scholarly journals «The Palmer raids» - reaction to «The Red Scare» and Edgar Hoover’s role in the actions of the U.S. Department of Justice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Aleksandrovich Levin
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Palmer Raids ◽  
The U.S

The paper is devoted to reaction of the U.S. Department of Justice to the October revolution of 1917 in Russia and the process which received the name The Red Scare in the historiography. The basic changes which happened in Russia, the ideas of radical social justice, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the world revolution during the last stages of the World War I led to an extremely negative perception of the Bolshevik party and its policy in the USA. The general unfriendly spirit was warmed up by various publications accusing V.I. Lenin and his colleagues of communications with Germany (well-known Sissons documents) as well as by various publications in the press. At the same time, the revolution in Russia became an ideological beacon for anarchists and socialists worldwide including America. A special activity was shown by the galleanists organization (followers of the revolutionary and the ideologist of anarchism Luigi Galleani). From April to June 1919 they organized a series of explosions as well as attempts on the life of prominent politicians, businessmen and even the staff of intelligence agencies of the USA. In response to it the Attorney-General Alexander Mitchell Palmer initiated a series of military actions directed against all left-wing parties and groups in the country. The Bureau of investigations became the main body that was occupied in these actions. The paper analyzes the raids that were carried out by BI, their features and effects as well as the career of John Edgar Hoover, who was Palmers personal assistant at that time and later became a director of FBI.

scholarly journals Formation of “Red Scare” Concept in USA in First Half of XX Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 424-434
Author(s):  
Y. A. Levin ◽  
S. O. Buranok
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Palmer Raids ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The issue of how the an important and multifaceted aspect of domestic and foreign policy formed by US FBI, called the "Red Scare" is addressed in the article. It is shown that this political and ideological concept seemed unacceptable for distribution in the United States, since it created a danger of the penetration of communist ideas and their adherents into all government bodies and major public organizations. Factors that influenced the strengthening of the FBI’s position in the fight against communist ideology in the United States in the 1920s, in particular, terrorist acts carried out by left-wing forces, which allowed the FBI to implement a program of struggle (Palmer raids) with organizations, adhering to communist views are examined. The measures taken by the FBI and its director John Edgar Hoover in the 1930s against Soviet intelligence, which contributed to reinforcing negative perceptions of the “Red Scare” within the agency are highlighted. The authors conclude that the position of the FBI influenced the building of the attitude of the entire US intelligence community in this vein, which in turn had a great impact on the development of the country’s domestic and foreign policy.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Christina L. Boyd ◽  
Michael J. Nelson ◽  
Ian Ostrander ◽  
Ethan D. Boldt
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
The U.S

Scholars, politicians, and prosecutors themselves have repeatedly maintained that federal prosecutors have vast independence when carrying out their jobs. Despite this, we argue that federal prosecutors are constrained by the federal and local political environments in which they serve. U.S. Attorneys, the chief federal prosecutors for the 93 federal judicial districts around the country, are selected through a politically driven appointment process and operate within the purview of the Department of Justice, an executive branch agency. Federal prosecutors are led by the U.S. Attorney General, a presidential appointee and high-ranking member of the president’s cabinet. And U.S. Attorneys are invested members of their local community and are likely to be mindful of those preferences when making prosecutorial decisions. As a result, we should expect to find political influence at every stage of a U.S. Attorney’s service. The chapter closes with a preview of the full book.

Cosmopolitanism, Ethnicity and American Identity: Randolph Bourne's “ Trans-National America ”

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
World War I ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

This paper examines the contestation over otherness – in the form of ethnicity and national identity – that arose in the U.S. during World War I, culminating in the Red Scare of the 1920s. In the narrative of “Americanization,” immigration policies were joined with a militant nationalism, aiming to eliminate “enemies within” and from without, through a process of deportation, the criminalization of dissent and military interventionism. The demonization of immigrant-otherness became a means of strengthening solidarity among Anglo-Saxons, at a time when their cohesiveness was being challenged internally. As such, the history of America's internal control over its immigrant self is the familiar one of the limits of liberalism.

J. Edgar Hoover and the “Red Summer” of 1919

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ellis
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
World War ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
Palmer Raids ◽  
Political Opinions

J. Edgar Hoover directed the Bureau of Investigation (BI), later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation, from 1924 until his death in 1972. His autocratic style of management, self-mythologising habits, reactionary political opinions and accumulation of secret files on real, imagined and potential opponents have been widely documented. The views and methods he advocated have been variously attributed to values he absorbed as he grew up and to certain peculiarities of his personality. Most biographers trace his rapid rise to prominence in the BI to his aptitude for investigating alien enemies during World War I, and radicals during the subsequent Red Scare. He was centrally involved in the government's response to the alleged threat of Bolshevism in America, and, although he later denied it, he co-ordinated the notorious Palmer raids of January 1920, in which thousands of aliens were rounded up and several hundred were deported.

scholarly journals American Communist Idealism in George Cram Cook’s The Athenian Women (1918)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Edith Hall
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Feminist Politics ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Susan Glaspell ◽  
Provincetown Players

The Athenian Women, written by the American George Cram Cook with input from Susan Glaspell, is a serious, substantial play drawing chiefly on Lysistrata and Thesmophoriazusae. It premiered on March 1st 1918 with the Provincetown Players. Cook was convinced of parallels between the Peloponnesian War and World War I. He believed there had been communists in Periclean Athens comparable to those who were making strides in Russia (in 1922 to become the USSR) and the socialists in America, amongst whom he and Glaspell counted themselves. The paper examines the text and production contexts of The Athenian Women, traces its relationships with several different ancient Greek authors including Thucydides as well as Aristophanes, and identifies the emphatically stated socialist and feminist politics articulated by the two main ‘proto-communist’ characters, Lysicles and Aspasia. Although the play was not particularly successful, its production had a considerable indirect impact on the future directions taken by left-wing theatre in the USA, through the subsequent dramas of Glaspell and Eugene O’Neill for the Provincetown Players.

HOW SWEET IT WAS, 1894

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1090
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
The World ◽  
German Model ◽  
The U.S

Machine-made candy was invented by the Germans. But it was Milton S. Hershey, a Pennsylvania candyman with a flair for packaging, who gave the world a craving for what he called simply the Hershey Milk Chocolate Bar. Hershey, who had started in the candy business in 1876 making caramels by hand, purchased his first chocolate-making machine, a German model, in 1893. By the following year, his plant in Lancaster, PA, was turning out America's first mass-produced milk-chocolate bar and its cousin, the Hershey Almond Bar. Weighing 9/16th of an ounce each and divided into small squares easily broken off and eaten, the Hershey milk-chocolate bars were a novelty: Most candy then was sold in large, unwieldy chunks. Within a few years, Hershey introduced another innovation in candy packaging, enclosing each bar at the factory with a wrapper containing the company logo. The whole chocolate business got a big boost when America entered World War I. The Army issued chocolate bars to the troops as quick-energy food, and when the troops came home, they came with a sweet tooth. By 1918 there were 20,000 candy companies in the U.S. Hershey rode the boom and remained a leading U.S. chocolate maker even though the company avoided advertising - Milton Hershey always believed his product would sell itself - until the 1940's.

scholarly journals Is the Myth of Left-Wing Authoritarianism Itself a Myth?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Gideon Conway ◽  
Alivia Zubrod ◽  
Linus Chan ◽  
James McFarland ◽  
Evert Van de Vliert
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Attitude Strength ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

Is left-wing authoritarianism (LWA) closer to a myth or a reality? Twelve studies test the empirical existence and theoretical relevance of LWA. Study 1 reveals that both conservative and liberal Americans identify a large number of left-wing authoritarians in their lives. In Study 2, participants explicitly rate items from a recently-developed LWA measure as valid measurements of authoritarianism. Studies 3-11 show that persons who score high on this same LWA scale possess the traits associated with models of authoritarianism (while controlling for political ideology): LWA is positively related to threat sensitivity across multiple areas, including general ecological threats (Study 3), COVID disease threat (Study 4), Belief in a Dangerous World (Study 5), and Trump threat (Study 6). Further, controlling for ideology, high-LWA persons show more support for restrictive political correctness norms (Study 7), rate African-Americans and Jews more negatively (Studies 8-9), and show more domain-specific dogmatism and attitude strength (Study 10). Study 11 reveals that the majority of the effects from Studies 3-10 hold when looking only within liberals, thus revealing these effects are about liberal authoritarianism. Study 12 uses the World Values Survey to provide evidence of Left-Wing Authoritarianism around the globe. Taken in total, this large array of triangulating evidence from 12 studies comprised of over 8,000 participants from the U.S. and over 66,000 participants world-wide strongly suggests that left-wing authoritarianism is much closer to a reality than a myth.

scholarly journals Greatest show on Earth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hàn Vi Phi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
To Come ◽  
The U.S

Ours arrived under mysterious circumstances in Wuhan, China sometime in the last quarter of 2019. In the memorable words of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, the Covid-19 virus then “got on a plane” and became a super-spreading global pandemic in a matter of months. The human toll is devastating — over 80 million infected and over 1.7 million deaths as I write this. Over a century ago and during World War I no less, the world witnessed the devastating “Spanish flu” pandemic, which according to the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention infected 500 million people and killed over 50 million, with an estimated 20 million in Asia alone, although precise numbers are hard to come by. Pandemics are named pandemics because their human toll is on a global scale and devastating.

scholarly journals Has Asia Lost It?: Dynamic Past, Turbulent Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hàn Vi Phi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
To Come ◽  
The U.S

Ours arrived under mysterious circumstances in Wuhan, China sometime in the last quarter of 2019. In the memorable words of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, the Covid-19 virus then “got on a plane” and became a super-spreading global pandemic in a matter of months. The human toll is devastating — over 80 million infected and over 1.7 million deaths as I write this. Over a century ago and during World War I no less, the world witnessed the devastating “Spanish flu” pandemic, which according to the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention infected 500 million people and killed over 50 million, with an estimated 20 million in Asia alone, although precise numbers are hard to come by. Pandemics are named pandemics because their human toll is on a global scale and devastating.

scholarly journals The role of Michael Pupin in solving of Serbian national question

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Mirko Grcic ◽  
Rajko Gnjato
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
World War ◽  
National Interests ◽  
American Citizen ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University

Michael I. Pupin was a professor at the University of Columbia, member and the president of Academy of Science in New York; one of the esteemed members of USA National Academy of Science; member and president of many experts and scientific institutions and societies in the USA; member of State Council for Scientific Research by president of the USA during the World War I. Of the great importance for political geography and geopolitics was his activity in Paris during the Peace Conference after the World War I in 1919 also as his great contribution to establishment of state borders of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later Yugoslavia), which helped those nations to establish their national borders at maximum level. Pupin claimed that he was Yugoslav patriot and American citizen. Role of M. Pupin in battle for national interests and Yugoslav borders after the World War I is shown in this article.

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