scholarly journals Improvement of methods for determining the efficiency of advertising

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Maksym Chernenko ◽  
Anatoliy Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Trade Fair ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Value Effect ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Theoretical background</strong>: The paper shows that increase in sales and profit margins is only partially dependent on the implementation of advertising activities. Methodical approaches for estimation of an exhibition and advertising activity and promotion of its employees are specified.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the article</strong>: It is the purpose of this article to analyze and further develop the methodological principles for assessing the efficiency of advertising and exhibition activities.</p><p><strong>Main findings</strong>: The results of the work involve evaluation of the effect of advertising and the share of the impact of advertising in increased revenue from the sale of products. A corresponding proportion of this impact was determined based on consumer inquiries. We propose an index of exhibition and trade fair performance, calculated based on two components: how many times a specific company participated in such events, and how the company was presented at relevant exhibition and fairs. Indices of the cost of advertising and promotion of certain products were provided as well. The present research is a novel approach that consists first in proving that the sales increase effect should not be assigned to advertising only, and second, determining the factors that influence consumer preferences and their share in the total value effect. Moreover, the proposed index of influence of exhibition and trade fair performance results depending on the selected factors is innovative as well. The practical importance of the research results involves a more accurate calculation of the effect caused by activities performed and, consequently, an increase in the efficiency of the business entities.</p>

scholarly journals Designing waste management systems to meet circular economy goals: The Italian case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Di Foggia ◽  
Massimo Beccarello
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Waste management capacity plays a prominent role in complying with circular economy goals, such as reducing municipal waste disposal by landfilling to 10%. We first analyze the imbalance in municipal solid waste management across Italy by estimating the quantities of waste to be treated using technologies different from those currently in use. Subsequently, we estimate the impact that a system compliant with circular economy goals would have on the cost of waste management. Our empirical analyses are based on an econometric method. The results suggest that Italy could reduce the use of landfill by 11.5%, resulting in a 13% reduction in mechanical-biological treatment. The waste-to-energy capacity would rise by 4.6% compared to the current situation, while the organic fraction treatment capacity would increase by 8.3%. Besides the positive impact on the environment, the potential annual savings on the cost of waste management could reach 0.07%, or 0.27% when the phase corresponding to treatment and disposal is considered. We provide insights into the design of more efficient national waste management plans using a novel approach based on best performers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Carbon Trade on Outsourcing Remanufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10804
Author(s):  
Xiqiang Xia ◽  
Mengya Li ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Trade Prices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Outsourcing remanufacturing is an important way to achieve resource recycling, green manufacturing and carbon neutrality goals. To analyze the impact of carbon trade on manufacturing/remanufacturing under outsourcing remanufacturing, this article builds a game model between an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a remanufacturer under the carbon trade policy. In the outsourcing remanufacturing model, this article compares the impact of the carbon trade policy on the unit retail price, sales volume, revenue, environmental impact, and consumer surplus of new and remanufactured products. The research mainly draws the following conclusions: (1) Carbon trade increases the prices of both new and remanufactured products and the cost of outsourcing. Only when certain conditions are met can increased carbon trade prices increase revenue. (2) The carbon trade policy helps reduce the adverse impact on the environment, but only when the carbon trade price is greater than a certain threshold can it increase consumer surplus. (3) Consumer preferences and carbon emissions of the unit product affect manufacturers’ profits. Increased consumer preference for remanufactured products and reduced carbon emissions of remanufactured products contribute to increased sales and revenues.

scholarly journals Assessing the economics of animal trypanosomosis in Africa - history and current perspectives : vector-borne diseases : trypanosomosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P.M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Trypanosomosis ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Finding appropriate ways of dealing with the problem of tsetse and trypanosomosis will be an important component of efforts to alleviate poverty in Africa. This article reviews the history of economic analyses of the problem, starting with the use of cost to guide choice of technique for tsetse control in the 1950s, followed by work in the 1970s and 1980s linking these to the impact of the disease on livestock productivity, and in the 1990s to its wider impact. In the current situation, with limited resources and a range of techniques for controlling or eliminating tsetse, the cost implications of choosing one technique or another are important and a recent study reviewed these costs. A novel approach to assessing the potential benefits from removing trypanosomosis by creating 'money maps' showed that high losses from animal trypanosomosis currently occur in areas with high cattle population densities on the margins of the tsetse distribution and where animal traction is an important component of farming systems. Given the importance of the decisions to be made in the next decade, when prioritising and choosing techniques for dealing with tsetse and trypanosomosis, more work needs to be done underpinning such mapping exercises and estimating the true cost and likely impact of planned interventions.

scholarly journals Port Efficiency and Supply Chain: Implication for Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Sukanta Sen ◽  
Md Akramuzzaman Shaikh ◽  
Anis Mohammad Tareq ◽  
Mohammad Shahedul Islam ◽  
Wang Xuefeng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Port Efficiency ◽  
Infrastructure Improvement ◽  
Freight Forwarder ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Port and supply chains are closely connected to each other as a port is considered as an important node of the global supply chain. Sothe efficiency level of port has an impact on the performance of supply chain operations. Chittagong port is the principal seaport of Bangladesh and it provides a major gateway to the outside world. The cost of doing business is increasing as a result of the inefficiency in the main seaport of the country. In this paper, an effort has been taken to examine the efficiency of Chittagong Port and the causal factors of inefficiency. The impact of inefficiency at Chittagong port on the supply chain of Bangladesh has also been identified. To do this, at first a relationship has been built between port efficiency and supply chain in respect of Bangladesh. Relevant data has been gathered through extensive review of the literature, field surveys, interacting with top management of different business entities such as shipping agency, freight forwarder, logistics companies, exporter, importer as well as Government regulatory and monitoring bodies using both the structured and unstructured questionnaires. The study has revealed that theinefficiency at Chittagong port causes serious consequences on the supply chain of exporter and importer and lead to loss and disruption of trade and ultimately incur extra costs and time. This paper, therefore, recommends a substantial infrastructure improvement to Chittagong port along with other related measures in order to facilitate the supply chain of exporter and importer.

scholarly journals Using Digital Devices in the Online Shopping: a Study of Demographic Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
Radovan Bacik ◽  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Richard Fedorko ◽  
Maria Olearova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Parametric

The paper deals with the investigation of the analysis that reveals the impact of digitalization as the development of new communication platforms, which are also changing the consumer’s purchasing behavior in the online environment. The main goal of this research is to identify consumer preferences concerning the communication platforms of digital equipment for purchasing in the online environment. The study is focused primarily on smartphones, tablets, phablets, laptops, PDAs, and desktops. The survey sample amounts to 414 respondents. The authors observed the differences in preferences on types of digital devices based on the sex, generations, the level of education of respondents, and the frequency of the purchase. Methodological tools of this study are non-parametric tests and ordinal regression analysis. The analysis results stated that the most preferred device for the online purchase is the notebook for males and so for females. Herewith, the authors did not find statistically significant gender differences. It is expected that the impact of innovation various changes in these preferences, especially in a change to use tablets and smartphones. The analysis has shown that people mostly purchase via smartphone. Moreover, they are the customers with a higher frequency of purchases, and customers of generation X, which means that even the older consumers. The paper includes practical implications, particularly for business entities, for the reason that knowledge of the options leads to the right set of strategies and will follow the effective achievement of business aims. Businesses with the characteristics of an innovative and active entity have a much greater chance of becoming a prosperous company. These companies are able to respond flexibly to the values of those consumers who are using their digital devices. The ever-increasing global interest in digital shopping signals the urgent need to deepen knowledge of consumer behavior. Keywords: digital devices, E-commerce, online shopping, Slovakia, generation, regression analysis, non-parametric methods.

scholarly journals Intangible Assets Reporting: the Case of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
Hana Bohušová ◽  
Patrik Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact

The cost structure of business entities has been changing in the span of time. Costs associated with intangible assets such as software, patents, licenses, copyrights and goodwill became an important item of costs in the recent days. The paper is focused on the evaluation of the share of intangible assets in total assets and the costs associated with intangible assets in business companies operating in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in the Czech Republic. The analyzed sample of companies represents two groups of business entities: entities preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRS and the entities preparing financial statement according to the Czech Accounting legislation (CAL). The sample covers period after the mandatory implementation of IFRS for listed companies - starting in 2005 and ending in 2015. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of intangible assets reporting methodology using criteria as the share of this category in assets of companies, its structure and its changes over time and to identify possible reasons for this situation. The analysis revealed that there is an increasing tendency in volume of IAs in companies listed in Prague Stock Exchange.

scholarly journals Implementation of a Full Momentum Conservative Approach in Modelling Flow Through Tidal Structures

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Čož ◽  
Reza Ahmadian ◽  
Roger A. Falconer
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Vertical Velocity Profile ◽  
Swansea Bay ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impact of various hydraulic structures, such as coastal reservoirs and tidal range impoundments, has been one of the key challenges of hydro–environmental engineering in recent years. Over the last half-century, several proposals for tidal range schemes in the UK have been scrutinised and then abandoned due to the uncertainty over the environmental footprint and/or the cost of electricity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the fundamental assumptions for reliable hydrodynamic analysis of these projects. This study examined the impact of the fully conserved momentum through tidal structures using a novel approach. The method was applied to 2D and 3D versions of the regional model of Swansea Bay tidal lagoon, examining two different types of velocity distribution at turbine exit. A simplified distribution significantly increased the velocity and length of the jet exiting the turbines during power generation. A realistic distribution gave more accurate results, with jet velocities more closely resembling the situation without including the momentum. The 3D model with realistic distribution has markedly improved the resulting vertical velocity profile. The value of the improved methodology for momentum conservation has proved to be particularly useful in local-scale studies. It can be applied to other similar hydraulic structures and used for the analysis of sediment transport, water quality, etc.

scholarly journals Between rights and values. On the polish noncompliance with the Istanbul convention

Eudaimonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 87-116
Author(s):  
Karolina Gawinowska
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Istanbul Convention

Data provided by the Police of the Republic of Poland reveal that nearly 250,000 persons are affected by domestic violence annually. Between 400 and 500 women die as a result thereof. The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence of 2011 (Istanbul Convention) is a result of joint efforts undertaken by European States in order to protect women and other victims of domestic violence. The paper elaborates on the impact of the Istanbul Convention on the domestic practice in the Republic of Poland. The aim of this part is to outline the practical importance of the treaty. I present amendments made to the Polish legal system since ratification of the Treaty and discuss the impact of the Istanbul Convention on the Polish legal system, and practice. The paper discusses the findings of the research against the theoretical background, by use of the main assumptions of Integrated Theory by Oona Hathaway.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ENSURING FINANCIAL RESULTS MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Peniak ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Horokhovatska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of any enterprise in the market economy is to obtain high financial results. One of the main conditions for the effective functioning of the enterprise is ability to generate profit in the amount that will create the financial basis for further development and expansion of the enterprise, comply with social and material needs, ensure competitiveness in the market of goods and services. The need for accounting and analytical management of financial results stems from needs of owners, the state and employees in information that will enable them to identify patterns and trends in financial results, identify and assess the main factors influencing the process of their creation, distribution and usage, identify reserves and thus increase the level of profitability. Despite the significant scientific contribution in the field of research of financial results of the enterprises, the issue of improvement aims to the accounting and analytical maintenance of management of financial results of the enterprise remains actual. That is why the purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and practical aspects and develop approaches to improving the mechanism of formation of accounting and analytical support for the management of financial results of the enterprise. Accounting and analytical management of financial results of the enterprise is a set of interconnected elements of production and management system, activities carried out by the subject of management, creation of a certain structure, as well as collection, accumulation, storage and analysis of information necessary for effective operation of the enterprise. The main components of the study of accounting and analytical support of financial performance management are the formation of methods of analysis, control and forecasting of financial results, which requires specification of the components of the analytical and controlled process within the organizational and information model. Namely, the formation of reliable information about the financial condition of the enterprise, the analysis of economic indicators of the enterprise is of great importance in the system of general evaluation of business entities. Their research makes it possible to assess the dynamics of the structure of income and expenses, to determine the impact of factors on the company's profit from various activities, as well as to find reserves to increase the net profit of enterprises. Thus, the improvement of accounting and analytical support of enterprise management is based on the use of modern forms, methods and principles that place new demands on the formation of unbiased, complete, timely, clear and useful accounting and analytical information about the enterprise and its financial results.

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