scholarly journals Materials of the early Neolithic of the Yarlukovskaya Protoka site (point 222) on the Upper Don

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Roman Viktorovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kulichkov ◽  
Elizaveta Sergeevna Yurkina
Keyword(s):  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mixed Complex ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Left Tributary ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

This paper analyzes materials located in the floodplain of the Matyra River (left tributary of the Voronezh River) of the Yarlukovskaya Protoka (point 222) in the Gryazinsky District of the Lipetsk Region. It was investigated in 1963, 1964, 1967 and 1968 by Vsevolod Levenok. The materials of three early Neolithic cultures of VI Millennium BC were revealed here. The materials of the Yelshanskaya culture are represented by corollas and bottoms of 12 vessels. Almost all dishes, except one bottom and several walls, have no ornament, with the exception of one or two rows of conical pit. All ceramics are well smoothed. Ceramics were made from silty clay. The location of materials in the cultural layer confirms the earlier occurrence of the Yelshanskaya culture ceramics. The ceramics of the Karamyshevo culture is represented by fragments from three vessels. The dishes are predominantly decorated with small oval pricks composed in horizontal and vertical rows. Ceramics were made from silty clay. Ceramics of the Srednedonskaya culture are represented by corollas and rounded bottoms of 15 vessels. It is decorated with triangular prick or small comb prints. Ceramics were made from silty clay. At Yarlukovskaya Protoka site 304 stone artifacts were discovered, mainly of flint. This industry could be described as flake-blade technique. The monument is a mixed complex - stratigraphic and planigraphic readable observations of stone inventory location could not be done.

scholarly journals Bone and antler implements of the Early Neolithic Dnepr-Dvina interfluve settlements: technological and functional features, context

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Anna Andreevna Malyutina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

In this paper we consider the results of the use-wear analysis of the bone and antler implements received as a result of excavation of the Early Neolithic settlements on the territory of Dnepr-Dvina interfluve. This kind of research is conducted for this category of archaeological material for the first time. For the analysis we have selected 27 bone, antler and teeth items occurring from two settlements of the Serteysky microregion - Serteya X and Rudnya Serteyskaya. The good preservation of items has allowed us to study macro- and microtraces connected with technology of processing of raw materials and receiving products, ways of usage of finished utilitarian and not utilitarian character items. The following categories of implements have been marked out: knives, awls, pendants, spear-heads, arrowheads, barbed points, preforms, fragments of items with processing traces. The obtained information is correlated to other materials of settlements - ceramics, stone artifacts, economic and cultural characteristic of settlements in general. Ceramic traditions in upper courses of the Western Dvina belong to 7 millennium BC. The earliest ceramic traditions are combined in Serteyskaya archaeological culture. Later, in materials of the Early Neolithic sites influence of Early Neolithic cultures of East Baltics is traced. As a result, on the territory of Podvinya the Rudnyanskaya Early Neolithic culture is formed.

scholarly journals Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Roman Viktorovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Elizaveta Sergeevna Yurkina
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

Features of the flood plain settlements of the river Don watershed and its tributaries is the fact that almost all of them are multi-layered. Until recently it was not possible to talk about the Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don. All conclusions about Early Neolithic material culture in this territory were done by A.T. Sinyuk, based on the Middle-Don site. He described tool industry as blade technique. The paper mentions the most important sites and gives a review of Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don. Nowadays there are materials of the 4 Early Neolithic cultures on the Upper Don territory: Middle-Don (72 sites), Karamyshevo (26 sites), Upper-Volga (4 sites) and Elshanskaya (4 sites) cultures. The earliest materials in the research area date VI mill. cal BC. The data on the stone industries of the Elshanskaya and Upper-Volga cultures in the Upper Don are absent. There are stone collections, which could be connected only with the Middle-Don and Karamyshevo Early Neolithic cultures. This industry could be described as flake technique.

scholarly journals Some Data on Pottery of Osipovskaya and Mariinskaya Cultures of the Lower Amur Region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.Б. Цетлин ◽  
В.Е. Медведев
Keyword(s):  
Amur Region ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Lower Amur Region ◽  
Ethnocultural Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Статья посвящена результатам всестороннего изучения гончарных традиций в технологии, формах и орнаментации посуды у носителей осиповской и мариинской неолитических культур в российском Приамурье. Осиповская культура является древнейшей на земном шаре, и ее керамика отражает первые этапы становления гончарного производства в истории человечества. Керамика мариинской культуры характеризует следующий этап развития гончарства и относится к раннему неолиту на этой территории. Авторы приходят к выводу, что эти культуры оставлены разными в этнокультурном плане группами древнего населения. The paper describes results of the comprehensive study of pottery traditions through the prism of technological processes, shapes and ornamentation of vessels developed by the Osipovka and Mariinskoye Neolithic cultures in the Russian Amur Region. The Osipovka culture is the earliest on our planet and its pottery reflects first stages of pottery development in the history of humanity. The Mariinskoye pottery characterizes the next period of pottery development and is dated to the Early Neolithic of this region. The authors conclude that these cultures were left behind by different ethnocultural groups of the earliest population.

scholarly journals The site Vavilino 1 on the right bank of the Derkul River in Western Kazakhstan (materials of 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Talgat Basarbaevich Mamirov
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bone Remains ◽  
Excavation Area

The paper is devoted to preliminary data from a study of the Vavilino 1 site in Western Kazakhstan. The monument was first opened by N.M. Malov in 1986, later he picked artifacts from the surface in 1988. In 1991 N.L. Morgunova carried out excavations on the site, which showed the importance of this monument study to understand the Neolithic Volga-Ural interfluve. The monument is located on the right bank of the Derkul River and is currently classified as an emergency. In 2018, employees of the Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in the framework of the Stone Age study in Western Kazakhstan started to work on the monuments of Yeshkitau, Derkul 1 and Vavilino 1. At the Vavilino 1 site a small excavation area - 16 square meters was made, more than a thousand stone artifacts were received; fragments of ceramics and bone remains of animals were poorly diagnosed. Excavations have shown the presence of a 15-20 cm thick cultural layer belonging to the Neolithic time. The upper layer of the monument with a capacity of up to 30 cm was destroyed by anthropogenic activities in the past century. The material from the cultural layer is not numerous; tip scrapers, fragments of plates with retouching, geometrical microliths, prismatic nucleus for plates, etc. are typologically distinguished.

An agronomic and physiological re-evaluation of the potassium and sodium requirements and fertilizer recommendations for sugar beet

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. J. MILFORD ◽  
P. J. JARVIS ◽  
J. JONES ◽  
P. B. BARRACLOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low K

SUMMARYThe potassium (K) and sodium (Na) requirements of sugar beet were re-examined in a 6-year series of experiments between 2000 and 2005 using reference plots with a wide range of long-established differences in exchangeable topsoil K (Kex). Two groups of plots with a topsoil concentration Kex range of 40–550 mg/kg were used, each situated within an individual field, one on a silty clay loam at Rothamsted and the other on a contrasting sandy loam at Woburn. The interactions between topsoil Kex and applied N, K and Na fertilizers were studied at Rothamsted. Under these well-defined conditions, maximum yields of 55–71 t/ha of adjusted clean beet were achieved with a topsoil Kex concentration of 120–150 mg/kg, i.e. at Soil K Index 2–, with a small difference between the two soils being accounted for by differences in exchangeable soil Na and subsoil Kex. There were no yield responses to freshly applied fertilizer K, even on low K plots where responses might be expected. It is concluded that the existing recommendations for K fertilizer use on UK sugar beet do not need to be adjusted to allow for the higher yields of modern crops.There were no yield responses to NaCl fertilizer at any level of topsoil Kex at Rothamsted (where the soil contained 15–20 mg Na/kg), but yields were increased on low Kex plots at Woburn whose sandy loam contained only 5–10 mg Na/kg. The uptake of Na from the applied NaCl fertilizer was strongly influenced by the exchangeable K and Na status of the soil. On the low Na soil at Woburn, almost all of the applied Na was taken up by sugar beet grown on plots with low concentrations of topsoil Kex and half of it on plots with adequate concentrations of topsoil Kex compared with two-thirds and one-fifth, respectively, on the higher Na-content soil at Rothamsted.Plants partitioned 0·75 of their K and 0·95 of their Na to the shoot and the balance to the storage root. This pattern of distribution was consistent across sites, seasons and soil K supply. The physiological interactions between K and Na were studied by examining their millimolar concentrations in the tissue-water (mmol/kg) of the shoots and storage roots. The tissue-water concentrations of K in the shoot increased asymptotically with the concentration of Kex in the topsoil, and the increase in K concentration was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the tissue-water concentration of Na. Maximum concentrations of K in shoot tissue-water (and minimum concentrations of Na) were achieved when the topsoil contained a minimum of 200 mg Kex/kg. The optimal physiological tissue-water concentration of Na in shoots was estimated to be c. 90–100 mmol/kg; maintenance of this level required a minimum of 25 mg/kg of exchangeable Na in the topsoil. When not limited by soil Kex, plants maintained a total tissue-water concentration of c. 300–350 mmol/kg of K+Na within the shoot. This was achieved with 80 mmol of Na and 230 mmol of K/kg of tissue water on the high Na-content soil at Rothamsted, and with 40 mmol of Na and 275 mmol of K/kg tissue water on the low-Na soil at Woburn.Significant correlations were established between measurements of beet K made in the factory tarehouse and those made using standard laboratory chemical analyses and between factory estimates of the concentrations of K in the tissue-water of delivered beet and the topsoil Kex. The uses of these relationships to estimate the off-takes of K in the harvested beet and provide feedback to growers on the K status of their soils, and the implications of the study for the use of K and Na fertilizers on UK sugar beet are discussed.

Earthen Long Barrows and Timber Structures: Aspects of the Early Neolithic Mortuary Practice in Denmark

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Mortuary Practice ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Derivative System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Early Phases

More than twenty years have elapsed since Stuart Piggott suggested the possibility of a connection between the primary Neolithic cultures of Britain and the early phases of the Funnel necked Beaker (TRB) Culture of northern Europe (Piggott 1956). What appeared at that time to many scholars, not least in Denmark, to be a very far fetched idea, must today in the light of the many new Danish excavations be considered seriously. Piggott pointed to three categories of finds which could possibly be advanced as indicators of contact: Pottery, causewayed camps and ‘unchambered’ earthen long barrows. In all three areas decisive new results have been obtained, and although this paper deals with the earthen long barrows, both the pottery and the causewayed camps will be briefly commented upon.C. J. Becker's division of the Danish early Neolithic pottery into four major classes, the A, B, non-megalithic and megalithic C types of pottery, is still useable for the general categorization of site inventories (Becker 1948). The neat derivative system that he built, with A originating somewhere in eastern Europe, followed by B, and terminating with two contemporary C-groups, is however no longer warranted, and especially not with reference to the radiocarbon dates. Nor can the clear-cut typological division of the pottery into the four groups be maintained, since many types of pots and ornamentation occur in more than one group. For instance the B type beaker, with lines of twisted cord beneath the rim, is an integral part of the inventory of non-megalithic C sites, and also occurs in connection with megalithic C pottery.

The excavation of Zone III of the Xiaonanshan site in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province in 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Lithic Tools ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Cultural Relics

AbstractIn 2015, the Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated at Xiaonanshan site on the bank of Ussuri River in southeast Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province. The excavation was conducted in three zones, with nine Neolithic burials recovered in Zone III. Most burials were in northeast-southwest orientation and consisted of two parts: a cairn above ground, and a grave below the cairn. Pottery wares, lithic tools, and jades were unearthed from these burials. The cultural remains represented by these eight early phase burials are the first of their kind discovered in China and represent a new archaeological culture: the Xiaonanshan culture. The 14C data of this culture provided dates of 7,890±30 BP and 8,150±30 BP, preceding Xinkailiu culture. This excavation has filled a blank on early Neolithic cultures in eastern Heilongjiang and provided new materials for the studies on the origination and diffusion of the jade culture in East Asia.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF BONE ARROWHEADS IN THE UPPER VOLGA LOWLAND IN VII V CAL BC: A CASE STUDY OF THE MULTILAYER SITE ZAMOSTJE 2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Лозовская
Keyword(s):  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Informative Element ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Охотничий инвентарь и, в первую очередь, наконечники метательного вооружения являются наиболее информативным элементом культуры в древнем обществе. В позднем мезолите и раннем неолите Верхнего Поволжья наблюдается большое разнообразие костяных наконечников стрел, отражающее локальные особенности местного и/или пришлого населения. На примере материалов стоянки Замостье 2 (306 экз.) рассмотрены изменения основных типов наконечников в период с начала VII по конец V тыс. cal BC выделены характерные формы изделий для пяти культурных слоев (двух слоев позднего, а также слоев финального мезолита, верхневолжской и льяловской культур раннего и среднего неолита) и предложена типолого хронологическая схема развития наконечников стрел для поселения Замостье 2 и прилегающих территорий. Hunting equipment and, in the first place, projectile points are the most informative element of culture in ancient society. In the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic of the Upper Volga region, a large variety of bone arrowheads is observed, which reflects the local features of the indigenous and / or newcomer population. Using the materials from the site Zamostje 2 (306 items), we examined changes in the main types of arrowheads from the beginning of 7th to the end of the 5th millennium cal BC. The revealed characteristic forms of arrowheads for the five cultural layers (Late and Final Mesolithic, Upper Volga and Lyalovo Early and Middle Neolithic cultures) served as the basis for the proposed typologicalchronological scheme of arrowheads development for the Zamostje 2 settlement and adjacent territories.

scholarly journals Stone implement from the early Neolithic layers in Rakushechny Yar (on the example of the researches of 2016-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Susanna Pavlovna Gorodetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Lower Volga

The article shows the analysis of the collection of the stone artifacts obtained as a result of excavations of the early Neolithic layers of the site Rakushechny Yar. The collection of the stone tools makes it possible to get an idea about the flaking technology, oriented to obtaining blades. However, the absence of the products of debitage on the site indicates that flaking and tool production were realized outside the site. For secondary modification inhabitants of the site used such techniques as retouching and polishing. The tools assemblage was represented mainly by points that were used as drills, end-scrapers and polished axes, which indicates the specific economic activities of the inhabitants of the site, associated with the woodworking. The stone implement of the site has analogies not only in the Neolithic sites of the region, but also in the Neolithic stone implements of the sites of the Lower Volga and Northern Caspian Regions. Taking into account that the investigated part of the site was a coastal zone at one time, as well as the presence of a large number of fish bones in the lower layers, it can be assumed that the use of the above categories of tools was somehow connected with fishing. This assumption can be confirmed by microwear analysis of the stone tools.

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