scholarly journals La economía de León en Euroa: 1986-2011. El sistema sanitario

Author(s):  
Cristina Gutiérrez López

<p>El derecho a la protección de la salud reconocido por la Constitución Española dota al sistema sanitario de especial importancia. Sin embargo, las últimas reformas ponen en riesgo el modelo de sanidad universal, afectado por los recortes en la financiación, el envejecimiento de la población y una creciente demanda asistencial.<br />El artículo resume los rasgos principales del Sistema Nacional de Salud, las características de su gestión y el modelo de financiación sanitario derivado del traspaso de competencias a las Comunidades Autónomas. Asimismo, para el caso de León se plantean los datos más relevantes en términos de recursos y gasto sanitario en los últimos 25 años.</p><p>The right to have an adequate level of health protection is recognized by the Spanish Constitution, giving the health system a special status. Nevertheless, the latest reforms threaten our universal health system, affected by recent cuts in government financing, population ageing and an increasing demand for these services.<br />The article summarizes the main aspects of the Health National System, as well as their management features, and the financing model as a consequence of the powers transferred to the Autonomous regions. Futhermore, the case of the province of León is analysed through the more significant aspects in terms of resources and expenditures in the last 25 years.</p>

Author(s):  
Cristina Gutiérrez López

<p>El derecho a la protección de la salud reconocido por la Constitución Española dota al sistema sanitario de especial importancia. Sin embargo, las últimas reformas ponen en riesgo el modelo de sanidad universal, afectado por los recortes en la financiación, el envejecimiento de la población y una creciente demanda asistencial.<br />El artículo resume los rasgos principales del Sistema Nacional de Salud, las características de su gestión y el modelo de financiación sanitario derivado del traspaso de competencias a las Comunidades Autónomas. Asimismo, para el caso de León se plantean los datos más relevantes en términos de recursos y gasto sanitario en los últimos 25 años.</p><p>The right to have an adequate level of health protection is recognized by the Spanish Constitution, giving the health system a special status. Nevertheless, the latest reforms threaten our universal health system, affected by recent cuts in government financing, population ageing and an increasing demand for these services.<br />The article summarizes the main aspects of the Health National System, as well as their management features, and the financing model as a consequence of the powers transferred to the Autonomous regions. Futhermore, the case of the province of León is analysed through the more significant aspects in terms of resources and expenditures in the last 25 years.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Winckler ◽  
F Zioni ◽  
G Johson

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the social representations of health needs in a Brazilian municipality, questioning the capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. Methods Qualitative case study in which the data were analysed by: 1) the Health Needs Taxonomy (Matsumoto, 1999), as an instrument for assessing health needs, formatting the interview guide and organizing the empirical data; 2) the Theory of Social Representations (Jovchelovitch, 2000), to capture health needs; 3) Content Analysis (Bardin, 2004), as an instrument of analysis and comparison of perceived needs. The methodological path used was the same in the two moments in which this research is based (2009 and 2016). The entire municipal territory was analyzed and 26 representatives of civil society organizations were interviewed. Results Based on the results given, we state that health is a permanent and timeless need, but the mediations for its satisfaction have changed historically. The interface between quantitative indicators and subjectivity in assessing needs reveals the authoritarian architecture of its decision-making process, which has ruined the necessary democracy for prioritising and meeting those needs. The asymmetrical relationships present in the Brazilian society have both undermined the collective character of health needs and promoted the distance between who care and who are cared for. Most of the priorities listed by the interviewees in 2009 remain composing the social context of the municipality in 2016. Conclusions The challenges for comprehensive health care remain critical given both the decrease in popular political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health. Interdisciplinary and participatory diagnostics remain essential to understand the complexity of social changes and the challenges for the consolidation of meeting health needs. Key messages The capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. The challenges for meeting health needs remain critical given both the decrease in political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Vicenta Tasa Fuster

Resumen:Este trabajo pretende dar una visión general del reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística española que se deriva de la Constitución. Nos referimos exclusivamente a las lenguas autóctonas históricamente habladas en España; teniendo en cuenta, además, que una misma lengua puede recibir diversas denominaciones populares y oficiales.Partiendo de estas premisas, el trabajo estudia el reconocimiento que hace la Constitución Española de la diversidad lingüística en España en su artículo 3. Se subraya en el estudio que, en dicho artículo de la Constitución se establece que el castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado y que todos los españoles tienen el deber de conocerla y el derecho a usarla (art. 3.1), que las otras lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas comunidades autónomas, en función de la regulación que hagan sus estatutos (art. 3.2) y que España considera que la riqueza de las diferentes modalidades lingüísticas esun patrimonio cultural que deberá tener un respeto y una protección especiales (art. 3.3).El contenido de la Constitución, la jurisprudencia constitucional de las últimas cuatro décadas y los estatutos de autonomía y legislación lingüística autonómica, han asentado un reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística española y de los derechos lingüísticos concretos de los hablantes de las distintas lenguas españolas fundamentado en el principio de jerarquía lingüística y no en los de seguridad lingüística e igualdad de derechos lingüísticos. El principio de jerarquía lingüística presupone considerar que existen unas lenguas que deben tener un reconocimiento legal y oficial superior a otras. Y, lo que es lo mismo, que los derechos lingüísticos de sus hablantes no tienen el mismo grado de reconocimiento. Llegándose a dar el caso que, en España, una misma lengua pueda llegar a tener diferentes niveles de reconocimiento legal-oficial y un número aún mayor de políticas lingüísticas que traten de convertir en una realidad substantiva todos o una parte de los derechos lingüísticos reconocidos formalmente a los hablantes de una lengua diferente del castellano en una comunidad autónoma.Así las cosas, se constata que legalmente una lengua (castellano) tiene una situación de preeminencia legal-oficial, seis lenguas españolas (catalán, gallego, vasco, occitano, aragonés y asturleonés) tienen algún tipo de reconocimiento oficial en parte del territorio en el que son habladas de manera autóctona, una lengua tiene reconocimiento político (tamazight), otra tiene un reconocimiento administrativo menor en Cataluña (caló), y tres lenguas autóctonas no tienen el más mínimo reconocimiento legal, político o administrativo (árabe, haquetia yportugués). El trabajo estudia detalladamente y de manera global la estructuración de la jerarquía lingüística en la legislación española derivadade la Constitución y concluye con una descripción de los seis niveles de jerarquía lingüística y de derechos lingüísticos que existen en España. Se defiende, finalmente, un cambio sistema lingüístico legalconstitucional que respete los principios de seguridad lingüística y el principio de igualdad de derechos lingüísticos de todos los ciudadanos españoles. Summary:1. Introduction. The Constitution and the Spanish languages. 2.Language in the statutes of monolingual communities. 3. Linguisticdiversity in multilingual communities with a single official language.4. Communities with co-officiality. 5. Final considerations: a hierarchicalrecognition. 6. Bibliography cited. Abstract:This paper is an overview of the recognition of the Spanish linguistic diversity derived from the Constitution. We refer exclusively to the native languages historically spoken in Spain; about that is important to know that the same language can receive diverse popular and official denominations.With these premises, the work studies the recognition in the article 3 of the Spanish Constitution of the linguistic diversity in Spain. It is emphasized in the study that this article establishes that the Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State and that all Spaniards have the duty to know it and the right to use it (article 3.1), that the other Spanish languages would be official in the respective autonomous communities, depending on the regulation made by their statutes of autonomy (article 3.2 ), and that Spain considers the richness of the different linguistic modalities a cultural heritage that must have special respect and protection (article 3.3).The content of the Constitution, the constitutional jurisprudence of the last four decades and the statutes of autonomy and autonomous linguistic legislation, have established a recognition of the Spanish linguistic diversity and of the specific linguistic rights of the speakers of the different Spanish languages based on the principle of linguistic hierarchy and not in those of linguistic security and equality of linguistic rights. The principle of linguistic hierarchy considers that there are some languages that have to have a legal and official recognitionsuperior to others. And, what is the same, that the linguistic rights of its speakers do not have the same degree of recognition. In Spain, the same language may have different levels of legal-official recognition and a lot of linguistic policies in the autonomous communities that try to be reality all or part of the linguistic rights formally recognized to speakers of a language other than Castilian. So it is verified that legally a language (Castilian) has a situation oflegal-official preeminence, six Spanish languages (Catalan, Galician, Basque, Occitan, Aragonese and Asturian) have some type of official recognition in part of the territory where are spoken, one language has political recognition (Tamazight), another has a lower administrative recognition in Catalonia (Caló), and three indigenous languages do not have the least legal, political or administrative recognition (Arabic, Hachetia and Portuguese).The paper studies in detail the structure of the linguistic hierarchy in Spanish legislation derived from the Constitution and concludes with a description of the six levels of linguistic hierarchy and of linguistic rights that exist in Spain. Finally, it defends a legal-constitutional linguistic system that respects the principles of linguistic security and of equality of linguistic rights of all Spanish citizens.


2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Albert Esteve ◽  
Daniel Devolder ◽  
Andreu Domingo

In less than a decade, women born in 1975 will be reaching half a century of existence as members of the most infertile of all cohorts born in Spain in the past 130 years, the period for which we have statistical information. In all likelihood, one in four women born in 1975 won’t have had children when she turns fifty, the cut-off point at which demography appraises the completed fertility of a birth cohort. Part of this childlessness is due to frustration of the reproductive project of these women and, eventually, that of their partners. This little-known datum has been envisaged year after year because of causes that are known in theory but difficult to discern and quantify. In societies like ours, which are so concerned about population ageing and its consequences for sustainability of pensions, the viability of a universal health system, increased dependence and its repercussions on gender inequality, or the decline of the working-age population, it’s surprising that there is so little discussion of the fact that, contrary to her own expectations and wishes, one in every four women will be childless. This is why the first number of Perspectives Demogràfiques, a scientific publication on demography addressed to the general public, is devoted to the trends and possible causes of infertility in Spain.


Author(s):  
María Florencia Belanti

La resolución que se comenta nos estimula a reflexionar sobre las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida con una mirada inescindible desde el prisma de derechos humanos. En este ámbito, se pretende llevar a cabo un análisis desde el derecho a la salud en general y a la salud reproductiva en particular, efectuando una reseña normativa de la materia, una exploración del precedente específico en el ámbito interamericano y una reflexión sobre la situación jurídica del embrión in vitro.   The resolution discussed encourages us to reflect on assisted human reproduction techniques with an inescisible look from the perspective of human rights. In this area, it is intended to carry out an analysis from the right to health in general and to reproductive health in particular, making a normative review of the matter, an exploration of the specific precedent in the inter-American sphere and a reflection on the legal situation of the embryo in vitro


2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
STAN CAPP ◽  
SALLY SAVAGE ◽  
VALERIE CLARKE

The allocation of resources to providers and the way in which the resources are then prioritised to specific service areasand patients remain the critical ethical decisions which determine the type of health system a community receives.Health care providers will never be given enough resources to satisfy all the demands placed upon them by acommunity that is becoming increasingly informed and demanding. This paper discusses the matter of justice as itrelates to the distribution of health resources. It translates the theoretical constructs of distribution into a practicalsituation that arose at The Geelong Hospital. It is important to emphasise that the aim of giving the example is notnecessarily to provide the right answer but rather to assist in determining what ought to be the questions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1545
Author(s):  
Andreia Soares Goncalves ◽  
Isabel Maria Ferreira ◽  
Márcia Pestana-Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Prata ◽  
Christine McCourt

Respuestas ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Stella Campos-de Aldana ◽  
Myriam Durán-Parra ◽  
Sonia Solano-Aguilar ◽  
Delia Moya-Plata ◽  
Ligia Betty Arboleda- Salazar ◽  
...  

 Antecedentes: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, son la principal causa de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. Comportamiento similar se presenta en Colombia al igual que en Santander. Las patologías cardiovasculares en el 2010 cobraron la vida de 1527 mujeres y 1634 hombres; seguido de las neoplasias, en especial las de localización de tumores malignos que causaron la muerte a 727 mujeres y 755 hombres, estos resultados se ven reflejados en los altos costos requeridos para la atención hospitalaria, ambulatoria y domiciliaria por lo que requiere dedicación, educación y cuidado individualizado. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos teniendo en cuenta tiempo de publicación y las palabras claves; en las bases de datos: MEDLINE, IME, LILACS, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, EMBASE, CINAHL, BDIE, en el primer semestre de 2013. Identificando 55 estudios potenciales, de los cuales se seleccionaron seis artículos del comportamiento de los costos de la atención a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles; cabe incluir que se obtuvo información directa por parte de algunas instituciones de Bucaramanga, la cual demuestra el comportamiento de los costos frente al cuidado de enfermería y a nivel interno de cada entidad no solo del sistema de salud sino de los pacientes y cuidadores familiares. Resultados: la enfermedad crónica genera la mayor parte de los costos al Sistema de Salud, situación a tener en cuenta; así como el cuidado efectivo para la atención de pacientes que ya han sido afectados. Conclusiones: el Sistema de Salud debe implementar estrategias preventivas para la aparición de las Enfermedades Crónicas No Trasmisibles (ECNT) y las complicaciones derivadas de ellas, que contemple un cuidado efectivo para la atención de los individuos.Palabras claves: Costos, Cuidado, Enfermedad Crónica no transmisible.  Abstract  Background: Chronic noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Similar behavior occurs in Colombia as in Santander. Cardiovascular diseases in 2010 claimed the lives of 1527 women and 1634 men ; followed by neoplasms, especially the localization of malignant tumors that killed 727 women and 755 men, these results are reflected in the high cost required for inpatient , outpatient and home care so requires dedication , education and individualized care. Methods: A search of articles were given at time of publication and keyword; in databases: MEDLINE, IME, LILACS, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, EMBASE, CINAHL, BDIE in the first half of 2013. By identifying 55 potential studies, of which six articles of behavior of costs of care were selected patients with chronic non- communicable diseases; it should include direct information was obtained by some institutions Bucaramanga, which shows the behavior of costs compared to nursing care and internally each institution not only the health system but patients and family caregivers. Results: Chronic illness generates most of the costs the health system, a situation to consider; and effective care for the care of patients who have already been affected. Conclusions: Health System must implement preventive strategies for the appearance of Chronic Non Communicable (ECNT) and complications arising from them, by providing effective care for the care of individuals.Keywords: Costs, Care, Chronic Non-Communicable Disease.


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