scholarly journals Pandemic COVID-19 and measures to limit its spreading in Bulgaria: aftermaths and conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Anna I. Mantarova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
It Effectiveness ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has suddenly found itself in a unique situation - the spreading of the coronavirus has caused serious consequences in all areas and at all levels of society and required a radical change in peoples lives. The purpose of this article is, after presenting and analyzing the economic and social consequences of the spreading of COVID-19 and the measures taken by the government, to show that they have had an impact on all areas of the social system and that they will have a further reflection over time. The analysis used a sociological approach that interprets society as an integral system of interrelated and interdependent elements.The analysis showed that, especially in spring, instead of looking for options that balance safety and the ability to work, introducing fewer measures, but more carefully thought out, and strictly monitor their compliance, in fact, too many measures were taken. As the result, the control over their observance was weak. It is difficult to deny the lack of a systematic approach and thinking in perspective. The focus was exclusively on the results characterizing the spread of the coronavirus, ignoring the effects in other areas of public life, as well as in relation to diseases other than coronavirus. The epidemic highlighted problems and gaps in the countrys health care system and showed that there is a need to rethink the universality of market principles, whether they are applicable to health care system, and whether cost-effectiveness is the most important indicator for it, or the criteria for it effectiveness are different.

scholarly journals Strengthening District Health Care System through Partnership with Academic Institutions: The Social Accountability of Medical Colleges in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (187) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Magar ◽  
K Subba
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
District Health ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System ◽  
Medical Colleges

Approximately 25-30% of the Nepalese population live below poverty line. Majority of them reside in a geographically inaccessible place while most of the health centers are focused in the urbanized cities of Nepal. Hence, they are deprived of quality health care at that level and need urgent attention by the concerned authorities. The government has not increased its human resource for health in the last two decades, while population has doubled up but the number of doctors serving in public sectors has remained the same as it was in 1990s. We have got 19 medical colleges at the moment. If one district is allocated to each medical colleges, it could help improve district health system at local level in Nepal. This can be accomplished by posting postgraduate resiendts in the peripheral district hospital as a part of their training and later encouraging them to serve for certain years. This could be a perfect example of government envisioned public private partnership in the country. This is a concept that has already been started in many parts of the world that can be moulded further to improve health service at peripheral part of the country. It is also the social accountability of the medical colleges for the development of the nation. Keywords: district health care system; medical education; social accountability.  

CAN WE MEASURE THE SOCIAL IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH CARE?

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Buck ◽  
Alison Eastwood ◽  
Peter C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Production Function Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Care System

This paper examines the extent to which it is possible to measure the social importance, or macro benefits, of health care. In contrast to the many micro studies of the benefits of specific health care interventions, methodology relating to such macro benefits is at a very rudimentary stage. A theoretical model is presented that seeks to capture the social consequences of a health care system. In light of this model, three existing empirical approaches to answering the question are examined: the inventory approach, the avoidable mortality approach, and the production function approach. All three have severe limitations in terms of the underlying theoretical model, data availability, and analytic tools employed. A more fruitful approach may be to investigate the value of undertaking a direct survey of citizens' attitudes toward their health care system.

scholarly journals How does the pharmaceutical industry influence prescription? A qualitative study of provider payment incentives and drug remunerations in hospitals in Shanghai

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Provider Payment ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Pressure ◽  
Care System

AbstractOver-prescription has become one major problem in China’s health care sector. Incorporating interview data from hospitals in Shanghai, this paper provided empirical evidence on how the process of over-prescription was carried out in day-to-day clinical settings, and demonstrates various mechanisms that allow over-prescription to continue vigorously in the context of the Chinese health care system. In particular, this study identified four levels of incentives that over-prescription was carried out: hospital, medical department, doctors and pharmaceutical companies. Due to the insufficient funding from the government and rising operational costs, hospitals had to rely on the sales of drugs and provision of medical services to survive. This funding pressure then transferred to specific revenue targets for medical departments. A combination of incentives, including drug remunerations, bonus system, low pay and high workloads motivated over-prescription at doctor level. At pharmaceutical company level, high profits of pharmaceuticals products as well as lack of emphasis on efficacy of drugs led to under-table payments and illicit drug remunerations. The study argued that the way that the Chinese health care system operates was based on the profit-seeking principle rather than on fulfilling its social functions, and called for a systematic reform of provider incentives to eradicating the problem of over-prescription.

scholarly journals A study on the knowledge, attitude & perspectives of final year students of bachelor of pharmacy programme in Malaysian Universities towards the implementation of the separation of drug prescribing & dispensing activity in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhanathan S Rajendram ◽  
Muhamad Danial Muhamad Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Dispensing separation in Malaysia has been a widely discussed topic among the medical fraternity. It is a highly sensitive topic as it involves both professional and economic considerations for doctors, pharmacists, and the general public. There has been no decision made thus far but the discussion is ongoing, making a study on this topic very relevant. The subjects of this study, final year students of Bachelor of Pharmacy Programme in Malaysian universities, are chosen to reflect their awareness, preparedness, and knowledge on dispensing separation, which will affect their future in the pharmacy profession. The study was conducted among all 20 Public and Private Institutions of Higher Learning recognized by the Pharmacy Board, Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study design, and data was collected using a convenience sampling method. The research instrument was an online questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire covers the demographic information about the respondent, like name, age, gender, and institution. The second part covers the knowledge, awareness and perspectives of respondents towards the implementation of the separation of prescribing and dispensing activities in Malaysia. The final part of the survey focuses on suggestions or problems arising. There were 126 respondents to the survey, way above the 96 respondents needed to make the survey valid. The majority of them are aware of and understand the dispensing separation. Most of them agree that the government should legalize the dispensing separation activities as they believe pharmacists are more knowledgeable and better equipped to dispense drugs. The majority of them believe by implementing dispensing separation, the health care system will be better optimized, and the service will be better. They also believe that patients can accept and adapt to the role of the pharmacist in dispensing medication. The majority of them also agree that the price of medicine will be lowered by the implementation of dispensing separation. Based on the study, these students who are future pharmacists are very knowledgeable on the dispensing separation issue. They believe strongly that the implementation of dispensing separation in Malaysia will bring more beneficial changes to the health care system. The patients will also benefit from this. With such a positive attitude, the implementation of dispensing separation in Malaysia could be imminent  

SOA Designed Health Care System for Taiwan Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 643-669
Author(s):  
Jun-Bin Shi ◽  
Shu-Fen Yang ◽  
Tsung-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) is gaining popularity in becoming the mainstream in corporate integrated applications in recent years. However, at the early stage of proposal for SOA, due to the lack of a completion in relevant standards and infrastructure, corporations still need to evaluate the effect and risks involved in investment for SOA. For this reason, the introduction for SOA among corporations becomes relatively conservative. In contrast to the conservation projected by corporations at the initial stage, the government agents took position in promoting SOA and developing e-Government, who were the forerunners first committed in the integration of SOA applications.

Mohalla Clinics in Delhi: A Preliminary Assessment of their Functioning and Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taniya Sah ◽  
Rituparna Kaushik ◽  
Neha Bailwal ◽  
Neisetuonuo Tep
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Geographical Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Section ◽  
Care System

The Government of Delhi introduced the policy of Mohalla Clinics in 2015 in order to improve its health care system. It was aimed at providing primary health care to people in their neighbourhood, with a particular focus on people residing in poor localities of Delhi. This article seeks to assess the role of Mohalla Clinics in the urban health care system. Based on a primary survey conducted in various areas of Delhi, we find that these clinics have helped in easing the pressure on tertiary care hospitals by providing treatment of minor ailments within the vicinity of neighbourhood. Overall, people positively endorse this initiative which contributed to a decline in out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines and tests. We find that Mohalla Clinics are ensuring better geographical access to health services by reducing time in commuting and waiting. Their scope, however, can be further broadened by introducing provisions for pregnant and lactating women, who constitute a major section of the patients visiting these clinics.

scholarly journals Regulations of the Health Care System facing climate change in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania C. López-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Care System

Climate change poses a major challenge for all nations before the increasing alteration of the natural dynamics of the planet by human activities, since it has a social, economic and health impact on the population. It has been scientifically proven that climate change may originate and even make worse many diseases and health problems, this situation has led to take actions and implement public policies to address the issue in Mexico. This document presents a review of the legal and regulatory frameworks implemented by the Government of Mexico, focusing on the health care system to deal with the effects of climate change. This situation reveals the need to carry out more research on the subject, due to the wide variety of repercussions for the population’s health. To broaden the knowledge and the generation of scientific evidence, allows a better design of laws, strategies and programs before implementing policies in the country.

scholarly journals Poverty Alleviation Programme and Poverty Reduction in Anambra State. Evidence from Women Business Ownership

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Joan N. Ozoh ◽  
Amaka G. Metu ◽  
Chukwuka Stephen M. ◽  
Chinwe Madueke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Health Care ◽  
Care System

The fight against poverty is one of the key components of the development of any country. If the percentage of poor people is high, there will be slow development. The government policies and program such as YOUWIN, Better Life is aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship and supporting women into business. Despite these efforts, poverty incidence still increases among women in micro business. This study examined government alleviation programs and dimension of poverty among women into micro business in Anambra state, Nigeria. It is a descriptive survey research. Probability and non- probability sampling technique were employed in which the samples were drawn using multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The findings of this study showed that most women participating in micro business are not aware of poverty reduction programs and do not have access to such programs. The study also found out that most of the women still experience hardship, no access to infrastructure, no good health care system and low standard of living which indicates that poverty has not reduced. The study recommended among others that the government should target its reduction policies towards the multidimensional indicators (good infrastructure, good health care system etc.) of poverty in order to eradicate poverty.

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