scholarly journals Iklim Mikro dan Respon Fisiologis Sapi Pesisir di Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi Sumatera Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetmaneli Yetmaneli ◽  
B. P. Purwanto ◽  
Rudi Priyanto ◽  
Wasmen Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Environmental Measures

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan melihat potensi iklim mikro dan respon fisiologis sapi Pesisir yang dipelihara di dataran rendah (Kota Padang (0-300 m dpl )) dan dataran tinggi (BPTU Padang Mengatas ( 600 m dpl)) Sumatera Barat. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini 8 ekor sapi Pesisir, variabel yang diukur terdiri dari 2 aspek yaitu lingkungan abiotik dan aspek fisiologis sapi Pesisir. Aspek lingkungan abiotik berupa suhu lingkungan (Ta), kelembapan udara (RH) serta Temperature Humidity Index (THI). Variabel fisiologis sapi meliputi suhu rektal (Tr), suhu kulit (Ts), frekuensi pernapasan (RR) dan denyut jantung (HR). Tr dan TS digunakan menghitung suhu tubuh sapi (Tb). Tr dan RR digunakan menghitung Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC). Uji beda (t-test) digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kondisi iklim dan respon fisiologis sapi Pesisir di dataran rendah dan tinggi Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi iklim di dataran rendah adalah rerata suhu lingkungan 29,96°C, rerata kelembapan 64,22%, rerata THI 79,96 sedangkan potensi iklim di dataran tinggi adalah rerata suhu lingkungan 25,42°C, rerata kelembapan 69,48%, rerata THI 74,3. Rerata daya tahan panas sapi di dataran rendah 1,78 dan dataran tinggi 1,82. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan potensi iklim dataran rendah untuk pemeliharaan sapi termasuk zona cekaman panas sedangkan dataran tinggi dalam cekaman ringan. Kondisi fisiologis sapi Pesisir di dataran rendah yang berbeda dengan sapi yang di dataran tinggi adalah suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh dan denyut jantung sedangkan frekuensi pernapasan didapatkan sama di kedua dataran. Daya tahan panas sapi Pesisir cukup baik ditemui di kedua dataran Sumatera Barat. (Microclimate and physiological responses of Pesisir cattle at lowland and highland of West Sumatra) ABSTRACT. This research aimed to investigate the potential of microclimate and physiological responses of Pesisir cattle that are maintained in lowland (Padang City (0-300 m asl)) and highland (Padang Mengatas BPTU ( 600 m asl)) in West Sumatra. The experimental animals were 8 pesisir cattle. The measured variables were abiotic environment and physiological responses of Pesisir cattle. Abiotic environmental measures were ambient temperature (Ta), humidity (RH) and Temperature Humidity Index (THI). Physiological variables were rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR). Tr and Ts were used to determine body temperature (Tb). Tr and RR are variables for calculating Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC). To determine whether there are differences in climatic conditions and physiological values in the two regions, the data were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that climate potential in the lowlands was the average Ta 29.96° C, the average Rh 64.22% with an average THI 79.96 while the potential climate in the highlands was the average Ta 25.42°C, the average Rh 69, 48% with a mean THI of 74.3. The average HTC of cattle in the lowlands is 1.78 and the highlands is 1.82. The conclusion showed the climate potential of lowland for raising beef cattle includes heat stress zones, while the highlands there was mild stress. The physiological conditions of Pesisir cattle in the lowlands different from the highlands are Tr, Ts, Tb, and HR while RR is found the same in both plains. HTC of Pesisir cattle is good in both plains of West Sumatera.

scholarly journals Mikroklimat, Termoregulasi dan Produktivitas Sapi Perah Friesians Holstein pada Ketinggian Tempat Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Anneke Anggraeni ◽  
Asep Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Different Altitudes

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap kondisi mikroklimat,termoregulasi dan produktivitas sapi Friesian-Holstein (FH). Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga lokasi dengan ketinggian berbeda, yaituPodok Ranggon (97mdpl), Ciawi (576mdpl), dan Lembang (1241mdpl). Sebanyak 63 sapi FH dalam kondisi laktasi normal digunakan dalam penelitian ini.  Aspek lingkungan meliputi suhu udara, kelembaban relatif dan Temperature-Humidity Index di dicatat setiap 2 jam dari pukul 08.00 sampai 16.00 WIB. Parameter termoregulasi yang diamati terdiri atas suhu kulit (Ts),suhu rektal (Tr), suhu tubuh (Tb), denyut jantung (Hr),laju pernapasan (Rr), dan Heat Tolerance Coeficient (HTC).Berdasarkan nilai Ta, Rr dan THI, dataran rendah memberikan dampak cekaman panas sedang, dataran sedangdan tinggi memberikan dampak cekaman panas ringan pada sapi perah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sapi dataran rendah memiliki Nilai HTC, Tr, Ts dan Tb tertinggi (P<0,05) dan Hr yang terendah (P<0,05). Produksi susu di ketiga lokasi penelitian berbeda nyata (P<0,05), dengan produksi susu tertinggi di dataran tinggi (13,1±3,52 kg),dataran sedang (11,3±4,73 kg) dan dataran rendah (7,0±3,36 kg). Secara umum sapi FH di dataran rendah, sedang dan tinggi tercekam panas akibat kondisi lingkungan yang berada pada kondisi di luar zona nyamanselama musim kemarau, akan tetapi mampu beradaptasi terhadap kondisi tersebut. Kata kunci: ketinggian tempat, produktivitas, sapi perah, cekaman panas, termoregulasiABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to determine altitude effect on microclimate, thermoregulation and productivity of Friesian Holstein. Research was conducted in different altitudes, i.e.: Pondok Ranggon (97m asl), Ciawi (576m asl), and Lembang (1241 m asl). A total of 63 FH cows in normal lactation were used in this study. Microclimate aspects observation includes environmental temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) were recorded every 2 hours from 08.00 to 16.00. The physiological responses measurements consisted of skin temperature (Ts), rectal temperature (Tr), body temperature (Tb), heart rate (Hr), respiratory rate (Rr) and Heat Tolerance Coeficient (HTC). Lowland environmental provide moderate heat stress, while the medium and highland impacts with mild stress. The results showed that lowland cows have highest HTC, Tr, Ts and Tb (P<0.05) and lowest Hr (P<0.05). Milk production in the different altitude was significantly different (P<0.05), with the highest milk yields in the highlands (13.1±3.52 kg), medium (11.3±4.73 kg) and lowland (7.0±3.36 kg). In general, HF dairy cows in low-, medium- and highland are exposed to climatic stress during dry season conditions, although they have the ability to adapt physiologically and cope with environmental stress.  Keyworlds: altitude, dairy cattle, heat stress, productivity, physiological responses

A practical future-scenarios selection tool to breed for heat tolerance in Australian dairy cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
Jennie E. Pryce
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Selection Tool ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index

Climate change will have an impact on dairy cow performance. When heat stressed, animals consume less feed, followed by a decline in milk yield. Previously, we have found that there is genetic variation in this decline. Selection for increased milk production, a major breeding objective, is expected to reduce heat tolerance (HT), as these traits are genetically unfavourably correlated. We aimed to develop a future-scenarios selection tool to assist farmers in making selection decisions, that combines the current national dairy selection index, known as the balanced performance index (BPI), with a proposed HT genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). Heat-tolerance GEBV was estimated for 12 062 genotyped cows and 10 981 bulls, using an established genomic-prediction equation. Publicly available future daily average temperature and humidity data were used to estimate mean daily temperature–humidity index for each dairy herd. An economic estimate of an individual cow’s heat-tolerance breeding value (BV_HT) was calculated by multiplying head-tolerance GEBVs for milk, fat and protein by their respective economic values that are already used in the BPI. This was scaled for each region by multiplying BV_HT by the heat load, which is the temperature–humidity index units exceeding the threshold per year at a particular location. BV_HT were incorporated into the BPI as: BPI_HT = BPI + BV_HT; where BPI_HT is the ‘augmented BPI’ breeding value including HT. A web-based application was developed enabling farmers to predict the future heat load of a herd and take steps to aim at genetic improvement in future generations by selecting bulls and cows that rank high for the ‘augmented BPI’.

scholarly journals What is the best temperature-humidity index equation to indicate heat stress in crossbred dairy calves in a tropical environment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gatti de Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Hellen Cris Pinto Aguiar ◽  
Gustavo Moya Rodrigues ◽  
Ednaldo Carvalho Guimarães ◽  
Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine among nine temperature-humidity index (THI) equations, the one that best represents the effects of heat stress on crossbred dairy calves reared in a tropical environment. Twelve male and female calves, aged 20 to 60 days, and raised in a tropical pen were evaluated. Respiratory (RR) and heart rates (HR), rectal (RT), body surface (BST), dry bulb (Tdb) and wet bulb (Tbw) temperatures, partial vapor pressure (Pv), relative humidity (RH) and dew point temperature (Tpo) were quantified in the morning and afternoon. Nine THI equations were calculated. The highest correlation between physiological variables and this was used to select the best THI equation. Averages for nine THI equations, Tdb, Twb, Pv, Tdp, RR, HR, RT, and BST were higher in the afternoon than in the morning, whereas that for RH was the opposite. The highest values for RT occurred at temperatures above 26.4°C and when humidity was below 55.5%. The Tdb and Pv correlations with RR (0.697 and 0.707), RT (0.703 and 0.706) and BST (0.818 and 0.817) were significant and positive, whereas the RH correlations with the same physiological variables were significant and negative (-0.622, -0.590 and -0.638, respectively). The best index was the THI sensible heat-based ( T H I = 3.43 + 1.058 x T d b - 0.293 x R H + 0.0164 x T d b x R H + 35.7), which was significantly correlated with RR (r=0.668 and r²=0.446), HR (r=0.259 and r²=0.067), RT (r=0.693 and r²=0.479) and BST (r=0.807 and r²=0.650). In conclusion, the THI sensible heat-based equation best represents the effects of heat stress on crossbred dairy calves reared in a tropical environment.

The influence of heat load on Merino sheep. 1. Growth, performance, behaviour and climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
A. M. Lees ◽  
M. L. Sullivan ◽  
J. C. W. Olm ◽  
A. J. Cawdell-Smith ◽  
J. B. Gaughan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Live Export

Context Annually, millions of sheep are exported from Australia to the Middle East, typically during the southern hemisphere winter to the northern hemisphere summer. During these voyages, sheep can be exposed to relatively rapid changes in ambient conditions within a short period of time (≤29 days); therefore, excessive heat load concerns can arise. Aims The aim of this study was to define the responses of sheep to incremental heat load under simulated live export conditions. The study herein describes (1) the heat load imposed, and (2) the effect of this heat load on the growth, performance and behavioural responses of sheep during periods of incremental heat load. Methods A total of 144 Merino wethers (44.02 ± 0.32 kg) were included in a 29-day climate controlled study using two cohorts of 72 sheep (n = 2), exposed to two treatments: (1) thermoneutral and (2) hot (HOT). Ambient temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) for the HOT treatment were modelled from live export voyages from Australia to the Middle East in July. Climatic conditions within the climate control chambers were recorded at 10-min intervals, then used to calculate a temperature humidity index. Sheep posture, rumination, eating, drinking and demeanour (calm, agitated or depressed) were observed four times daily at 3-h intervals between 0800 hours and 1700 hours. Feed intake was recorded daily and water intake was measured using an automated meter. Sheep were weighed on Day 0 and then at 7-day intervals. Sheep were weighed at slaughter and carcass weights were obtained, these data were used to determine carcass dressing percentage. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, with a compound symmetry covariance structure. Key results Climatic conditions in the HOT treatment increased incrementally between Day 1 (temperature humidity index ≥19) and Day 29 (temperature humidity index ≤34.7). Behaviour, feed intake, average daily gain (g/day), carcass weight (kg) and dressing percentage were not influenced by treatment (P &gt; 0.05). Sheep in the HOT treatment group showed a 137% increase in water intake (P &lt; 0.01) and on average consumed 2.15 L/sheep.day, whereas the thermoneutral group consumed 1.67 L/sheep.day. Conclusions These results suggest that these sheep were capable of maintaining feed intake and growth despite exposure to heat load, albeit with a 137% increase in water intake. Implications These results highlight the resilience of the Australian Merino genotype, as these sheep were capable of maintaining feed intake and growth during exposure to heat load. As the climatic conditions in this study were modelled based on typical live export vessel conditions, these results may suggest that the climatic conditions experienced by sheep during voyages may not be as critical as previously thought.

Identification of best temperature humidity index model for assessing impact of heat stress on milk constituent traits in Murrah buffaloes under subtropical climatic conditions of Northern India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalaxmi Behera ◽  
A. K. Chakravarty ◽  
A. Sahu ◽  
N. Kashyap ◽  
S. Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Impact

The present study was conducted to identify the most suitable temperature humidity index (THI) model among seven reported THI models for analyzing the impact of thermal stress on monthly test day fat % (MTDF%),monthly test day SNF% (MTSNF%), monthly test day fat yield (MTDFY) and monthly test day SNF yield (MTDSNFY) of Murrah buffaloes at subtropical climatic conditions of Karnal, India. A total of 8868 MTDF% and 8606 MTDSNF% records from 1107 lactational records of Murrah buffaloes under five parities were included in the present study and weather information on dry bulb temperature (Tdb), wet bulb temperature (Twb) and relative humidity (RH in %) for the corresponding period of 20 years (March 1994- December 2013) were collected from ICAR-NDRI and ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal, respectively. The overall least-squares means for MTDF% ranged from 7.71 ± 0.067 in TD1 to 8.10 ± 0.08 in TD 9 and MTDSNF% ranged from 9.61 ± 0.01 in TD5 and TD 6 to 9.65 ± 0.01 in TD 8. The overall least squares means of MTDFY (g) ranged from 411.23 ± 14.74 to 745.98 ± 13.57 while for MTDSNFY (g) the value ranged from 491.90 ± 17.21 to 922.16 ± 15.17. Monthly average THI was computed for each of the seven models. The lowest monthly average THI value was found in January, while either May, June or July showed the highest average THI value for all seven THI models. Regression analysis was performed for identifying the best THI to assess the impact of heat stress on milk constituent traits under study anda negative association was found between the milk constituent traits and monthly average THI values.The THI model[THI = (0.55 × Tdb + 0.2 × Tdp) × 1.8 + 32 + 17.5]developed by NRC(1971)was identified as the most suitable THI model to assess the impact of heat stress on milk composition traits of Murrah indicating maximum decline in MTDF% (-0.005), MTDFY (-0.68 g),MTDSNF% (b=-0.0008) and MTDSNFY (-2.25 g) per unit rise in THI.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on Some Haematological Parameters in Cow

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mazzullo ◽  
Claudia Rifici ◽  
Gino Caccamo ◽  
Maria Rizzo ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Measure Analysis ◽  
Humidity Index

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish physiological responses of Piemontese cows to different environmental conditions (ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index). To this end, 43 clinically healthy Piemontese cows aged 2-12 years were used to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on haematological parameters. For each period, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded by means of a data logger and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated as indicator of thermal comfort for cattle. Blood samples were collected at 4 time points under different environmental conditions (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and analysed for haematological parameters. One way repeated measure analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of time (P<0.0001) on RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Plt, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The majority of haematological values obtained in the present study, even though within the physiological range for cattle, showed that variations in haematological parameters are related to changes in ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index. These results provide insight into the physiological responses of Piemontese cows to different environmental conditions, allowing to better evaluate its ability to adapt and cope with environmental stress.

scholarly journals Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Khawar Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hadeed Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Humidity Index

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

scholarly journals Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi NABENISHI ◽  
Hiroshi OHTA ◽  
Toshihumi NISHIMOTO ◽  
Tetsuo MORITA ◽  
Koji ASHIZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Humidity Index
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