scholarly journals Mikroklimat, Termoregulasi dan Produktivitas Sapi Perah Friesians Holstein pada Ketinggian Tempat Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Cece Sumantri ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Anneke Anggraeni ◽  
Asep Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Different Altitudes

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap kondisi mikroklimat,termoregulasi dan produktivitas sapi Friesian-Holstein (FH). Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga lokasi dengan ketinggian berbeda, yaituPodok Ranggon (97mdpl), Ciawi (576mdpl), dan Lembang (1241mdpl). Sebanyak 63 sapi FH dalam kondisi laktasi normal digunakan dalam penelitian ini.  Aspek lingkungan meliputi suhu udara, kelembaban relatif dan Temperature-Humidity Index di dicatat setiap 2 jam dari pukul 08.00 sampai 16.00 WIB. Parameter termoregulasi yang diamati terdiri atas suhu kulit (Ts),suhu rektal (Tr), suhu tubuh (Tb), denyut jantung (Hr),laju pernapasan (Rr), dan Heat Tolerance Coeficient (HTC).Berdasarkan nilai Ta, Rr dan THI, dataran rendah memberikan dampak cekaman panas sedang, dataran sedangdan tinggi memberikan dampak cekaman panas ringan pada sapi perah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sapi dataran rendah memiliki Nilai HTC, Tr, Ts dan Tb tertinggi (P<0,05) dan Hr yang terendah (P<0,05). Produksi susu di ketiga lokasi penelitian berbeda nyata (P<0,05), dengan produksi susu tertinggi di dataran tinggi (13,1±3,52 kg),dataran sedang (11,3±4,73 kg) dan dataran rendah (7,0±3,36 kg). Secara umum sapi FH di dataran rendah, sedang dan tinggi tercekam panas akibat kondisi lingkungan yang berada pada kondisi di luar zona nyamanselama musim kemarau, akan tetapi mampu beradaptasi terhadap kondisi tersebut. Kata kunci: ketinggian tempat, produktivitas, sapi perah, cekaman panas, termoregulasiABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to determine altitude effect on microclimate, thermoregulation and productivity of Friesian Holstein. Research was conducted in different altitudes, i.e.: Pondok Ranggon (97m asl), Ciawi (576m asl), and Lembang (1241 m asl). A total of 63 FH cows in normal lactation were used in this study. Microclimate aspects observation includes environmental temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) were recorded every 2 hours from 08.00 to 16.00. The physiological responses measurements consisted of skin temperature (Ts), rectal temperature (Tr), body temperature (Tb), heart rate (Hr), respiratory rate (Rr) and Heat Tolerance Coeficient (HTC). Lowland environmental provide moderate heat stress, while the medium and highland impacts with mild stress. The results showed that lowland cows have highest HTC, Tr, Ts and Tb (P<0.05) and lowest Hr (P<0.05). Milk production in the different altitude was significantly different (P<0.05), with the highest milk yields in the highlands (13.1±3.52 kg), medium (11.3±4.73 kg) and lowland (7.0±3.36 kg). In general, HF dairy cows in low-, medium- and highland are exposed to climatic stress during dry season conditions, although they have the ability to adapt physiologically and cope with environmental stress.  Keyworlds: altitude, dairy cattle, heat stress, productivity, physiological responses

scholarly journals Iklim Mikro dan Respon Fisiologis Sapi Pesisir di Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi Sumatera Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetmaneli Yetmaneli ◽  
B. P. Purwanto ◽  
Rudi Priyanto ◽  
Wasmen Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Environmental Measures

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan melihat potensi iklim mikro dan respon fisiologis sapi Pesisir yang dipelihara di dataran rendah (Kota Padang (0-300 m dpl )) dan dataran tinggi (BPTU Padang Mengatas ( 600 m dpl)) Sumatera Barat. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini 8 ekor sapi Pesisir, variabel yang diukur terdiri dari 2 aspek yaitu lingkungan abiotik dan aspek fisiologis sapi Pesisir. Aspek lingkungan abiotik berupa suhu lingkungan (Ta), kelembapan udara (RH) serta Temperature Humidity Index (THI). Variabel fisiologis sapi meliputi suhu rektal (Tr), suhu kulit (Ts), frekuensi pernapasan (RR) dan denyut jantung (HR). Tr dan TS digunakan menghitung suhu tubuh sapi (Tb). Tr dan RR digunakan menghitung Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC). Uji beda (t-test) digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kondisi iklim dan respon fisiologis sapi Pesisir di dataran rendah dan tinggi Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi iklim di dataran rendah adalah rerata suhu lingkungan 29,96°C, rerata kelembapan 64,22%, rerata THI 79,96 sedangkan potensi iklim di dataran tinggi adalah rerata suhu lingkungan 25,42°C, rerata kelembapan 69,48%, rerata THI 74,3. Rerata daya tahan panas sapi di dataran rendah 1,78 dan dataran tinggi 1,82. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan potensi iklim dataran rendah untuk pemeliharaan sapi termasuk zona cekaman panas sedangkan dataran tinggi dalam cekaman ringan. Kondisi fisiologis sapi Pesisir di dataran rendah yang berbeda dengan sapi yang di dataran tinggi adalah suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh dan denyut jantung sedangkan frekuensi pernapasan didapatkan sama di kedua dataran. Daya tahan panas sapi Pesisir cukup baik ditemui di kedua dataran Sumatera Barat. (Microclimate and physiological responses of Pesisir cattle at lowland and highland of West Sumatra) ABSTRACT. This research aimed to investigate the potential of microclimate and physiological responses of Pesisir cattle that are maintained in lowland (Padang City (0-300 m asl)) and highland (Padang Mengatas BPTU ( 600 m asl)) in West Sumatra. The experimental animals were 8 pesisir cattle. The measured variables were abiotic environment and physiological responses of Pesisir cattle. Abiotic environmental measures were ambient temperature (Ta), humidity (RH) and Temperature Humidity Index (THI). Physiological variables were rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR). Tr and Ts were used to determine body temperature (Tb). Tr and RR are variables for calculating Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC). To determine whether there are differences in climatic conditions and physiological values in the two regions, the data were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that climate potential in the lowlands was the average Ta 29.96° C, the average Rh 64.22% with an average THI 79.96 while the potential climate in the highlands was the average Ta 25.42°C, the average Rh 69, 48% with a mean THI of 74.3. The average HTC of cattle in the lowlands is 1.78 and the highlands is 1.82. The conclusion showed the climate potential of lowland for raising beef cattle includes heat stress zones, while the highlands there was mild stress. The physiological conditions of Pesisir cattle in the lowlands different from the highlands are Tr, Ts, Tb, and HR while RR is found the same in both plains. HTC of Pesisir cattle is good in both plains of West Sumatera.

Comparative Efficacy of Physiological Responses and Skin Temperatures in Indigenous and Crossbred Cattle Supplemented with Chlorophytum borivilianum in Summer Season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Devi ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
Yallappa M. Somagond ◽  
A.K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Chlorophytum Borivilianum ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Background: Heat stress causes oxidative stress and declines milk production potential of cows. The physiological responses and skin temperature of heat stressed animals are good indices for deterring the heat stress. The efficacy of medicinal herb Chlorophytum borivilianum (CB) was tested in lowering the rise in values of physiological responses and skin temperature in crossbred vis a vis Indigenous cows. Methods: Eighteen Tharparkar (TP) and Crossbred KF cows in mid-lactation were given; No supplement (control), a low (T1, n=6) and a high dose (T2, n=6) of CB @ 40 and 80 mg/kg BW/day, respectively for 90 days during hot-humid season. Respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) was recorded at the site of forehead, neck, rear body, and udder surface in the morning and afternoon at weekly intervals. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated to assess the degree of thermal stress in animals. Result: Physiological responses and skin temperatures were higher (p less than 0.01) in the afternoon than morning intervals in TP and KF cows. CB feeding significantly lowered physiological responses and ST (p less than 0.01) in high dose as compared to low dose. It was concluded that CB feeding @ 80 mg/kg BW/day effectively alleviates the heat stress. Indigenous cows were found more heat tolerant in comparison to crossbred cows.

scholarly journals Critical Temperature-Humidity Index Thresholds for Dry Cows in a Subtropical Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Ouellet ◽  
Izabella M. Toledo ◽  
Bethany Dado-Senn ◽  
Geoffrey E. Dahl ◽  
Jimena Laporta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index

The effects of heat stress on dry cows are profound and significantly contribute to lower overall welfare, productivity, and profitability of the dairy sector. Although dry cows are more thermotolerant than lactating cows due to their non-lactating state, similar environmental thresholds are currently used to estimate the degree of heat strain and cooling requirements. Records of dry cow studies conducted over 5 years in Gainesville, Florida, USA were pooled and analyzed to determine environmental thresholds at which dry cows exhibit signs of heat stress in a subtropical climate. Dry-pregnant multiparous dams were actively cooled (CL; shade of a freestall barn, fans and water soakers, n = 107) or not (HT; shade only, n = 111) during the last 7 weeks of gestation, concurrent with the entire dry period. Heat stress environmental indices, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index (THI), and animal-based indices, including respiration rate, rectal temperature and daily dry matter intake were recorded in all studies. Simple correlations were performed between temperature-humidity index and each animal-based indicator. Differences in respiration rate, rectal temperature and dry matter intake between treatments were analyzed by multiple regression. Using segmented regression, temperature-humidity thresholds for significant changes in animal-based indicators of heat stress were estimated. Stronger significant correlations were found between the temperature-humidity index and all animal-based indices measured in HT dry cows (−0.22 ≤ r ≤ 0.35) relative to CL dry cows (−0.13 ≤ r ≤ 0.19). Although exposed to similar temperature-humidity index, rectal temperature (+0.3°C; P &lt; 0.001) and respiration rate (+23 breaths/min; P &lt; 0.001) were elevated in HT dry cows compared with CL cows whereas dry matter intake (−0.4 kg of dry matter/d; P = 0.003) was reduced. Temperature-humidity index thresholds at which respiration rate and rectal temperature began to change were both determined at a THI of 77 in HT dry cows. No significant temperature-humidity threshold was detected for dry matter intake. At a practical level, our results demonstrate that dry cow respiration rate and rectal temperature increased abruptly at a THI of 77 when provided only shade and managed in a subtropical climate. Therefore, in the absence of active cooling, dry cows should be closely monitored when or before THI reaches 77 to avoid further heat-stress related impairments during the dry period and the subsequent lactation and to mitigate potential carry-over effects on the offspring.

A practical future-scenarios selection tool to breed for heat tolerance in Australian dairy cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
Jennie E. Pryce
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Selection Tool ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index

Climate change will have an impact on dairy cow performance. When heat stressed, animals consume less feed, followed by a decline in milk yield. Previously, we have found that there is genetic variation in this decline. Selection for increased milk production, a major breeding objective, is expected to reduce heat tolerance (HT), as these traits are genetically unfavourably correlated. We aimed to develop a future-scenarios selection tool to assist farmers in making selection decisions, that combines the current national dairy selection index, known as the balanced performance index (BPI), with a proposed HT genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). Heat-tolerance GEBV was estimated for 12 062 genotyped cows and 10 981 bulls, using an established genomic-prediction equation. Publicly available future daily average temperature and humidity data were used to estimate mean daily temperature–humidity index for each dairy herd. An economic estimate of an individual cow’s heat-tolerance breeding value (BV_HT) was calculated by multiplying head-tolerance GEBVs for milk, fat and protein by their respective economic values that are already used in the BPI. This was scaled for each region by multiplying BV_HT by the heat load, which is the temperature–humidity index units exceeding the threshold per year at a particular location. BV_HT were incorporated into the BPI as: BPI_HT = BPI + BV_HT; where BPI_HT is the ‘augmented BPI’ breeding value including HT. A web-based application was developed enabling farmers to predict the future heat load of a herd and take steps to aim at genetic improvement in future generations by selecting bulls and cows that rank high for the ‘augmented BPI’.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature-Humidity-Index on Milk Performances of Local Born Holstein Dairy Cows Under Saharan Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Lazoumi Ouarfli ◽  
Abdelmadjid Chehma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Milking Frequency

Abstract The objective is to study the effect of heat stress on milk yield (MY) relative to milking records (n=18178) of native Holsteins (n=187), in the region of Ghardaia, according to periods of HS, using the temperature-humidity index (THI). With THI >72 during 07 months in the study area, which significantly (P<0.001) decrease the MY (-15.5% corresponding to 21.73 kg). Also, calving periods led to a significant drop (P < 0.001) in overall MY (7030.35 kg) of the order of (-14.6%), and over the lactation length (353.43 d), which explains 41% of the variations in MY. In addition, the non-significant effect (P=0.212) of the lactation range on the increase in MY, moreover, the lactation length shows a non-significant (P = 0.108) decrease (-4.68%) during heat stress (HS). Furthermore, the significant effect (P <0.001) of the interaction (Milking frequency × THI) on MY, when THI variates from < 74 to > 84, with regression of (-16.82% and -08.82%) of the MF (2X and 3X), respectively. Again, the NH cow is less sensitive to hyperthermia, so THI explains only 2% of the variation in MY levels. Thus, NH in arid regions have the ability to acclimatize to Saharan environmental conditions.

scholarly journals What is the best temperature-humidity index equation to indicate heat stress in crossbred dairy calves in a tropical environment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gatti de Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Hellen Cris Pinto Aguiar ◽  
Gustavo Moya Rodrigues ◽  
Ednaldo Carvalho Guimarães ◽  
Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine among nine temperature-humidity index (THI) equations, the one that best represents the effects of heat stress on crossbred dairy calves reared in a tropical environment. Twelve male and female calves, aged 20 to 60 days, and raised in a tropical pen were evaluated. Respiratory (RR) and heart rates (HR), rectal (RT), body surface (BST), dry bulb (Tdb) and wet bulb (Tbw) temperatures, partial vapor pressure (Pv), relative humidity (RH) and dew point temperature (Tpo) were quantified in the morning and afternoon. Nine THI equations were calculated. The highest correlation between physiological variables and this was used to select the best THI equation. Averages for nine THI equations, Tdb, Twb, Pv, Tdp, RR, HR, RT, and BST were higher in the afternoon than in the morning, whereas that for RH was the opposite. The highest values for RT occurred at temperatures above 26.4°C and when humidity was below 55.5%. The Tdb and Pv correlations with RR (0.697 and 0.707), RT (0.703 and 0.706) and BST (0.818 and 0.817) were significant and positive, whereas the RH correlations with the same physiological variables were significant and negative (-0.622, -0.590 and -0.638, respectively). The best index was the THI sensible heat-based ( T H I = 3.43 + 1.058 x T d b - 0.293 x R H + 0.0164 x T d b x R H + 35.7), which was significantly correlated with RR (r=0.668 and r²=0.446), HR (r=0.259 and r²=0.067), RT (r=0.693 and r²=0.479) and BST (r=0.807 and r²=0.650). In conclusion, the THI sensible heat-based equation best represents the effects of heat stress on crossbred dairy calves reared in a tropical environment.

Reassessment of temperature-humidity index for measuring heat stress in crossbred dairy cattle of a sub-tropical region

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhshan Jeelani ◽  
Dipanjali Konwar ◽  
Asma Khan ◽  
Dhirendra Kumar ◽  
Dibyendu Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Crossbred Dairy Cattle

scholarly journals Environmental source of stress in livestock productivity - a study of Minna climate data

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikiru Babatunde ◽  
Egena Acheneje ◽  
Alemede Comfort ◽  
Makinde John
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
The Tropics

Stress emanating from environment is a factor limiting livestock productivity in the Tropics because of elevated temperature year round; hence this study took a look at Minna climate data for evaluation of Temperature-Humidity- Index (THI) as a way of identifying climate source of stress on livestock production. Climate Normals for Minna between years 1961 and 2018 were obtained, and the data were analyzed using general formulae for calculating Temperature-Humidity-Index for livestock production. Relationships between production parameters on commercial farms and the THI data indicated that heat stress is a potential cause of oxidative stress in the area. The THI showed that the environmental conditions in the study area has potential for heat stress on animals, and that it can aggravate oxidative stress in livestock under production in the study area, hence there is need for further studies to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of heat stress so as to develop mitigation strategies for improved animal performance and productivity. The study suggested that instead of the penchant for importing exotic breeds of livestock with the aim of upgrading the indigenous breeds, the way forward could be the utilization of genetic expression of heat and oxidative stress genes in animals as candidate markers for improvement of their productive potentials.

scholarly journals The results of morphological examination of blood of cows under heat stress depending on the stages of temperature-humidity index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koshсhavka ◽  
◽  
N. Boyko ◽  
М. Tzvilikhovsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

The results of morphological studies of the blood of cows under heat stress indicate that the temperature - humidity index (THI) of animals in comfortable conditions (THI - 68-71) the number of erythrocytes is 5.78 ± 0.13 T / l, the hematocrit - 24.98 ± 1.02%, hemoglobin content - 89.96 ± 2.63 g / l, MCV - 39.76 ± 2.31 fl; MCH - 15.56 ± 1.32 pg; MCHC - 39.14 ± 1.95 g / dl. The total number of leukocytes in the blood of cows is 7.17 ± 0.54 G / l. The relative content (leukogram) and the absolute number of certain types of leukocytes in the blood of cows has no abnormalities. This suggests that the morphological parameters of the blood of cows in the comfortable conditions of THI meet the normative values for cattle and, in particular, Holstein breed. Under moderate heat stress (THI -72-78), in the blood of cows, along with a significant increase in respiratory rate and heart rate, there is a tendency to increase the number of erythrocytes to 5.82 ± 0.69 T / l, there is a significant increase in hematocrit and MCV by 20 and 47%, and a significant decrease in hemoglobin, MCH and MCHC - by 32, 35 and 55%, respectively, relative to control. However, in the blood of cows there is a tendency to decrease the number of leukocytes, with the simultaneous appearance of metamyelocytes, an increase in the number of eosinophils and rod neutrophils, and a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes by 27% compared to control. Under severe heat stress (THI - 80-90), when the pulse in cows fluctuates between 88-140 beats per minute, and the respiratory rate is 82.0 ± 3.76 respiratory movements, the number of erythrocytes in the blood of cows tends to decrease and is 5.01 ± 0.91 T / l. The hematocrit value is 21% significantly (p≤0.05) less than in cows under moderate heat stress, and is almost the same as in cows under comfortable conditions. The content of hemoglobin in the blood of cows in this period is significantly lower by 28% (p≤0.05) compared to that in cows under comfortable conditions with a slight tendency to increase compared to this figure in cows under moderate heat stress. Color indices indicate that in the blood of cows under severe heat stress there is a large number of young erythrocytes-macrocytes (MCV - 53.69 ± 3.22 fl), which are poor in hemoglobin (MSN - 12.95 ± 3.48 pg) and impaired hemoglobin formation (MCHC - 24.11 ± 2.23 g / dl). The total number of leukocytes in the blood of cows under severe heat stress is 10.80 ± 1.55 G / l, which is 78% (P≤0.01) more than under moderate heat stress and increases due to the appearance of young and an increase of almost in twice rod-shaped and segment-nuclear neutrophils and eosinophils with a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes.

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