scholarly journals Biomarkers and Bioactivity in Drug Discovery using a Joint Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Kawsher Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Modelling Approach

Biomarkers that are validated and robust are required for the enhancement of diagnosis, the observation of drug-related activity, therapeutic reactions, and as the blueprint for developing safer and more direct therapeutic efforts for a variety of chronic ailments. Various kinds of biomarkers have proven impactful when it comes to the discovery and development of drugs, but the procedure that involves identifying and verifying ailment-specific biomarkers has proven to be hassling. In recent times, there have been some advancements in multiple omics (also known as multi-omics) methods like transcriptomic, cytometry, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and imaging. These advancements have made it possible for the discovery and development of distinct biomarkers for complicated chronic ailments to be accelerated expeditiously. In spite of the fact that numerous drawbacks still need to be looked into, ongoing efforts for the discovery and improvement of illness-associated biomarkers will go a long way in optimizing decision-making across the entire process of drug development and expand our comprehension of the infection processes. In addition, when the preclinical biomarkers are effectively translated into the clinic, the way will pave well to an equally effective implementation of personalized therapies throughout complicated illness environments to become beneficial to patients, healthcare service providers and the industry of bio-pharma.  

Healthcare service provider type selection of the medical tourists by using neutrosophic sets

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6475-6485
Author(s):  
Saliha Karadayi-Usta ◽  
Cafer Erhan Bozdag
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
Selection Of

Medical tourism service offers a professional healthcare opportunity by travelling abroad with the chance of touristic and cultural activities at the destination country. Medical travelers prefer a foreign country for treatment due to long waiting periods, high costs, excessive number of patients, inadequate number of healthcare professionals and inadequate cutting-edge technological equipment at their country of residence. An assistance company (AC) is a legal requirement to support medical tourists in Turkey during the treatment period, and offers alternative healthcare service providers (HSPs) that are public hospitals, private hospitals and private clinics at the first phase of the medical tourism service. Moreover, there are specific HSPs certificated by the government, and a few number of public hospitals authenticated for medical tourism. By taking the whole above statements into consideration, HSP selection is a key decision-making point differentiating from a traditional hospital selection of a patient. Medical tourists must evaluate various criteria in order to select a proper HSP. Additionally, these decision criteria are often vague, complex, indeterminate and inconsistent information in the HSP type decision. Hence, in this study, a decision making model based on neutrosophic fuzzy sets considering HSP selection in every aspect (truthiness, indeterminacy and falsity) is suggested.

Targeting NAD-dependent dehydrogenases in drug discovery against infectious diseases and cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-707
Author(s):  
Davide M. Ferraris ◽  
Edoardo L. M. Gelardi ◽  
Silvia Garavaglia ◽  
Riccardo Miggiano ◽  
Menico Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Process ◽  
Oxidoreductase Enzymes ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Infection Processes

Dehydrogenases are oxidoreductase enzymes that play a variety of fundamental functions in the living organisms and have primary roles in pathogen survival and infection processes as well as in cancer development. We review here a sub-set of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in human diseases and the recent advancements in drug development targeting pathogen-associated NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. We focus also on the molecular aspects of the inhibition process listing the structures of the most relevant molecules targeting this enzyme family. Our aim is to review the most impacting findings regarding the discovery of novel inhibitory compounds targeting the selected NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in cancer and infectious diseases.

Health Care Services and EU Competition Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okeoghene Odudu
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
System Matrix ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Care Services

This chapter investigates how, within a number of European Union (EU) Member States, competition law has been used to address problems of market power in the healthcare services sector. It summarizes the relevant EU and national competition laws and considers the experience of applying those laws to providers of healthcare services. The chapter is chiefly concerned with healthcare services in England, although examples are drawn for other EU Member States. Examination of the English experience provides a view of the use of competition law to address market power problems in most elements of the health system matrix. The chapter then considers three challenges that emerge from that experience of using competition law to address problems of market power in healthcare service markets. The first challenges the applicability of competition law to healthcare service providers operating in each or every element of the healthcare system matrix. The second, accepting applicability, questions the appropriateness of the substantive rules to healthcare services. The third, a battle of authority and autonomy, considers whether decisions made by healthcare service providers should be subject to external review and the type of review that competition law offers.

scholarly journals Public Officials’ Knowledge of Advances and Gaps for Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A. Estévez ◽  
Stefan Gelcich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Support Decision Making

The United Nations calls on the international community to implement an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) that considers the complex interrelationships between fisheries and marine and coastal ecosystems, including social and economic dimensions. However, countries experience significant national challenges for the application of the EAF. In this article, we used public officials’ knowledge to understand advances, gaps, and priorities for the implementation of the EAF in Chile. For this, we relied on the valuable information held by fisheries managers and government officials to support decision-making. In Chile, the EAF was established as a mandatory requirement for fisheries management in 2013. Key positive aspects include the promotion of fishers’ participation in inter-sectorial Management Committees to administrate fisheries and the regulation of bycatch and trawling on seamounts. Likewise, Scientific Committees formal roles in management allow the participation of scientists by setting catch limits for each fishery. However, important gaps were also identified. Officials highlighted serious difficulties to integrate social dimensions in fisheries management, and low effective coordination among the institutions to implement the EAF. We concluded that establishing clear protocols to systematize and generate formal instances to build upon government officials’ knowledge seems a clear and cost effective way to advance in the effective implementation of the EAF.

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