition and self-organizing maps) to develop a model of bankruptcy prediction. The authors apply the method to the Spanish savings banks, most of them rescued by the Government between 2008 and 2013 in a costly massive process. First, the authors detect the combinations of variables (performance, asset structure, and capitalization) that best describe the profile of the rescued savings banks. Then, the authors use these combinations on a yearly basis to generate bi-dimensional maps in which banks are placed according to their risk and similarities. This method provides a visual tool that can improve the oversight of policy makers on the whole financial system and enable time pertinent answers to some threatens to the country financial stability. The maps are useful means to detect and understand how the financial threats emerge over time too.

scholarly journals Pandemic COVID-19 and measures to limit its spreading in Bulgaria: aftermaths and conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Anna I. Mantarova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
It Effectiveness ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has suddenly found itself in a unique situation - the spreading of the coronavirus has caused serious consequences in all areas and at all levels of society and required a radical change in peoples lives. The purpose of this article is, after presenting and analyzing the economic and social consequences of the spreading of COVID-19 and the measures taken by the government, to show that they have had an impact on all areas of the social system and that they will have a further reflection over time. The analysis used a sociological approach that interprets society as an integral system of interrelated and interdependent elements.The analysis showed that, especially in spring, instead of looking for options that balance safety and the ability to work, introducing fewer measures, but more carefully thought out, and strictly monitor their compliance, in fact, too many measures were taken. As the result, the control over their observance was weak. It is difficult to deny the lack of a systematic approach and thinking in perspective. The focus was exclusively on the results characterizing the spread of the coronavirus, ignoring the effects in other areas of public life, as well as in relation to diseases other than coronavirus. The epidemic highlighted problems and gaps in the countrys health care system and showed that there is a need to rethink the universality of market principles, whether they are applicable to health care system, and whether cost-effectiveness is the most important indicator for it, or the criteria for it effectiveness are different.

Using Self Organizing Maps for Banking Oversight

2016 ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Felix Lopez-Iturriaga ◽  
Iván Pastor-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Visual Tool ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self Organizing

This chapter combines two methods based on neural networks (trait recognition and self-organizing maps) to develop a model of bankruptcy prediction. The authors apply the method to the Spanish savings banks, most of them rescued by the Government between 2008 and 2013 in a costly massive process. First, the authors detect the combinations of variables (performance, asset structure, and capitalization) that best describe the profile of the rescued savings banks. Then, the authors use these combinations on a yearly basis to generate bi-dimensional maps in which banks are placed according to their risk and similarities. This method provides a visual tool that can improve the oversight of policy makers on the whole financial system and enable time pertinent answers to some threatens to the country financial stability. The maps are useful means to detect and understand how the financial threats emerge over time too.

scholarly journals The Long Shadow of the Global Financial Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (164) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Igan ◽  
Hala Moussawi ◽  
Alexander Tieman ◽  
Aleksandra Zdzienicka ◽  
Giovanni Dell'Ariccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
Initial Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Available Information

We track direct public interventions and public holdings in 1,114 financial institutions over the period 2007–17 in 37 countries based on publicly available information. We use aggregate official data to validate this new dataset and estimate the fiscal impact of interventions, including the value of asset holdings remaining in state hands at end-2017. Direct public support to financial institutions amounted to $1.6 trillion ($3.5 trillion including guarantees), with larger amounts allocated to lower capitalized and less profitable banks. As of end-2017, only a few countries had fully divested the initial support they provided during the crisis. Public holdings were divested faster in better capitalized, more profitable, and more liquid banks, and in countries where the economy recovered faster. In countries where the government stake remained high relative to the initial intervention, private investment and credit growth were slower, financial access, depth, efficiency, and competition were worse, and financial stability improved less.

scholarly journals Information Disclosure in China’s Rising Securitization Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Xueer Chen ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Internet Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Needs

E-commerce and FinTech are currently booming in China. The growing consumer market is accompanied by internet finance, by which consumers can easily borrow money from financial institutions online. As a result, the growing risks of financial institutions are of concern to the government and regulatory bodies. Consequently, the securitization market in China is seeing rapid growth that could affect financial stability. Applying FinTech and emerging technologies in securitization might be an effective way to protect against these risks. This paper studies the question of whether China needs a higher standard of information transparency in order to protect against its risks against the background of digital transformation. We analyzed the determinants of securitization in the Chinese banking sector, relying on data on banks for two periods: pre-2017Q4 and post-2017Q4. The main findings of the paper demonstrate that the application of FinTech in China’s banking industry resulted in less information asymmetry. The risk exposure was the most significant determinant in general. Higher risk exposures increased securitization transaction volumes, which reflects securitization with adverse selection problems between the originator and investors. Liquidity and profitability, as important determinants indicating the moral hazard problem, also affected securitization pre-2017Q4, but liquidity and profitability were found to be unimportant determinants after the application of FinTech (the post-2017Q4 period). Moreover, this study finds that the effects of the adverse selection and moral hazard problems varied in different types of banks. Overall, our findings suggest that the Chinese securitization market needs a higher standard of information transparency.

Domestic Resource Mobilisation: A Structural Approacb

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1067-1078
Author(s):  
Saleem M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Enhance Efficiency

The Mobilisation of domestic resources and their efficient utilisation are two of the most crucial tasks in revitalising the economy of Pakistan. Historically, low saving fotmation and relatively higher targets of investment and economic growth made it imperative to depend on external resources. Despite heavy domestic borrowing from both private and public sectors, there still has remained an unmet resource gap that has necessitated dependence on foreign capital. I In recent years, the sources of foreign assistance have become scarce due to a growing shortage in world saving and growing domestic demand for budget appropriations in the western countries. If economic growth in Pakistan is to be sustained and selfgenerating, investment in physical and human development must be increased and mad more efficient. To meet this challenge, most of the capital will have to come from domestic sources. Hence, the focus of this paper is on harnessing domestic efforts to increase saving formation and to enhance efficiency of capital investments. Traditionally, the government of Pakistan has relied on conventional approaches to increasing domestic saving. First, the government has been encouraging greater saving by the private sector through a package of national saving schemes and by allowing financial institutions to introduce saving incentives. Saving-schemes and saving incentives have not produced satisfying results. Table 1 shows saving and investment in selected South Asian countries. Saving in Pakistan is very low and, indeed, among the lowest even when compared with neighbouring and other developing countries. Explanations of this failure include the low levels of income and high rate of inflation in the country.2 Moreover, the financial institutions have in general remained inefficient.

Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history (1918-1940)

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Liubov Melnychuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
National University ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

The author investigates and analyzes the state Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history. During that period in the field of education was held a radical change in the direction of intensive Romanization. In period of rigid occupation regime in the province, the government of Romania laid its hopes on the University. The Chernivtsi National University had become a hotbed of Romanization ideas, to ongoing training for church and state apparatus, to educate students in the spirit of devotion Romania. Keywords: Chernivtsi National University, Romania, Romanization, higher education, Bukovina

On the Major Differences between the Banking Systems of the EAEU States

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
T. E. Chekanova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Banking Systems ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Factors

The presented study examines the problems of integration of the national banking systems of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Aim. The study aims to examine the major differences in various aspects of functioning of banking systems in the EAEU member states in terms of their impact on integration processes.Tasks. The author identifies the most prominent features of the banking systems of the EAEU states; reveals the depth of the existing differences through a comparative analysis of various indicators of national banking systems; outlines ways of overcoming integration problems associated with differences in the banking sectors of the Union states.Methods. This study is based on universal general scientific methods and elements of comparative, functional, and economic analysis within the framework of a systems approach. The author uses regulatory documents and banking reports of the EAEU states, statistical and analytical materials of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), and data of Moody’s international rating agency.Results. The study identifies a number of aspects that contain the major differences in the functioning of banking systems in the EAEU member states; highlights the disproportions in the scale, level of development, financial stability, and risks of the banking spheres of the Union states; comparatively analyzes the proportion of banking and non-banking structures in the system and the share of the government and non-resident companies in the capital of banks; marks the difference in the pricing of banking services; determines differences in the existing approaches to banking regulation and the established standards; analyzes the major differences in the legislative acts of the central banks and governments of the EAEU member states and in the terms and definitions used. According to the results of the study, the major factors hindering the development of integration processes between the banking systems of the EAEU states are identified.Conclusions. The existing differences between the banking systems of the EAEU countries are diverse and multifaceted. The author states that the aspects addressed in this study have a significant negative impact on the further development of integration processes, describing the major directions and actions of the member states aimed at minimizing the exiting differences, which are required to facilitate the convergence of the states and the transition towards a common financial market.

Financial Sustainability and Infrastructure Finance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Carvalho de Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Infrastructure Finance ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Development

Among the lessons that can be drawn from the global financial crisis is that private financial institutions have failed to promote the capital development of the affected economies, and to dampen financial fragility. This chapter analyses the macroeconomic role that development banks can play in this context, not only providing long-term funding necessary to promote economic development, but also fostering financial stability. The chapter discusses, in particular, the need for public financial institutions to provide support for infrastructure and sustainable development projects. It concludes that development banks play a strategic role by funding infrastructure projects in particular, and outlines the lessons for enhancing their role as catalysts for mitigating risks associated with such projects.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Development of Financial Topic Detection and Trend Prediction by Data Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7585
Author(s):  
Yunmei Liu ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yenchun Wu ◽  
Zhengxian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Trend Prediction ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
The Government

Blockchain technology is the most cutting-edge technology in the field of financial technology, which has attracted extensive attention from governments, financial institutions and investors of various countries. Blockchain and finance, as an interdisciplinary, cross-technology and cross-field topic, has certain limitations in both theory and application. Based on the bibliometrics data of Web of Science, this paper conducts data mining on 759 papers related to blockchain technology in the financial field by means of co-word analysis, bi-clustering algorithm and strategic coordinate analysis, so as to explore hot topics in this field and predict the future development trend. The experimental results found ten research topics in the field of blockchain combined with finance, including blockchain crowdfunding, Fintech, encryption currency, consensus mechanism, the Internet of Things, digital financial, medical insurance, supply chain finance, intelligent contract and financial innovation. Among them, blockchain crowdfunding, Fintech, encryption currency and supply chain finance are the key research directions in this research field. Finally, this paper also analyzes the opportunities and risks of blockchain development in the financial field and puts forward targeted suggestions for the government and financial institutions.

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