Pedagogical lines and critical consciousness for quality education at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic

In a global context of children’s material and cultural deprivation, the Covid-19 pandemic contributed to redefine the human condition’s vulnerability, favoring the emergence of new forms of poverty and invisibility. Starting from the analysis of the consequences caused by the spread of the pandemic on children’s environment and fundamental development factors, the contribution focuses on the emerging educational challenges, to offer a pedagogical reflection on the possibilities of quality education at the time of emergency. The interviews – carried out as part of the Research Project Povertà educativa e Covid-19: linee di riflessione pedagogica e di advocacy per i minori – make possible to restore visibility and voice to the discomfort of mothers and children between zero and six years old, acting as a starting point for the development of some work’s lines for a reappropriation of relationality, awareness and corporeality, with a look at the children’s rights and at the society’s ethical and civil responsibility in their global protection. Linee pedagogiche e sentieri di coscientizzazione per un’educazione di qualità al tempo della pandemia Covid-19. In un contesto globale di forte deprivazione materiale e culturale dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza, la pandemia da Covid-19 ha contribuito a ridefinire i volti della vulnerabilità della condizione umana, favorendo l’emergere di nuove forme di povertà e di invisibilità. A partire dall’analisi delle conseguenze provocate dalla pandemia sugli ambienti e sui fattori di sviluppo fondamentali della minore età, il contributo si concentra sulle sfide educative emergenti, per offrire una riflessione pedagogica sulle possibilità di una relazione e di una educazione di qualità dentro il tempo dell’emergenza. Le interviste svolte nell’ambito del Progetto di Ricerca Povertà educativa e Covid-19: linee di riflessione pedagogica e di advocacy per i minori hanno consentito di restituire visibilità e parola al disagio delle mamme dei bambini tra gli zero e i sei anni, ponendosi come punto di partenza per lo sviluppo di alcune linee di lavoro per una riappropriazione della relazionalità, della consapevolezza e della corporeità, con uno sguardo ai diritti dei minori e alla responsabilità etica e civile della società tutta nella loro tutela globale. In un contesto globale di forte deprivazione materiale e culturale dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza, la pandemia da Covid-19 ha contribuito a ridefinire i volti della vulnerabilità della condizione umana, favorendo l’emergere di nuove forme di povertà e di invisibilità. A partire dall’analisi delle conseguenze provocate dalla diffusione della pandemia sugli ambienti e sui fattori di sviluppo fondamentali della minore età, il contributo si concentra sulle sfide educative emergenti, per offrire una riflessione pedagogica sulle possibilità di una relazione e di una educazione di qualità dentro il tempo dell’emergenza. Le interviste svolte nell’ambito del Progetto di Ricerca “Povertà educativa e Covid-19: linee di riflessione pedagogica e di advocacy per i minori” hanno consentito di restituire visibilità e parola al disagio delle mamme dei bambini tra gli zero e i sei anni, ponendosi come punto di partenza per lo sviluppo di alcune linee di lavoro per una riappropriazione della relazionalità, della consapevolezza e della corporeità, con uno sguardo ai diritti dei minori e alla responsabilità etica e civile della società tutta nella loro tutela globale.

Age Criteria for Criminal Responsibility

In the Russian legislation, age is a law-conferring fact. The authors analyze key legislative acts and their projects that should provide the legal framework regarding the age limits of the subject of legal relationships, as well as the dependence of the chronological age and the corresponding psychological and social changes that should form the basis for the choice of both maximum and minimum age limits for criminal responsibility. Currently in Russia there is an evident need for special criminological, socio-psychological research connected with defining changes in age-related features of modern adolescents. Their results will provide answers to many urgent questions. For example, how have adolescents changed as a result of generation approach? How have their understanding and attitude to key rules and norms of human coexistence changed? Ultimately, the results of such research will give us a better understanding of age-related features of adolescents that should be taken into account when determining the age for criminal responsibility. One of the factors determining the necessity of conducting complex research is the gaps and, sometimes, direct contradictions in the understanding of age limits of criminal and civil responsibility as well as the legal capacity of minors. Undoubtedly, such limits should be mainly connected with the ability of an adolescent to fully understand the key rules and norms of human coexistence and the limits of lawful behavior. The Russian legislation, however, interprets the grounds for the emergence of legal capacity, their connection with the psychological features of the adolescent. The contents of the term «age» differ in each specific branch of law, which has a general negative impact on the possibility of ensuring the rights and freedoms of the subject of special protection — a person who has not reached the age of 18 years.

المسؤولية القانونية للعمل الصحفي في السودان وفقاً لقانوني الصحافة والمطبوعات والعقوبات

This study sheds light on the legal responsibility for journalistic work in Sudan in the context of a number of regulations governing journalistic and media activity in Sudan. The study aims to identify the legal consequences of violating the rules and regulations imposed on journalistic activity in this country, with emphasis on the most notable articles of the law to which journalists could be subjected in cases of violation. The study adopts the descriptive, Analytical and historical methods. At the end, the study has reached a number of conclusions as follows , consequences of violating the regulations organizing journalistic work in Sudan involve legal action , criminal or civil responsibility; Sudanese journalist is subject to a range of regulations on top of the specifically publications regulations including 1991penal code and national security law; Sudanese journalistic institutions should conform with administrative andobligationsimposed by 2009 regulations pertaining to press and publication; large number of people involved in the journalistic domain make it difficult to assign clear responsibility to any of partners in a journalistic criminal offense.

TEMPORAL FACTORS OF APPLICATION OF CIVIL LIABILITY

The paper considers this type of legal relationship in the context of its relationship with such a legal phenomenon as a protective legal relationship. The defining thesis is that civil liability is an important, but not the only element of the protective relationship. After all, the application of measures to counteract various risks and threats that entail violations of subjective rights, by bringing offenders to civil responsibility, ensures the effective restoration of rights and adequate compensation to victims. At the same time, the principles of introducing negative consequences for the violator are not necessarily based on deprivation of the violator of material goods. They are based on the integrated application of measures, including those that have an operational and preventive effect and, strictly speaking, are not responsible. The article also analyzes in detail the theoretical position on the mandatory use of coercion in bringing the offender to justice, and criticizes this thesis. State coercion through a court decision has been shown to be an effective but not mandatory element of the protective relationship that arises between the victim and the offender. The possibility of realization of the protective requirement by voluntary fulfillment by the debtor, and thus, satisfaction of protection requirements is clearly shown. The paper also distinguishes between the concepts of civil offense and violation of law. After all, a violation of a subjective right can be caused not only by actions that qualify as civil offenses, but also by others that do not have such signs. In this regard - the violation of the law is a broader term that covers the consequences of various phenomena, including offenses, is a definite result.

Civil responsibility in Geriatric Psychiatry

Mental health issues impair decision-making capacity, more so in elderly people. Impaired decision-making capacity can make person unfit to enter into various civil deeds and agreements. Such civil deeds can include guardianship, property transaction, holding a bank account, having voting rights, making a will, donating an organ, etc. This article focuses on importance of mental health in entering into above-mentioned civil agreements, how to do assessments to determine if one is fit to enter into civil agreements, and what are the legal ways in which a person can avail help to execute his/her civil rights even when affected by mental health issues.

The formation of a civil responsibility of high school students in the context of specialized training

The awareness by the younger generation of the mutual state and citizen sresponsibility based on the norms of morality and law is a unanimous and important feature of a democratic society. That is why a civil responsibility is defined as one of the cross-cutting lines in the modern educational space. The article presents the results of a pedagogical experiment on the formation of a civil responsibility of high school students in the conditions of specialized training. The authors of the article reveal the content of the concept of "civil responsibility", its component composition, forms of manifestation and the main stages of formation. The role of forming influences on the process of forming civil responsibility is analyzed. As the result of the pedagogical experiment, the significant opportunities and advantages which specialized education provides for the implementation of the cross-cutting content line "civil responsibility" have been confirmed. The forms and methods of work that breed personal involvement into some social problems are identified. They increase the level of legal education, and contribute to the formation of an active civil society.

The dimensions of civil responsibility in Egyptian universities (A comparative study on the universities of Alexandria and Pharos)

"The Dimensions of Civil Responsibility in Egyptian Universities" A comparative study on the universities of Alexandria and Pharos Research goal Knowing the "dimensions of civil responsibility of the two universities", knowing the obstacles facing the community service sector and trying to develop a vision; to activate the role of the two universities towards the university's civil responsibility, and how to benefit from it in developing universities. The research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach and the use of the sample social survey method in collecting data for the two universities in question, and using the interview guide with the agents of the scientific and theoretical colleges (trade and pharmacy) in the two universities for community service and environmental development, in addition to the vice presidents of the two universities for community service and environmental development, and members of the faculty, The research focused on analyzing ready-made data, analyzing community service activities and developing the environment. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are • The results of the current research confirmed that there is a difference in civil liability among students of theoretical colleges from students of practical colleges, in terms of interest in democracy (humanities) is not equal to the contents of the materials that you take, which means that there are other factors responsible for a service that do not benefit from these topics, these factors It can be the teaching methods and the educational environment. • The results also revealed a relationship between community service and civic responsibility, and civil responsibility emerged through the relationships between students, the educational staff and professors, individually or collectively, and participation in volunteer work such as seminars and various community activities to serve the community. • The results showed the achievement of democracy for the two universities through effective interest in the community activities carried out by students, and showed a clear difference between citizenship of the two universities in the available resources. • The results of the research showed the clear difference between the two universities in the dimension of investigation and deliberation, as Pharos University occupies the highest position in the application of this aspect.

Terms of civil liability: are general theoretic approach

The article is sanctified to the questions of civil liability on the legislation of Ukraine. Taking these theoretical positions for basis, it is possible to assert that the normative founding of legal responsibility envisages the presence of legal norms, that determine possible and necessary behavior of the subject of legal relationships, embargo on certain behavior, and system of approvals and legal binding overs that determine the process of realization of responsibility. It is marked that traditionally a range of problems of responsibility was of interest such fields of law, as civil, administrative, ecological, domestic. Summarizing the above-mentioned in the article, it is possible to establish, that legal responsibility, including civil legal in whatever form she came forward always is direct influence on an offender. The substantial line of responsibility - it so to say perceptible bears by the face of negative consequences of offence in form privations of the personal, organizational or property order, regardless of what her measures will be realized: imprisonment, compensation of harm or something other. It stipulates the orientation of responsibility actually on the face of offender, stipulates penalty, punitive character of legal responsibility keywords: legal responsibility, offence, guilt, founding, inflicted harm, socially dangerous behavior. Thus, it costs to consider the composition of civil offence, that includes for itself the presence of the inflicted harm, unlegality of behavior of malefactor, causal connection between behavior of person and harmful result, guilt of malefactor the condition of civil responsibility. Thus, it costs consider that illegal there can be actions that violate the norms of legislation and equitable rights of citizens, and illegal - only those actions that violate the norm of law. Keywords: legal responsibility, offence, guilt, founding, inflicted harm, socially dangerous behavior.

ASCERTAINING THE USE OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN PROMOTING LEARNERS’ HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT IN MULTICULTURAL SCHOOL SETTINGS

Encouraging learners to participate in extracurricular activities should commence in the early phase of their growth where a basis for their personality, learning and development is laid. Extracurricular activities could further assist in improving learners’ creativity and artistic talents. Philosophers, such as Rousseau, Spencer and Dewey further reiterate the value of extracurricular activities in developing social relationships and intellectual intelligence. Learners associate with different peer groups which may satisfy their socialisation, self-assessment, self-identification and the fulfilment of their needs in becoming self-actualised. Learners can further be enabled to reach self-actualisation by participating in academic activities, such as maths, science clubs and research projects. Such activities seemingly contribute to learners’ academic development which in turn may assist them in mastering certain life tasks; developing leadership roles; increasing their involvement in the community and expressing their civil responsibility. Amidst the latter, it is noted that the lack or in some cases, the non-existence of extracurricular activities hinder learners’ growth and learning, especially in multicultural school settings, where the foundation for learners’ development has to occur in a conducive environment. Multicultural schools in the Letjweleputswa educational district, Free State province of South Africa seem not to use extracurricular activities as an effective tool in promoting learners’ holistic development. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the use of extracurricular activities in promoting learners’ holistic development in the Letjweleputswa educational district. Via a qualitative research methodology, three focus group interviews were conducted with 20 learners attached to four multicultural schools. Findings of the study revealed that learner participants are of the view that their involvement in extracurricular activities could give them a greater chance of being employed; of getting a better job; of being accepted into university and of developing certain attributes, such as creativity, innovation, problem solving and endurance. The study further recommends that multicultural schools in the Letjweleputswa educational district need to implement various extracurricular activities as a means of developing various traits and competencies such as learners’ physical-, emotional-, cognitive and social skills; moral underpinnings, life-skills, well-being, leadership qualities, analytical thinking processes and communication abilities.

Becoming human. From cultural memory to new senses of beloging stories of migration in contemporary picture books

This contribution aims to investigate the complex, transformative role children's literature can play in today’s socio-cultural context, offering a creative platform, not only in terms of plot or contexts, but also in terms of stylistic research and the book as a medium, on which to build new ways of thinking about and designing reality. The work focuses specifically on one of the most significant picture books on the topic of (real or metaphoric) migration, refugees, migrants’ difficult and controversial path to integration. The very rich production in recent years has, with different registers each time, emblematically interpreted the political vocation of contemporary children's literature, formulating relations with otherness, encouraging the deconstruction of cultural stereotypes and preventing emotional anaesthesia in the face of issues that demand the precise assumption of human and civil responsibility. In formal terms, it investigates the narrative strategies adopted by the authors and illustrators to guide the empathic involvement of the reader, aiming to foster reflexive and pro-social attitudes. In the picture books examined, the representation of the refugee, the stateless, the “destined to death”, to quote Hanna Arendt, for whom the loss of citizenship equals the denial of the most basic human rights, challenges the “danger of a single history”.