The Path of Legalization of E-Cigarette Supervision

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6190-6195
Author(s):  
Ma Qihua ◽  
Cao Yanqiong
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Cigarette Industry ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Classification Management

In recent years, although people have paid more and more attention to the negative effects of e-cigarettes on people's health, and China has gradually strengthened the supervision of e-cigarettes in order to protect people, especially minors, from the infringement of e-cigarettes, the legalization of e-cigarettes supervision cannot be achieved overnight, and there are still some problems such as the lack of national industry standards, disputes over regulatory subjects, unclear classification management, etc. Therefore, China should speed up the introduction of industry standards, determine the regulatory body with the aim of protecting national health, especially the rights and interests of minors, scientifically define the categories of e-cigarettes and formulate different regulatory measures, so as to safeguard national health while taking into account the healthy development of the e-cigarette industry and stimulate the innovative spirit of private enterprises.

scholarly journals Institutional commitment and aging among allied health care professionals in the British National Health Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 095148482091851
Author(s):  
Deborah Roy ◽  
Andrew Keith Weyman ◽  
Reka Plugor ◽  
Peter Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Negative Effects

Because of a perceived decline in staff morale, the UK National Health Service has begun to routinely assess the extent to which commitment to the National Health Service may aid staff retention. While a number of studies have investigated the role of employee commitment in relation to staff turnover, no research to date has empirically tested if staff commitment to the NHS could protect job satisfaction from the effects of high job demands, and if this varies according to age. Using latent variable path analysis, this novel study examined this question among a national sample of Healthcare Professionals Allied to Medicine in the National Health Service. The results indicate that the negative effects of high job demands on job satisfaction were fully mediated by commitment to the National Health Service, but age mattered. Among the over 45s and over 55s, commitment to the National Health Service acted as an effective buffer against the negative effects of job demands on job satisfaction, but this effect was not as strong among the 35–44 age group. The broader policy implications of these findings are that age sensitive policies to support NHS workforce retention are needed. Also, pro-social institutions who employ Healthcare Professionals Allied to Medicine should develop policies for inspiring commitment to that institution, as it could help them with the demands of the job, and may even encourage more skilled workers to work longer.

scholarly journals How do aggression source, employee characteristics and organisational response impact the relationship between workplace aggression and work and health outcomes in healthcare employees? A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health Service staff survey in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e035957
Author(s):  
Shannon Cheng ◽  
Jeremy Dawson ◽  
Julie Thamby ◽  
Winston R Liaw ◽  
Eden B King
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Employee Characteristics ◽  
Healthcare Employees

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of aggression in healthcare and its association with employees’ turnover intentions, health and engagement, as well as how these effects differ based on aggression source (patients vs colleagues), employee characteristics (race, gender and occupation) and organisational response to the aggression.DesignMultilevel moderated regression analysis of 2010 National Health Service (NHS) survey.Setting147 acute NHS trusts in England.Participants36 850 participants across three occupational groups (14% medical/dental, 61% nursing/midwifery, 25% allied health professionals or scientific and technical staff).Main outcome measuresEmployee turnover intentions, health and work engagement.ResultsBoth forms of aggression (from patients and colleagues) have significant and substantial effects on turnover intentions, health and work engagement; however, for all three outcome variables, the effect of aggression from colleagues is more than twice the size of the effect of aggression from patients. Organisational response was found to buffer the negative effects of aggression from patients for turnover intentions and the negative effects of aggression from patients and colleagues for employee health. The results also demonstrated that nurses/midwives, women and Black employees are more likely to experience aggression; however, no clear patterns emerged on how aggression differentially impacts employees of different races, genders and occupations with respect to the outcome variables.ConclusionsAlthough aggression from patients and colleagues both have negative effects on healthcare employees’ turnover intentions, health and work engagement, these negative effects are worse when it is aggression from colleagues. Having an effective organisational response can help ameliorate the negative effects of aggression on employees’ health; however, it may not always buffer negative effects on turnover intentions and work engagement. Future research should examine other approaches, as well as how organisational responses and resources may need to differ based on aggression source.

Landfill Gas Detection in Leachate Pipe: A Consideration for Design Improvement of Leachate Piping and Gas Venting Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Mohd Amir Zaid bin Ghazali ◽  
Nasiman bin Sapari ◽  
Emmanuel Olisa ◽  
Hisyam Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Leachate Quality

Landfill provides simple and economic means of solid waste disposal. However, it causes negative effects to the environment due to leachate generation and greenhouse gas emissions. Current trends in landfill design allow aerobic or semi aerobic processes to take place inside the landfill to speed up degradation process and reduce odour. In Malaysia, the semi aerobic system of landfill design is adopted. This paper presents the study of the gas venting system and leachate quality of the semi aerobic landfill. The gas samples were collected from the end of the leachate pipe and the gas vent of a sanitary landfill by the water displacement method. Raw leachate samples from the landfill leachate ponds were collected and the COD of the samples were measured. The concentration of methane gas escaping from the leachate pipe was found to be around 13%. The COD content of the raw leachate was found to be more than 15000 mg/l. The improvement of landfill gas collection in Malaysia is recommended.

Evaluating the Evolution of the Personal Financial Planning Industry: Mutualism, Commensalism, or Parasitism

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Bryan Teoh Phern Chern
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
General System ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Personal Financial Planning

Objective – The personal financial planning and advice industry has been a growing industry for the past years and will continue to experience growth as the general wealth of the public increases, along with the economic recovery post Covid-19. This industry includes registered investment advisors (RIA) which are licensed by a locally approved institution, and financial educators and influencers that do not require licensing by a regulatory body. Methodology – There are many benefits that these parties can bring towards the financial health of their clients and viewers such as having a thorough personal financial plan, investment strategies, and retirement planning. However, this industry has also received many negative feedbacks and experiences from clients regarding the general system of the industry or specific areas within the sector. One of the objectives of this article is to evaluate the evolution of the personal financial planning industry over the years, how it has transitioned from traditional methods into current industry standards, and where it might be heading in the coming years. Findings– The findings of the paper provide clarity and insight into the mature industry which can benefit current and potential consumers, promoting healthier industry development. Novelty – The next objective is to investigate the risk and rewards of the current personal financial planning and advice industry towards consumers. This paper will critically review the past literature and evaluate contemporary views from various perspectives to achieve the above objectives. Type of Paper: Review JEL Classification: G20 I22 Keywords: Conflicts of interest; Financial advice; Financial planning; Influencers; Personal finance

Regulating private medical institutions: a case study of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ziyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Government Capacity

AbstractThe expansion of privatisation in health care has been discussed extensively in most European countries and remains a hot topic nowadays. In China, privatisation results in considerable changes in its health care system, especially accelerating the ever-growing private medical institutions (PMIs). The rapid growth of PMIs raises the question of regulation for the Chinese government. Given the fact that few studies are available on the regulation of PMIs in China, I attempted to fill that gap by discussing the development of PMIs with a special focus on legal–regulatory strategies. After assessing current legal–regulatory strategies concerning PMIs, the paper identifies three major concerns regarding effective legal rules (i.e. weak coherence, inconsistency and legislative vacancy) and three difficult issues regarding government capacity (i.e. the negative effects of decentralised political structure, the low professionalism of bureaucrats and lack of reliability) that impede the well-functioning of regulatory agencies in China. As a plausible response, the paper recommends that the newly drafted basic health law should assign a separate chapter to regulate PMIs and also an independent regulatory body should be established to manage the issues of PMIs in China. Detailed recommendations are the practical implications of ICESCR General Comment No. 14.

scholarly journals Testing COVID-19 in Brazil: fragmented efforts and challenges to expand diagnostic capacity at the Brazilian Unified National Health System

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Kameda ◽  
Mady Malheiros Barbeitas ◽  
Rosângela Caetano ◽  
Ilana Löwy ◽  
Ana Claudia Dias de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Public Data ◽  
National Production ◽  
Diagnostic Capacity ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract: Since the first recorded case of COVID-19 on February 26, 2020, Brazil has seen an exponential growth in the number of cases and deaths. The national testing approach has been insufficient to correctly use this tool in the support of containing the epidemic in the country. In this communication, we discuss efforts and challenges to scale-up COVID-19 testing at the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). This communication presents the initial results of the research project created to investigate the political, industrial, technological, and regulatory aspects that may affect the diagnostic and testing capacity for COVID-19 in Brazil. The paper draws on the review of academic literature, media publication, and collection of public data on tests purchase and regulation. It enlists initiatives to enhance PCR testing, national production and development of technologies, as well as regulatory measures to fast-track new tests. Our analysis indicates some points of reflection. Firstly, the lack of a consistent national strategy to fight COVID-19 exarcebated supply problems of diagnostic components. If the country was eventually able to circumvent this situation, it still faces a more structural dependency on the importation of diagnostic components. Secondly, the discontinued funding and distribution of tests may have implied health policy fragmentation and the growing importance of local governments and non-state actors to fighting the epidemics within SUS. Finally, initiatives established since the second semester of 2020 have expanded the testing capacity at SUS. However, it has not been sufficient to control the progress of the epidemic in the country.

scholarly journals Standardization construction and development trend of bridge health monitoring systems in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Dong Zhou ◽  
Ting-Hua Yi ◽  
Wen-Jie Li ◽  
Ji-Wei Zhong ◽  
Guan-Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Bridge Health Monitoring ◽  
Industry Standards

AbstractBridge health monitoring (BHM) technology has been widely accepted as a powerful tool to assess structural performance and has moved from research to practice. Driven by the enormous demand of ensuring bridge safety, the application of BHM technology is particularly active in China and has become an emerging industry in the civil engineering community. It is a common belief among civil engineers that the development and implementation of industry standards will be of paramount importance in guiding the healthy development of BHM and increasing the transfer of professional knowledge and techniques to practical applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the standardization construction and development trend for BHM in China. The achievements, characteristics, and challenges of China’s bridge construction are first introduced. Then, the existing problems of BHM and the necessity of constructing the standardization system for the BHM industry are discussed. Following that, these standards published for guiding BHM system design, construction, management, and maintenance, especially sensor selection, sensor placement, sensor installation, data transmission, data storage, data processing, and early warning, are outlined. Finally, work requiring further efforts in the near future is drawn.

SEARCH, WELFARE, AND THE “HOT POTATO” EFFECT OF INFLATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Nosal
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Optimal Monetary Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Friedman Rule ◽  
Inflation Tax ◽  
Welfare Consequences ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Tax Effect ◽  
Monetary Models ◽  
Real Balances

An increase in inflation causes people to hold smaller real balances and to speed up their spending. Virtually all monetary models capture the first—inflation tax—effect. Few capture the second—hot potato—effect. Those that do associate negative welfare consequences with the hot potato effect. Because both the inflation tax and the hot potato effect imply that inflation has negative effects on welfare, an optimal monetary policy is characterized by the Friedman rule. In the model presented here, there is a hot potato effect, but—all else held constant—the hot potato effect has positive consequences for welfare. As a result, a departure from the Friedman rule can be socially desirable.

Whose Time Is It? Understanding Clock-time Pacing and Event-time Pacing in Complex Innovations

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Dougherty ◽  
Heidi Bertels ◽  
Ken Chung ◽  
Danielle D. Dunne ◽  
Justin Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Product ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Speed Up

AbstractTime pacing, which refers to the regulation of intensity and direction of people's attention and effort, is central to innovation management. However, in a study of complex product innovation in pharmaceuticals, we find that time pacing is a major source of conflict between managers and scientists over innovation management. Our analysis of this tension reveals that two very different forms of time pacing operate in this complex innovation. Clock-time pacing, which gauges progress by the predictable passage of clock time, is used by strategic managers to reduce unnecessary exploration, focus on necessary questions, and speed up the execution of steps. Event-time pacing, which gauges progress by the unpredictable achievement of learning events, is used by the scientists to develop a deep understanding of how a drug might behave in the body against a disease, to focus on learning by asking many questions, and to integrate emergent results into plausible patterns. We identify four dimensions that differentiate clock-time pacing from event-time pacing, which drive the tension between the two. We summarize negative effects that this tension can have on innovation if left unaddressed, and then suggest ways to integrate clock-time pacing with event-time pacing. We also discuss implications for Chinese management.

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