scholarly journals Ecomorfs analysis of the Samara flora

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Tatyana Borisovna Matveeva ◽  
Ivan Victorovich Kazantsev ◽  
Sergey Lvovich Molchatsky
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
Suburban Forests

During the conducted research it is revealed that suburban forests of Samara experience a considerable anthropogenic load. It is connected with the increase of the country site area, unauthorized building of the territory, deforestation, recreational loading. For the allocated associations the analysis of ecomorphs of flora is carried out. All species on coenomorphes, hygromorphes and trophomorphes are distributed. On the basis of the obtained data primary distribution of elements of flora was established. The main consequences of anthropogenic transformation are also revealed. It is possible to conclude that the structure of herbage of Samara suburban forests changes in the process of anthropogenic loading increase. It is reflected in ruderants, xeromesophytes and mesoxerophytes increase. It is not peculiar for forest communities. On the basis of the obtained data it is possible to define a disturbance degree of a vegetable cover under the anthropogenic influence. It is revealed that in suburban forests of Samara, despite high appeal and comfort, the vital condition of forest stands of an oak is weakened. It is necessary to carry out a complex of forestry and landscape actions for optimization of recreational forest exploitation that will improve a condition of forest plants and increase their stability in the conditions of anthropogenic loading. These materials can form a basis for a further study of the flora of the area.

scholarly journals Grade of recreational potential of Samara suburban forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Ivan Victorovich Kazantsev ◽  
Tatyana Borisovna Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Communities ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Recreational Disturbance ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
Suburban Forests

Authors provide materials in article revealing recreational potential of Samara suburban forests and use S.L. Rysin's technique, which considers a sanitary condition of the woods, extent of recreational transformation and esthetic importance of forest plantings in article. Researchers counted coefficients of appeal, comfort and stability of forest communities for carrying out complex assessment. On their basis authors judge quality of the surveyed forests. They have obtained materials of vital state are submitted and values of water penetration of the soil. This indicator of recreational disturbance is important for forest communities. For this reason, researchers considered different in degree of a recreational digression. Researchers have conducted a research and have revealed that appeal and comfort high and stability is average in Samara suburban forests. Therefore, experts have to hold complex of actions, which improve a condition of forest plantings and increasing their stability in the conditions of anthropogenic loading. These materials allow defining condition of Samara suburban forests and their suitability for use in the recreational and tourist purposes.

scholarly journals ПАЛІНОІНДИКАЦІЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ПОВІТРЯ М. ЧЕРНІВЦІ

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
I. O. Sytnikova ◽  
T. V. Fylypchuk
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The monitoring evaluation of anthropogenic transformation level of the environment was made according to viability of pollen Malus domestica Borkh. and Prunus cerasus L. The research was conducted in 2015-2017. The monitoring areas were located on the territories of preschool- and general educational institutions of Chernivtsi city. The pollen of the plants, which grow in locations of the background territory (landscape wildlife preserve Tsetsyno), was used as a control. As the result of the research, it was found out that the increase of anthropogenic loading level caused the productivity rise of sterile pollen grain. It was also discovered that M. domestica has a higher sensitivity than P. cerasus due to its capacity to produce fertile pollen with mean concentration of starch as a response to the atmospheric pollution. The mentioned feature of M. domestica expands the opportunities of its use as a bioindicator and also can indicate the anthropogenic transformation of environment. According to the integral conditional index of bioindicator’s damage, it was assessed that a satisfactory state of environment is on the Nebesnoi Sotni 18-A st., F. Poletaeva3 st., Saltykova-Shedrina29 st., Ruska178 st. and Nebesnoi Sotni 10-B st., when an ecological situation in other monitoring areas corresponds to the standards of cleanness. The main reason for the increase of pollen sterility of the bioindicators on the above-listed streets is a close proximity to the highways with an active traffic and traffic congestion.

scholarly journals Анализ антропогенной преобразованности ландшафтов Андроповского района Ставропольского края

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
М.В. Нефедова ◽  
А.С. Куленко
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Current State

The article deals with the issues of the current state and the degree of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes. On the example of the landscapes of the Andropovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, the types of land use are analyzed, and the anthropogenic load is estimated. The obtained data allow us to identify the places most exposed to anthropogenic impact and in need of preventive measures to protect the landscapes. The results of the study can be used to optimize the structure of land use in the Andropovsky district and for further research on the problems of anthropogenic impact on landscapes.

Value of cabins for reproduction of the coniferous and broad-leaved woods of Central Volga Area

10.12737/3826 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Глушко ◽  
Sergey Glushko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Successful Reproduction

During the formation of forest communities, the competition intensifies, the predominance of the group receives a form of natural selection. Weakening forest stands reflected in the fall of increment volume and degradation. In the study area pines sufficiently balanced and suitable for complex management. Artificial pines, with appropriate care, enriched with the participation of hardwood (birch, linden), and can be quite durable. In pine plantings it is necessary to conduct intensive artificial selection, cutting “according state”, that will keep the pine forests composed in polydominant woods of the region. The proposed cuttings of pine “according state” are necessary to prevent the degradation processes for the successful reproduction of coniferous-deciduous forests in the region.

Chronoséquence après feu de la diversité de mammifères et d'oiseaux au nord de la forêt boréale québécoise

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Crête ◽  
Michel Crête ◽  
Bruno Drolet ◽  
Jean Huot ◽  
Marie-Josée Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
The North ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Young Forests

Diversity of passerine birds and mammals was estimated in well-drained areas located at proximity of the hydroelectric reservoir La Grande-3, where natural fire regime still prevails in the absence of forest exploitation. Forest stands were divided up into four post-fire stages: (i) recent burns (4 years old), (ii) shrubs (25 years old), (iii) young forests (50 years old), and (iv) mature forests (≥71 years old). Richness and species diversity were highest in middle stages, in shrubs and young forests. The degree of opening seems to have affected more the composition of bird communities than stand age. Some bird species, typical of shrub stands, in particular white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichialeucophrys Forster), Lincoln's sparrow (Melospizalincolnii Audubon), and alder flycatcher (Empidonaxalnorum Brewster), appeared after the falling of dead trees, ≈15 years after fire, and disappeared progressively as forests matured. Deer mice (Peromyscusmaniculatus Wagner), moose (Alcesalces L.), and black bears (Ursusamericanus Pallas) were more common at the beginning of succession, whereas northern red-backed voles (Clethrionomysgapperi Vigors) and caribou (Rangifertarandus L.) were typical of late stages. Mammal presence was mostly associated to their feeding requirements. Fire creates a mosaic of forest stands through periodic killing of trees in the north of the boreal forest, which contributes to maintain regional wildlife diversity; its suppression would reduce biodiversity.

scholarly journals Structure of forestry fund plots of the green belt of Zhytomyr city

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Iryna Siruk ◽  
Yurii Siruk
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
Projective Coverage ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Forest Parks ◽  
Suburban Forests ◽  
The City

The city of Zhytomyr is one of the settlements of Ukraine with large areas of green forestry. Due to the lack of up-to-date integrated information on the characteristics of the city's suburban forests, the forestry fund of three enterprises was analysed, the forests of which actually form a green belt. According to the results of the analysis of forest management information, it was determined that about 58% of the area of suburban forests belongs to the forestry-based part. Accordingly, the share of areas of parklands of the green belt of the city is 42%. For each of the parts, the area of plots was divided into categories, predominant species, age groups, forest types, the presence of features in the sections. Areas of forest parks are mostly covered with forests, the share of which reaches 91% against 89% in the forestry part. By age, the forest stands in parklands are slightly older. It is established that the species and typological structure of forests of both zones differ. Forest vegetation conditions in the forestry part of the green belt forests are richer, which has led to the allocation of more forest types, more diverse species composition of plantations, the predominance of oak forest stands. In the suburban forests, due to the drying up of hayfields and more than half of the swamps, over a third of their area was found to be overgrown with trees and shrubs. The areas of hayfields and swamps were divided according to their types and uses. Areas with important features for recreation include areas with species, drinking water sources, monuments, landscaping elements, age-old trees, small lawns, biotechnical facilities, as well as tracts that constitute monuments of landscape art, places of memorable events, settlements of rare animals and birds. It is discovered that in the forests of the green belt of Zhytomyr, there are significant areas with actual berrying grounds (430 ha) and medicinal plants of industrial importance (179 ha). Berries are represented only by blueberries and strawberries, the projective coverage of which varies from 5% to 35%. In the future, the studies on determination of the level of recreational use of sites that have features valuable for recreation, improvement elements and berry fields are considered to be promising

Comparative analysis of two approaches to large-scale mapping of forest vegetation in the Southern Nechernozemye of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Semenishchenkov ◽  
R. S. Korsikov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Floristic Classification ◽  
Forest Conditions

The results of the comparative analysis of traditional forest typology data and the data of floristic classification by the J. Braun-Blanquet approach for large-scale mapping of forest vegetation from the Southern Nechernozemye of Russia are presented. 3 model forest areas located in the forestries in borders of different botanic-geographical districts with specific climatic and edaphic conditions have been chosen to make the comparative analysis of cartographic materials (Bryansk and Smolensk Regions). A comparison of existing afforestation plans and created geobotanical maps demonstrates the difference in the number of recognized typological units. In all cases, a smaller number of units are noted for the geobotanical maps with a scale 1 : 25 000. A decrease in the number of typological units can be explain by the lack of information on the age of tree stands. Another reason is, probably, the assignment of some forest stands with the predominance of different indigenous species to a single association. However, the same typological units, distinguished by the predominance of tree species, may correspond to different units of floristic classification, which may increase the number of typological units on the geobotanical map. Some features of the Braun-Blanquet approach such as the allocation of units, primarily based on a comparison of the floristic composition of plant communities, allows attributing both natural stands and forest cultures to a single syntaxon. This also reduces the number of typological units on the geobotanical map. The plans of afforestation show the present-day species composition and the age of the studied stands, but the dynamic interrelations of forest communities are not reflected there. Therefore, it is more effective to reflect the dynamics of vegetation of forest communities in accordance with the methodology adopted when creating geobotanical maps. In this case, the succession state of communities and their links to classification units of higher ranks has been taken into account by the allocation of temporary facies with the predominance of small-leaved species at the site of indigenous broad-leaved or coniferous forests. The deductive approach with the identification of non-rank «communities» also makes it possible to separate into separate syntaxa and time-unstable, unformed or poorly floristic communities. Typically, such forests are formed by coniferous cultures in the zone of deciduous forests. The unformed «semi-forest» communities in the lowland swamps are also placed into the same category. They are often formed after felling, initiating or intensifying bogging under conditions of fluctuating moisture. The use of a single colorimetric scheme for forest stands in different climatic and edaphic conditions, reflected in the TLU (forest conditions) system, can be considered not quite correct. Stands with the predominance of the same species can correspond to different zonal-conditioned TLUs. At the same time, communities of some syntaxomomical taxa of floristic classification can be formed in different TLUs and their diversity corresponds to the width of the ecological amplitude of the types of plant communities. The more stenotopic communities, the smaller number of TLUs corresponding to their habitats. The afforestation plans and geobotanical maps can be used by different ways in forestry. The traditional afforestation plans are widely used in forestry planning. However, the geobotanical map supplemented with information on the dynamic relationships of stands allows making more efficient prediction of scenarios of forest stand development under known forest conditions. In addition, cartographic materials on the proposed geobotanical basis reflect the general botanical and geographical trends of vegetation, and the syntaxa of the floristic classification always have a certain chorological content, thus, they can be used as zonal-climatic indicators. This feature is reflected in their compliance with TLU, which are specifically distinguished for different natural zones.

scholarly journals Geoecological Assessment of the Land Use Structure of Ternopil City United Territorial Community

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Land Use Structure

Purpose. To assess of the land use structure of Ternopil city united territorial community and justify the priority areas for its optimization. Methods. Descriptive, comparative-geographical, geoinformation, statistical, mathematical, geoecological analysis and optimization modeling. During the study, special methods were used to determine the anthropogenic load, coefficients of ecological stability and anthropogenic transformation of the Ternopil city united territorial community. Results. Analyzing of the land use structure of Ternopil city united territorial community, it was found that the share of natural lands within it is only 32.5%. The main geoecological problems of the land use of Ternopil city united territorial community are the imbalance of land structure, the lack of master plans of rural settlements and territorial boundaries, the lack of inventory and regulatory monetary valuation of land. The coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of the territory of Ternopil city united territorial community is 6.7, which corresponds to the category of highly transformed landscapes. The coefficient of ecological stability of the Ternopil city united territorial community is 0.28, the territory is ecological unstable with a score of anthropogenic load of 3.22. The geoecological assessment of the land use structure of Ternopil city united territorial community, testified the need to optimize the structure of land and to introduce effective scientifically sound measures. Conclusions. To correct and improve the situation, bringing the territory of the Ternopil city united territorial community to ecological stability, it is necessary to implement optimization measures. In the study we have developed an optimization model of land use in the Ternopil city united territorial community, which provides for the reduction of arable land by 18%, increase in forest cover by 12% and bringing the share of natural lands to the optimal 50%. The implementation of such an approach requires a change in the purpose of individual land plots and the organization of their landscape-adapted use.

scholarly journals State of Split Birch Woods of the Southern Trans-Urals in the Zone of High Anthropogenic Load on Natural Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kudryavtsev ◽  
М. L. Oparin ◽  
О. S. Oparina ◽  
A. В. Mamaev ◽  
D. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the results of our study of ecosystem diversity and the state of split-forest areas located in the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region. The species composition of forest stands, the productivity of tree species, the composition of underwood, brushwood and ground cover in plantations were analyzed. Data on the distribution of forest stands of various ages, composition, types of underwood and brushwood, as well as the main dominants of the ground cover are presented. Our studies have shown that forest communities are quite distinctly different in the nature of all storeys. A preliminary assessment of the economic impact on the territory of the site made it possible to identify significant changes in all the components of forest ecosystems, namely, ground cover, the composition and productivity of forest stands. The diversity of forest ecosystems in the study area is due to the ability of many plant species to inhabit a wide range of ecological conditions, as well as the composition, age and crowncontact, which, in turn, determines the nature of the storey of shrubs and ground cover. The volume of the forest type was taken quite large, it combined plantations of all age stages of forest stands development. Features of forest vegetation, typical for split forests of the Southern Trans-Urals, were revealed, namely: mosaic vegetation cover, low crown-contact and the presence of open spaces species in the lower storeys. The materials obtained showed that, despite the significant anthropogenic transformation, the forest ecosystems of the study area retained the main features characteristic of the peculiar vegetation of the forest-steppe of southern Siberia. The research results will make it possible to assess the diversity of forest ecosystems, to give a preliminary forecast of the dynamics of the site's vegetation and can be used in the development of a scientifically grounded strategy for forest management in the region under the conditions of the joint action of many natural and anthropogenic factors.

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