Person-Centered Approach on Emotional Labor: An Exploratory Study Based on Latent Profile Analysis

The positive outcomes of calling have been examined in a large and growing number of studies, yet little is known about how calling relates to the work-family interface. In this study, we adopted a person-centered approach using latent profile analysis to explore how living a calling relates to different work-family interface profiles. With a sample of 267 Chinese university counselors, we found three work-family interface profiles: slightly conflictual (51%), experiencing slightly higher than average levels of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) and slightly lower than average levels of work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE); work-to-family conflictual (15%), with higher levels of WFC and lower levels of FWC, WFE, and FWE; and enriched (34%), indicated by higher levels of WFE and FWE and lower levels of WFC and FWC. The results revealed that the greater the extent to which participants were living their calling, the more likely they were to be classified into the enriched profile. Our findings contribute to the literature on calling by offering person-centered insights on the relation between calling and the work-family interface.

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Teacher Profiles of Psychological Capital and Their Relationship with Burnout

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11185096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 5096 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

María del Mar Ferradás ◽

Carlos Freire ◽

Alba García-Bértoa ◽

José Carlos Núñez ◽

Susana Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Causal Attributions ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Personal Goals ◽

University Teachers ◽

Challenging Tasks ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

The Way ◽

Latent Profile

This study adopts a person-centered approach to identify the possible existence of different teacher profiles of psychological capital, according to the way in which its four components combine (efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience). The study aimed to examine whether the identified profiles differed in their levels of burnout. In total, 1379 non-university teachers participated in the study. A latent profile analysis was performed using MPlus 7.11 software. Seven teaching profiles of psychological capital were identified, differing both quantitatively and qualitatively. The differences between the profiles in burnout were estimated using SPSS 26 software. Teachers with a profile of low psychological capital (i.e., low confidence of successfully completing challenging tasks—efficacy; lack of energy for establishing personal goals and working towards achieving them —hope; little tendency to make positive causal attributions and develop expectations of success—optimism; and low capacity to recover or emerge stronger from adverse situations—resilience) exhibited significantly higher levels of burnout. The lowest levels of burnout were found in the profile of high psychological capital (i.e., higher in efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience). These results suggest that teachers who can muster the four components of psychological capital are more protected against burnout.

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Emotional labor actors: A latent profile analysis of emotional labor strategies.

Journal of Applied Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0037408 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 863-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Allison S. Gabriel ◽

Michael A. Daniels ◽

James M. Diefendorff ◽

Gary J. Greguras

Keyword(s):

Emotional Labor ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Latent Profile

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Perceived Stress, Resilience, and Anxiety Among Pregnant Chinese Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Latent Profile Analysis and Mediation Analysis

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Luo ◽

Yaqing Shen ◽

Jiajia Yuan ◽

Yifan Zhao ◽

Zhengkui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Stress Resilience ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽

Stress Patterns ◽

Latent Profile

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major threat to pregnant women's mental health. This study aimed to characterize the patterns of perceived stress in pregnant Chinese women during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine the profile differences on anxiety and resilience, and to investigate whether the differences in these profiles on anxiety were mediated by resilience.Methods: From February 28, 2020 to April 26, 2020, a sample of 2,116 pregnant Chinese women who participated in online crisis interventions completed an online self-reporting questionnaire assessing their demographic characteristics, perceived stress, resilience, and anxiety.Results: Latent profile analysis (LPA) on two stress dimensions [perceived helplessness (HEL) and perceived self-efficacy (SEL)] indicated four perceived stress profiles: adaptive (33.7% of the sample), resistant (44.6%), insensitive (19.1%), and sensitive (2.6%). The women with both adaptive and insensitive profiles had the lowest levels of anxiety, whereas those with the resistant profile had the lowest levels of resilience. Multicategorical mediation analysis showed that resilience partially mediated the differences in the pregnant women's anxiety between the adaptive/insensitive and resistant profile.Conclusion: This study showed the heterogeneity in the perceived stress patterns of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing the internal mechanisms of pregnant women's anxiety using a person-centered approach, and provided initial evidence guiding the development of differentiated stress interventions to alleviate pregnant women's anxiety during the pandemic.

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Emotional Labor and Occupational Well-Being

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Francis Cheung ◽

Vivian Miu-Chi Lun

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Labor ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Surface Acting ◽

Job Outcomes ◽

Behavioral Profile ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Different Levels

In the last three decades, emotional labor has been conceptualized as comprising three strategies, namely, surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotion. Research suggested that each emotional labor strategy relates differently to various health and job outcomes, such as burnout and job satisfaction. These findings and the conclusions drawn are predicated on compartmentalized treatment of the three strategies. A fundamental yet unresolved question concerns whether employees adopt more than one type of emotional labor in the workplace. In this study, we adopted latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the behavioral profile (i.e., class) of employees’ deployment of emotional labor strategies and how these profiles relate to job satisfaction and burnout. Three latent classes were identified, and the results showed that employees with these different profiles reported significantly different levels of job satisfaction and burnout. These results provide support to a person-centered approach to understand the outcomes of performing emotional labor.

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A latent profile analysis of nurses’ moral sensitivity

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733019876298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 855-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Na Zhang ◽

Jingjing Li ◽

Zhen Xu ◽

Zhenxing Gong

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Moral Sensitivity ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Medical College ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Latent Profile

Background: The three-dimensional model of nurses’ moral sensitivity has typically been studied using a variable-centered rather than a person-centered approach, preventing a more complete understanding of how these forms of moral sensitivity are expressed as a whole. Latent profile analysis is a person-centered approach that classifies individuals from a heterogeneous population into homogeneous subgroups, helping identify how different subpopulations of nurses use distinct combinations of different moral sensitivities to affect their service behaviors. Objective: Latent profile analysis was used to identify three distinct profiles of nurses’ moral sensitivity. Associations of the profiles with service behaviors were then examined. Methods: Five hundred twenty-five nurses from three tertiary hospitals in China were investigated with Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Nurses’ Service Behavior Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from the Ethics committee for biomedical research of Medical College, the Hebei University of Engineering. Results: A three-profile moral sensitivity model provided the best fit to the data. The resulting profiles were low moral sensitivity, moderate moral sensitivity, and high moral sensitivity. There were significant differences in service behaviors among different profiles of moral sensitivity. Conclusion: The results provide a new and expanded view of nurses’ moral sensitivity, which may be used to monitor nurses’ service behaviors comprehensively and to evaluate nursing ethics management strategies.

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A latent profile analysis of repetitive negative thinking: Distinguishing ruminators from worriers

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/2043808718811428 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 204380871881142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Blair E. Wisco ◽

Andre J. Plate ◽

Casey L. May ◽

Amelia Aldao

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Statistical Technique ◽

Thinking Styles ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Repetitive Thinking ◽

Negative Thinking ◽

Two Samples ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Latent Profile

Rumination (negative thinking about the past) and worry (anxious apprehension) are two forms of repetitive thinking associated with psychopathology. Prior research indicates that rumination and worry have both distinct and overlapping features, but the extent to which there are separable groups of individuals who engage in rumination, worry, or both has yet to be examined. We used latent profile analysis, a person-centered statistical technique, to examine profiles of repetitive thinkers in two samples ( ns = 635 and 755). In both studies, profiles emerged of individuals who rarely ruminate or worry ( low repetitive thinkers), individuals who primarily ruminate ( ruminators), individuals who primarily worry ( worriers), and individuals who frequently ruminate and worry ( high repetitive thinkers). In Study 2, a fifth profile of average repetitive thinkers also emerged. Across both samples, high repetitive thinkers showed the highest levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, followed by worriers and ruminators, and then by low repetitive thinkers. In Study 2, the average repetitive thinkers fell below the ruminators and worriers but above the low repetitive thinkers. Thus, there are distinct groups of ruminators and worriers, but individuals who engage in both rumination and worry exhibit the worst outcomes. As such, these findings support adopting a person-centered approach to better understand repetitive thinking styles.

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A person-centered approach to understanding child temperament at ages 3 and 6

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/08902070211007666 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702110076

Author(s):

Mariah T Hawes ◽

Megan C Finsaas ◽

Thomas M Olino ◽

Daniel N Klein

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Community Sample ◽

Child Temperament ◽

Model Fit ◽

Class Model ◽

Laboratory Observation ◽

Temperament Traits ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Latent Profile

Person-centered analyses, such as latent profile analysis, provide an approach to assessing individual differences in child temperament that aligns with typological theory and is well positioned for translation to applied settings. In a community sample, latent profile analysis was conducted using seven temperament traits assessed through laboratory observation when children were three- and six-years-old. At age 3, a four-class model fit best and subgroups were labeled “typical,” “sluggish,” “surgent,” and “dysregulated,” based on the pattern of class-specific means. A five-class model fit best at age 6 and subgroups were labeled “typical,” “sluggish,” “outgoing,” “active-impulsive” and “negative affect.” Associations between class membership and mother-reported temperament traits, concurrently assessed, were mostly consistent with the class identities. Comparison of subgroup membership across waves generally demonstrated patterns of continuity across groups characterized by similar trait patterns. This paper provides an illustrative guide for temperament researchers in the implementation of latent profile analysis, addressing important methodical considerations. Increased utilization of person-centered approaches like latent profile analysis could lead to important advances in the study of child temperament, such as improved understanding of the continuity of temperamental styles and more targeted risk assessment.

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