scholarly journals Tuberculosis Endemic in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Jannatun Nayeem ◽  
Md. Abu Salek
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Control Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Related Population

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major public concern of Bangladesh for decades. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Bangladesh ranks sixth among the 22 high TB-burden countries. Thus in order to improve the TB status, BRAC introduced the tuberculosis control program in 1984 in collaboration with the government. In this paper is carried out on the number of reported cases and deaths from endemic of tuberculosis. Time series analysis performed on this data reveals that tuberculosis infection has been on the rise over the years. The situation is also the same as the number of deaths. Reported cases and death cases are forecasted to carry out using appropriate and reliable method that also indicates in the two related population in this research work.  

ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Death Cases

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.

scholarly journals Current scenario of COVID-19 pandemics in the top ten worst-affected countries based on total cases, recovery, and death cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sagar Regmi ◽  
Komal Prasad Malla ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Death Cases

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and spread across China and abroad. On 11th March 2020, WHO officially declared pandemic on for COVID-19. This review presents transmission mode of the COVID-19 in terms of case, death, and analysis of active cases in top ten worst affected countries. The data presented in the paper is taken from Worldometer which collects its statistical data from various reliable sources including United Nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO) and others. Furthermore, the review presents the data analysis of recovery cases in the top 10 worst affected countries as of 24th May 2020. Such simple analysis of recovery case from COVID-19 will be helpful for the government to make its plan and policy.

Novel Coronavirus in India Outbreaks around World: A Statistical Analysis of Odisha, India & World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Singh ◽  
Suman Sekhar Sarangi ◽  
Milu Acharya ◽  
Surjeet Sahoo ◽  
Shakti Ketan Prusty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
World Health ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) outbreaks in 2019 and is pandemic. Methods: This research work made an analysis of the nCoV-2019 outbreak in India solely based on a mathematical model. Results: The historical epidemics in the world are plague, AIDS, Swine flu, ebola, zika virus, Black Death and SARS. Considering the model used for SARS 2003, the present research on Covid-2019 estimates characteristics of rate of infectious (I) and rate of recovery(R) which leads to estimation the I and R leads to predict the number of infectious and recovery. Through ruling out the unpredictable, unreasonable data, the model predicts that the number of the cumulative 2019-nCoV cases may reach from 3398458(mid of May) to 15165863, with a peak of the unrecovered infective (2461434-15165863) occurring in late April to late July. In this paper we predicate how the confirmed infected cases would rapidly decrease until late March to July in India. We also focus how the Government of Odisha (a state of India) creates a history in the protective measures of Covid-19. Conclusion: The growing infected cases may get reduced by 70-79% by strong anti-epidemic measures. The enforcement of shutdown, lockdown, awareness, and improvement of medical and health care could also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and constructively abridge the duration of the 2019 n-CoV.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Easing the coronavirus lockdowns with caution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheed Omobolaji Alabi ◽  
Akpojoto Siemuri ◽  
Mohammed Elmusrati
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Death Cases

Background: The spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has reached a global level, creating a pandemic. The government of various countries, their citizens, politicians, and business owners are worried about the unavoidable economic impacts of this pandemic. Therefore, there is an eagerness for the pandemic peaking. Objectives: This study uses an objective approach to emphasize the need to be pragmatic with easing of lockdowns measures worldwide through the forecast of the possible trend of COVID-19. This is necessary to ensure that the enthusiasm about SARS-CoV-2 peaking is properly examined, easing of lockdown is done systematically to avoid second-wave of the pandemic. Methods: We used the Facebook prophet on the World Health Organization data for COVID-19 to forecast the spread of SARS-CoV-2 for the 7th April until 3rd May 2020. The forecast model was further used to forecast the trend of the virus for the 8th until 14th May 2020. We presented the forecast of the confirmed and death cases. Results: Our findings from the forecast showed an increase in the number of new cases for this period. Therefore, the need for easing the lockdown with caution becomes imperative. Our model showed good performance when compared to the official report from the World Health Organization. The average forecasting accuracy of our model was 79.6%. Conclusion: Although, the global and economic impact of COVID-19 is daunting. However, excessive optimism about easing the lockdown should be appropriately weighed against the risk of underestimating its spread. As seen globally, the risks appeared far from being symmetric. Therefore, the forecasting provided in this study offers an insight into the spread of the virus for effective planning and decision-making in terms of easing the lockdowns in various countries.

scholarly journals FILM REJECT ANALYSIS AS A MEASURE OF QUALITY ASSURRANCE: A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED HOSPITALS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
W.E Mangset ◽  
K.A Sauri ◽  
D.C Langs
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Control Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Reject Analysis ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Given

Film reject analysis is a planned and systematic action necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirement for quality of image or radiographs. In this research work, reject film analysis as quality assurance element will be carried out in 3 selected hospitals in Plateau state, Nigeria for different rejected film sizes in each case respectively from December, 2018- December, 2019. Rejected radiographs were collected analyzed and categorized based on body parts such as chest, skull, knee, lumbar sacral, shoulder, neck, femur and pelvis. The reasons for rejection were categorized as: Over exposure, Under exposure, Poor processing, Poor positioning, Wrong placing of anatomical marker, Fog, Artifact and Multiple exposure. The three studied hospitals (selected by convenience), H1, H2, and H3 are located in Jos and environs. From this study, it was observed that the anatomical part mostly rejected was the chest and the highest reason for the rejected radiographs was Under exposure. The reject rates of Hospitals H1, H2, and H3 were found to be 8.85%, 6.65% and 5.6% respectively which were above the World Health Organization(WHO) but within the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directorate (CRCPD) recommended permissible values of 5% and (5-10%) respectively. The findings imply that patients may have been exposed to avoidable radiation doses

scholarly journals Peningkatan Determinan Sosial dalam Menurunkan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis Wardani
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Control Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Incidence ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Upaya pengendalian tuberkulosis paru oleh World Health Organization telah meningkatkan angka kesembuhan dan menyelamatkan banyak jiwa, tetapi kurang berhasil dalam menurunkan insiden tuberkulosis. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian tuberkulosis akan lebih menekankan pada kebijakan determinan sosial karena determinan sosial secara langsung maupun melalui faktor risiko tuberkulosis berpengaruh terhadap tuberkulosis. Di Bandar Lampung, angka notifikasi tuberkulosis dari tahun 2009 – 2010 mengalami peningkatan walaupun angka kesembuhan sudah lebih dari 85%. Bandar Lampung juga merupakan bagian dari salah satu provinsi termiskin di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh determinan sosial (yang diukur melalui indikator pendidikan, pendapatan dan kelas sosial) terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2012 di seluruh pelayanan kesehatan di Bandar Lampung yang telah melaksanakan strategi Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse. Responden penelitian ini adalah 238 penderita tuberkulosis basil tahan asam positif dan 238 suspek yang tidak menderita tuberkulosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa determinan sosial yang rendah akan meningkatkan risiko untuk terkena tuberkulosis. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian tuberkulosis perlu disertai dengan peningkatan determinan sosial untuk menurunkan kejadian tuberkulosis.Tuberculosis control program conducted by World Health Organization, has increased tuberculosis cure rate and saved million people, but has less success in reducing tuberculosis incidence. Therefore, tuberculosis control program needs to put more emphasis on social determinants. It is obvious, since social determinants, directly or through its tuberculosis-risk factors, affect tuberculosis. In Bandar Lampung, notification rate during the period of 2009 - 2010 has increased although the cure rate of the period was more than 85%. Moreover, Bandar Lampung is located in Lampung, one of the poorest provinces in Indonesia. This research aimed to study the influence of social determinants (measured by indicators of education, income and social class) affecting tuberculosis incidence. The study was conducted during July - October 2012 at all health services, which has been implementing Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse strategy, across the Bandar Lampung City. Respondents of this research consisted of 238 smear-positive tuberculosis patients and 238 suspects without tuberculosis. The result showed that the lower social determinants, the higher risk of suffering from tuberculosis. It can be learned that tuberculosis control should be accompanied by an effort of improving social determinants in order to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Control in Ecuador: Unforeseen Problems, Unanticipated Strengths

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
Stan Houston
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Control Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Canadian International Development Agency ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tb Control Program

Ecuador is among the eight countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) prevalences in the Americas (the World Health Organization estimates 141 new cases/100,000 population in 2002) and has had a poorly functioning TB control program. As described in an earlier editorial (1), the Canadian Lung Association, with funding from the Canadian International Development Agency, has been involved for four years in supporting Ecuador?s National TB Program. The initial phase of the project has just been completed, but the experience has already provided many valuable lessons, some quite unexpected.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and influencing factors in Korea: A multicenter questionnaire study of pregnant women and obstetrics and gynecology doctors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Soo Kang ◽  
San Ha Lee ◽  
Woo Jeng Kim ◽  
Jeong Ha Wie ◽  
In Yang Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Maternal Influenza

Abstract Background Although the World Health Organization and health authorities in most countries recommend that pregnant women receive inactivated influenza virus vaccines, coverage remains low. This study aimed to investigate (1) the proportion of pregnant women who received an influenza vaccination and influencing factors and (2) the proportion of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) doctors who routinely recommend influenza vaccination to pregnant women and influencing factors. Methods Two separate, anonymized questionnaires were developed for physicians and pregnant and postpartum women and were distributed to multicenters and clinics in South Korea. The proportions of women who received influenza vaccination during pregnancy and OBGYN doctors who routinely recommend the influenza vaccine to pregnant women were analyzed. Independent influencing factors for both maternal influenza vaccination and OBGYN doctors’ routine recommendations to pregnant women were analyzed using log-binomial regression analysis. Results The proportion of self-reported influenza vaccination during pregnancy among 522 women was 63.2%. Pregnancy-related independent factors influencing maternal influenza vaccination were “(ever) received information about influenza vaccination during pregnancy” (OR 8.9, 95% CI 4.17–19.01), “received vaccine information about from OBGYN doctors” (OR 11.44, 95% CI 5.46–24.00), “information obtained from other sources” (OR 4.38, 95% CI 2.01–9.55), and “second/third trimester” (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.21–4.82).. Among 372 OBGYN doctors, 76.9% routinely recommended vaccination for pregnant women. Independent factors effecting routine recommendation were “working at a private clinic or hospital” (OR 5.33, 95% CI 2.44–11.65), “awareness of KCDC guidelines” (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.11–8.73), and “awareness of the 2019 national free influenza vaccination program for pregnant women” (OR 4.88, 95% CI 2.34–10.17). OBGYN doctors most commonly chose ‘guidelines proposed by the government or public health (108, 46%) and academic committees (59, 25%), as a factor which expect to affect the future recommendation Conclusion This study showed that providing information about maternal influenza vaccination, especially by OBGYN doctors, is crucial for increasing vaccination coverage in pregnant women. Closer cooperation between the government and OBGYN academic societies to educate OBGYN doctors might enhance routine recommendations.

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