Neuroimaging Advances in Stroke Rehabilitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rüdiger J Seitz ◽  
Robert Lindenberg ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Therapy Studies

Human ischaemic stroke is a multistage disorder with various routes of recovery. Neuroimaging allows researchers to explore the pathophysiology and recovery mechanismsin vivo. Based on these findings, motor recovery and chronic motor impairment after stroke have been linked to structural alterations of grey and white matter as well as functional changes in the perilesional tissue. Parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging can be used as surrogate markers of chronic motor impairment and predictors of functional potential for motor recovery. These parameters have the potential to tailor individual rehabilitation and stratify patients for experimental therapy studies such as invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation alone or in combination with other facilitators.

Neuroimaging Advances in Stroke Rehabilitation

US Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger J Seitz ◽  
Robert Lindenberg ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Therapy Studies

Human ischemic stroke is a multistage disorder with various routes of recovery. Neuroimaging allows researchers to explore the pathophysiology and recovery mechanismsin vivo. Based on these findings, motor recovery and chronic motor impairment after stroke have been linked to structural alterations of grey and white matter as well as functional changes in the perilesional tissue. Parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging can be used as surrogate markers of chronic motor impairment and predictors of functional potential for motor recovery. These parameters have the potential to tailor individual rehabilitation and stratify patients for experimental therapy studies such as invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation alone or in combination with other facilitators.

scholarly journals Study of Osteocyte Behavior by High-Resolution Intravital Imaging Following Photo-Induced Ischemia

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Hengfeng Yuan ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Yuanxin Chen ◽  
Betty Kim
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Avascular Osteonecrosis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Ischemic injuries and local hypoxia can result in osteocytes dysfunction and play a key role in the pathogenesis of avascular osteonecrosis. Conventional imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can reveal structural and functional changes within bony anatomy; however, characterization of osteocyte behavioral dynamics in the setting of osteonecrosis at the single cell resolution is limited. Here, we demonstrate an optical approach to study real-time osteocyte functions in vivo. Using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a biomarker for metabolic dynamics in osteocytes, we showed that NADH level within osteocytes transiently increase significantly after local ischemia through non-invasive photo-induced thrombosis of afferent arterioles followed by a steady decline. Our study presents a non-invasive optical approach to study osteocyte behavior through the modulation of local environmental conditions. Thus it provides a powerful toolkit to study cellular processes involved in bone pathologies in vivo.

Diffusion MR imaging: How to get the maximum from the experimental time

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Santis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Experimental Time ◽  
Diffusion Mr ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Diffusion Mr Imaging

AbstractDiffusion-based MR imaging is the only non-invasive method for characterising the microstructural organization of brain tissue in vivo. Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) is currently routinely used in both research and clinical practice. However, other diffusion approaches are gaining more and more popularity and an increasing number of researchers express interest in using them concomitantly with DT-MRI. While non tensor-based methods hold great promises for increasing the specificity of diffusion MR imaging, including them in the experimental routine inevitably leads to longer experimental times. In most cases, this may preclude the translation of the full protocol to clinical practice, especially when these methods are to be used with subjects that are not compatible with long scanning sessions (e.g., with elderly and pediatric subjects who have difficulties in maintaining a fixed head position during a long imaging session).The aim of this review is to guide the end-users on obtaining the maximum from the experimental time allocated to collecting diffusion MRI data. This is done by: (i) briefly reviewing non tensor-based approaches; (ii) reviewing the optimal protocols for both tensor and non tensor-based imaging; and (iii) drawing the conclusions for different experimental times.

scholarly journals Experimental Models of Glaucoma

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
O. N. Onufriichuk ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
А. V. Seleznev ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Digital Scanning

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.Glaucomatous process modeling is one of the challenges in ophthalmology. And this is due primarily to the fact that, so far, the main reasons for the onset and progression of glaucoma. Numerous works on experimental research in its core model ocular. However, there are forms of glaucoma, which are independent of the level of intraocular pressure. Ideal model of glaucoma is considered a model with the development of the characteristic symptom in which a key symptom is a slowly progressive excavation of the optic nerve. But given the new knowledge in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes in glaucoma in this model should be added and the opportunity to study the brain, vascular factors of progression, the level of neurotransmitters, trophic factors, etc. Therefore, we tried to make the analysis of models of glaucoma in various experimental animals and determine the most appropriate model for studying the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

scholarly journals MR Parameter Map Suite: ITK Classes for Calculating Magnetic Resonance T2 and T1 Parameter Maps

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Bigler ◽  
Mark Meadowcroft ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Jeffrey Vesek ◽  
Alex Dresner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mr Diffusion ◽  
Mr Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

This document describes a suite of new multi-threaded classes for calculating magnetic resonance (MR) T2 and T1 parameter maps implemented using the Insight Toolkit ITK (www.itk.org). Similar to MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR T2 and T1 parameter maps provide a non-invasive means for quantitatively measuring disease or pathology in-vivo. Included in the suite are classes for reading proprietary Bruker 2dseq and Philips PAR/REC images and example programs and data for validating the new classes.

scholarly journals Determinants of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: An Immunological and MRI Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Tortorella ◽  
Maria Marcella Laganà ◽  
Marina Saresella ◽  
Eleonora Tavazzi ◽  
Maria Giulia Preti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Matter Volume

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a wide interpatient clinical variability and available biomarkers of disease severity still have suboptimal reliability. We aimed to assess immunological and MRI-derived measures of brain tissue damage in patients with different motor impairment degrees, forin vivoinvestigating the pathogenesis of MS-related disability. Twenty-two benign (B), 26 secondary progressive (SP), and 11 early, nondisabled relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients and 37 healthy controls (HC) underwent conventional and diffusion tensor brain MRI and, as regards MS patients, immunophenotypic and functional analysis of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Corticospinal tract (CST) fractional anisotropy and grey matter volume were lower and CST diffusivity was higher in SPMS compared to RRMS and BMS patients. CD14+IL6+ and CD4+IL25+ cell percentages were higher in BMS than in SPMS patients. A multivariable model having EDSS as the dependent variable retained the following independent predictors: grey matter volume, CD14+IL6+ and CD4+IL25+ cell percentages. In patients without motor impairment after long-lasting MS, the grey matter and CST damage degree seem to remain as low as in the earlier disease stages and an immunological pattern suggestive of balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory activity is observed. MRI-derived and immunological measures might be used as complementary biomarkers of MS severity.

scholarly journals Reversible membrane reorganizations during photosynthesis in vivo: revealed by small-angle neutron scattering

2011 ◽  
Vol 436 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Nagy ◽  
Dorthe Posselt ◽  
László Kovács ◽  
Jens K. Holm ◽  
Milán Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive

In the present study, we determined characteristic repeat distances of the photosynthetic membranes in living cyanobacterial and eukaryotic algal cells, and in intact thylakoid membranes isolated from higher plants with time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering. This non-invasive technique reveals light-induced reversible reorganizations in the seconds-to-minutes time scale, which appear to be associated with functional changes in vivo.

scholarly journals Cerebrolysin Combined with Rehabilitation Enhances Motor Recovery and Prevents Neural Network Degeneration in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Severe Motor Deficits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Won Hyuk Chang ◽  
Jungsoo Lee ◽  
Yong-Il Shin ◽  
Myoung-Hwan Ko ◽  
Deog Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Severe Motor Impairment ◽  
Over Time

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Cerebrolysin combined with rehabilitation therapy supports additional motor recovery in stroke patients with severe motor impairment. This study analyzed the combined data from the two phase IV prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Stroke patients were included within seven days after stroke onset and were randomized to receive a 21-day treatment course of either Cerebrolysin or placebo with standardized rehabilitation therapy. Assessments were performed at baseline, immediately after the treatment course, and 90 days after stroke onset. The plasticity of the motor system was assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and resting state fMRI. In total, 110 stroke patients were included for the full analysis set (Cerebrolysin n = 59, placebo n = 51). Both groups showed significant motor recovery over time. Repeated-measures analysis of varianceshowed a significant interaction between time and type of intervention as measured by the Fugl–Meyer Assessment (p < 0.05). The Cerebrolysin group demonstrated less degenerative changes in the major motor-related white matter tracts over time than the placebo group. In conclusion, Cerebrolysin treatment as an add-on to a rehabilitation program is a promising pharmacologic approach that is worth considering in order to enhance motor recovery in ischemic stroke patients with severe motor impairment.

scholarly journals Historical aspects and current views of the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of optic nerve pits

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
E. V. Muskatina ◽  
D. Yu. Samsonov ◽  
S. I. Zhukova ◽  
А. G. Shchuko
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Digital Scanning ◽  
Optic Discs

Optic nerve pits are a mono- or bilateral congenital anomaly represented by optic disc depressions of various sizes. In half of the cases, the pits are complicated by edema, central retinal detachment and retinoschisis, and cause visual function decrease. Visual acuity losses can be either insignificant or pronounced. Optic discs pits have been investigated massively over the last century and a half, but their etiology is still underresearched. In recent years, however, due to the development of digital scanning and data processing technologies and the emergence of non-invasive highly informative diagnostic methods, it has become possible to reveal structural and functional changes of the optic disc in vivo, in addition to the traditional detection of histological changes in cadaveric eyes.

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