scholarly journals Morphometric and Topographic Study of Foramen Ovale in Indian Skulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Suniti Raj Mishra ◽  
Sushobhana ◽  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Raveena Singh ◽  
Anamika Gaharwar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Bony Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bony Plate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Anterior Root

Foramen ovale is an important foramen for neurosurgeons and used for percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia. The present study was undertaken to study anatomic variations in appearance, dimensions of foramen ovale and its location in relation to the zygomatic arch. The study was conducted on 50 dry human skulls of known sex, available in the museum of Anatomy Dept. in G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur.  The shape of foramen ovale and presence of any accessory bony structure like spur, spine, tubercle or bony plate were observed on both sides. The length and width of foramen ovale and its distance from articular tubercle and the anterior root of  Zygomatic Arch was  measured on both sides.  The metric data was statistically analysed for bilateral symmetry and sexual dimorphism. The shape of foramen ovale was typically oval in most of the skulls (66%). In 40% sides any accessory bony structure was not seen while bony plate in 45% sides, spine in 6% and bridge like bony septa dividing the foramen into two compartments in 2% was observed. The mean length and width of foramen ovale in male skulls was 7.50+/-0.90 mm and 4.20+/-0.70 mm and 7.7+/-1.00 mm and 3.9+/-0.80 mm in the female skulls.  The mean distance of foramen ovale from articular tubercle on Zygomatic arch was 32.8 +/- 2.8 mm in males and 31.1 +/- 2.4 mm in females. The mean distance from anterior root of Zygomatic arch was 21.4 +/- 1.9 mm in males and 21.6 +/- 1.7 mm in females. There was no significant difference in measurements of various metric parameters between right and left sides of foramen ovale (p>0.05) but highly significant difference was observed between male and female dimensions of all metric parameters.(p<0.001). Thus the foramen ovale does not exhibit bilateral symmetry but the sexual dimorphism is evident. The data is helpful for surgical practices.  

scholarly journals Nasal index among Students of People’s Dental College and Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Mangesh Bajracharya ◽  
Samjhana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Craniofacial Surgery ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Nasal anthropometry is a study that deals with the measurements of the proportion, size, and shape of the nose. The nasal index is considered as one of the major landmarks for craniofacial surgery, gender differentiation, and ethnic identity. This study is aimed to provide baseline data of the nasal index of Nepalese people and to assess the gender variation which will be of clinical, surgical interest in rhinology and craniofacial prosthetic purpose. Methods: BDS students from 17 to 25 years with various ethnicity were included in the study. A total of 160 students with an equal number of male and female students was included. Nasal parameters were measured and the nasal index was calculated for each student. Result: The mean nasal index was 78.03±7.07 suggesting Mesorrhine type of nose. The nasal width and height show statistically significant differences whereas there was no significant difference found between the nasal indices of male and female students. Hill Janajati showed the highest nasal index followed by Newar, Brahmin and Chettri; and Others. Conclusion: The study concludes the type of nose has an effect on gender when compared between the sex but the nasal index calculated to have a little contribution to sexual dimorphism. Mesorrhine nose was found to be most frequent. Among the population, Hill Janajati showed the highest nasal index. We recommend further study to compare the nasal index of various ethnical groups of the Nepalese population. Keywords: Anthropometry, Mesorrhine, Nasal Index

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CEPHALIC INDEX OF ADULT NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Singh ◽  
Vasundhara Kulshreshtha ◽  
Pradeep Singh ◽  
Ved Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Head Length ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Cephalic index is the percentage of head breadth to head length. The index is calculated from measurement of the diameters of head (head length and head breadth). When applied to living individuals it is known as cephalic index, and when referring to dry skulls, the cranial index. This index is used as a useful anthropological tool for analysis of racial and sexual differences in a population. The present study was done to find out Cephalic Index and to study sexual dimorphism in adult North Indian population. Objective of the study was to calculate the cephalic index and to find out that the present study group belongs to which category in the classification of skull based on cephalic index and to study the sexual dimorphism in respect to cephalic index. Material & Methods: The present study comprised of 200 medical students of age group between 18 yrs. to 25 yrs. of S.N. Medical College, Agra, not having any significant disease or deformity that could have affected the general or the bony growth. Two anthropometric parameters; head length and head breadth were recorded in centimeters by using spreading caliper. With these recorded data, cephalic index was calculated for males and females separately as well as combined. Results: Mean Cephalic Index was significantly higher (p=0.03124) in females (79.350 ± 5.7157) as compared to males (77.715 ± 4.9102). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of the cephalic indices of male and female students (p=0.03124). The mean cephalic index of combined population in this study was 78.533 ± 5.3776 which states that the dominant head shape among North Indians is Mesaticephalic.

scholarly journals Hand Index- A Forensic Tool for Sexual Dimorphism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Bashir Ahmed Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Healthy Working ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hand Length

Introduction: Amongst the various parameters of identification, sex is one  of the most important elements. Figuring out hand index from measurement of hand dimensions is a convenient way to determine sexual dimorphism. This study aims to find out sexual dimorphism from hand dimensions, obtain cut off points for male and female and check percentage accuracy of sex determination from hand dimensions in Nepalese population. Methods: The data was collected from 400 asymptomatic, healthy working staffs  (229 males & 171 females) above 23 years  in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of a tertiary care center of Western  Nepal. Measurements of  hand length and hand breadth were taken using standard instruments and hand index was calculated therefrom. Results: The mean (+SD) right hand lengths for male and female were found to be 17.87 cm (+0.87) and 16.93cm (+0.58) respectively. The mean (+SD) left hand lengths for male and female were 17.85 cm (+0.86)and 16.97 cm (+0.56)respectively. The average hand breadth for male was 1.00 cm greater for right hand and 0.96 cm greater for left hand as compared to female hand breadth. Differences in length and breadth of hands for both sexes were statistically significant (p<0.001) with no statistically significant difference of hand dimensions in the same sex. Cut off point for right hand index was found to be 42.32 cm and for left hand, 42.30 cm. Conclusion: Hand dimensions and hand index can be reliably used to determine sex in medicolegal cases, especially where isolated hand is obtained.

scholarly journals Morphometric and morphologic study of Foramen Ovale in In Indian population

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Mumal Nagwani Mishra ◽  
Kaveri Dande ◽  
Dewanshi Mishra ◽  
Archana Rani ◽  
Madhuresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Observer Error ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Bony Plate ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Safe Approach

Background:The floor of middle cranial fossa shows several foramina through which vital neural and vascular structures pass. Thus, the knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of these foramina is important. One such foramen is Foramen ovale which allows the passage of certain important structures. Aims and Objective:This study also aimed to provide a base line data to neurosurgeons for easy and safe approach to middle cranial fossa. Thus, to fulfill the above, the morphometric and morphologic characteristics of the foramenovalewere studied and the observed metric and non-metric parameters were compared with those of previous studies. Materials and Methods:The study has been conducted on 160 adult non-pathological dry human skulls of unknown age and sex. Those parts of broken skulls were included in the study in which the area of Foramen ovale was intact. All the parameters were obtained by one observer only to avoid inter-observer error. The foramen ovale was identified and different metric and non-metric parameters were observed and measured. Results:The most common shape on both sides was noted to be transversely oval. Out of 160 skulls, 2 skulls (1.25%) showed accessory FO bilaterally. 4 skulls showed divided FO on left side. Out of 4, 2 skulls( 1.25%) were noted to have bony bar and in 2 skulls (1.25%) the main FO were divided by bony plate. Conclusion: The morphologic variations of Foramen Ovale in the form of accessory foramen and presence of bony bar / bony plate are common. This study will provide a baseline data as well as frequency of related variations in our population for a safer approach by the surgeons. 

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism of Femoral Head - An Observational Study in the Population of Odisha

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2765-2768
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Kanchan ◽  
Sonali Subhadarsini ◽  
Dharma Niranjan Mishra ◽  
Chinmayi Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Vertical Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Femur is the longest and strongest bone of the human body. It also takes relatively longer time to disintegrate after death, hence morphometric analysis of skeletal remains of femoral head can be considered for the determination of age and sex for forensic expert, anthropologist as well as anatomist. The present study was an attempt to establish sex of a skeleton by the help of femoral head diameters which will be of great help in medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS The present study was carried out in the S C B Medical College Cuttack from May 2019 to June 2020 by taking 84 dried and intact femora. The vertical head diameter of femoral head and head circumference were measured by the vernier’ s caliper and measuring tape in centimeters. RESULTS The result showed significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora. It was found that the mean femoral head circumference of the male was 13.296 cm with a “S.D” of 0.8694 cm and female was 12.023 cm with a “S.D” of 0.73 cm and vertical diameter of male was 4.1520 cm with a “SD” of 0.3635 cm and that of female femora was 3.7231 cm with a “S.D” of 0.2264 cm respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora which determines sexual dimorphism. KEY WORDS Anthropometry, Medico-Legal, and Standard Deviation (SD)

scholarly journals Mesiodistal and bucolingual dental diameters in a group of mixed ethnicity population in Cali, Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Laura Castillo ◽  
Ana Milena Castro ◽  
Carolina Lerma ◽  
Darling Lozada ◽  
Freddy Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Mixed Ethnicity ◽  
Plaster Casts

Objective: To obtain the mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters of upper and lower permanent central and lateral incisors, cuspids, first and second premolars and first molars by the analysis of 66 plaster casts (27 women and 39 men) belonging to a group of mestizo Caucasoid in the city of Cali, in order to determine the mean diameters of each teeth class, sexual dimorphism, bilateral symmetry and biological distances of the studied sample. Materials and methods: quantitative crosssectional descriptive study to characterize the dental dimensions through Moorrees method for meso-distal diameter and Kieser method for the buco-lingual diameter systems, using a gauge of thin tips with 0.1 mm of precision. The Student T test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry, respectively (p <0.05). Results: According to the mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters, the permanent teeth of the studied population not display sexual dimorphism and they have bilateral symmetry. At the same time, a distance matrix with the respective dendrogram was built from the averages of these measurements, resulting in a grouping of the studied sample with microdontes global populations. Conclusions: The studied sample has no sexual dimorphism, presents bilateral symmetry and is considered as a microdonte population.

Vowel Recognition Threshold as a Function of Temporal Segmentations

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Powell ◽  
Oscar Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
Temporal Segment

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segment recognition threshold of 15 msecs with a range from 9.3 msecs for the /u/ to 27.2 milliseconds for the /a/. Misidenti-fication of vowels was most often confused with the vowel sound adjacent to it on the vowel-hump diagram. There was no significant difference between the cardinal and noncardinal vowels.

Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Blood Glycohemoglobin Levels in Young Diabetics

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
A. Aydrner ◽  
A. Oto ◽  
E. Oram ◽  
O. Gedik ◽  
C. F. Bekdik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Left ventricular function including regional wall motion (RWM) was evaluated by 99mTc first-pass and equilibrium gated blood pool ventriculography and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) blood levels determined by a quantitative column technique in 25 young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without clinical evidence of heart disease, and in healthy controls matched for age and sex. Phase analysis revealed abnormal RWM in 19 of 21 diabetic patients. The mean left ventricular global ejection fraction, the mean regional ejection fraction and the mean 1/3 filling fraction were lower and the time to peak ejection, the time to peak filling and the time to peak ejection /cardiac cycle were longer in diabetics than in controls. We found high HbA1c levels in all diabetics. There was no significant difference between patients with and without retinopathy and with and without peripheral neuropathy in terms of left ventricular function and HbA1c levels.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Multi-Center Study of Thromboplastin Calibration Precision – Influence of Reagent Species, Composition, and International Sensitivity Index (ISI)

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryFour thromboplastin reagents were tested by 18 laboratories in Europe, North-America, and Australasia, according to a detailed protocol. One thromboplastin was the International Reference Preparation for ox brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (coded OBT/79), and the second was a certified reference material for rabbit brain thromboplastin, plain (coded CRM 149R). The other two thromboplastin reagents were another rabbit plain brain thromboplastin (RP) with a lower ISI than CRM 149R and a rabbit brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (RC). Calibration of the latter two reagents was performed according to methods recommended by the World Health Organization (W. H. O.).The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Is the calibration of the RC reagent more precise against the bovine/combined (OBT/79) than against the rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R)? 2) Is the precision of calibration influenced by the magnitude of the International Sensitivity Index (ISI)?The lowest inter-laboratory variation of ISI was observed in the calibration of the rabbit/plain reagent (RP) against the other rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R) (CV 1.6%). The highest interlaboratory variation was obtained in the calibration of rabbit/plain (RP) against bovine/combined (OBT/79) (CV 5.1%). In the calibration of the rabbit/combined (RC) reagent, there was no difference in precision between OBT/79 (CV 4.3%) and CRM 149R (CV 4.2%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the precision of the ISI of RC obtained with CRM 149R (ISI = 1.343) and the rabbit/plain (RP) reagent with ISI = 1.14. In conclusion, the calibration of RC could be performed with similar precision with either OBT/79 or CRM 149R, or RP.The mean ISI values calculated with OBT/79 and CRM 149R were practically identical, indicating that there is no bias in the ISI of these reference preparations and that these reference preparations have been stable since their original calibration studies in 1979 and 1987, respectively.International Normalized Ratio (INR) equivalents were calculated for a lyophilized control plasma derived from patients treated with oral anticoagulants. There were small but significant differences in the mean INR equivalents between the bovine and rabbit thromboplastins. There were no differences in the interlaboratory variation of the INR equivalents, when the four thromboplastins were compared.

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