scholarly journals Hazard perception of novice drivers in mountain roads: a case study in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmany Damián García Ramírez ◽  
Wendy Cuenca
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Hazard Detection ◽  
Driver's License

Novice drivers are more likely to be involved in a traffic accident than experienced drivers. Detecting danger is one of the skills that these drivers must acquire with age and experience. This can reduce this probability, especially on mountain roads. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the hazard perception of novice drivers on mountain roads. Thirty-seven drivers participated in the experiment, who watched videos of road sites. After each video, they had to answer a survey about the hazards they observed on the site. Based on this survey, the hazard perception was estimated, which was compared with the actual hazard, calculated by iRAP. As expected, drivers do not recognize hazards properly, especially in the most dangerous places. No significant differences were found among sex, age, and type of driver's license. However, relationships were found among hazard perception, the actual hazard, and the error between them, so four linear equations were calibrated. This research will help public and private institutions related to road safety optimize resources in driver training by: a) including the hazard detection of danger in the curriculum, or b) offering a complementary course to those who have already obtained their license.

scholarly journals Governance through pluralization: Jerusalem’s modular security provision

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Volinz
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Modular Assembly ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
The Military ◽  
East Jerusalem ◽  
Ad Hoc Security ◽  
At Will

Security responses increasingly involve the delegation of security roles from state actors, such as the police and the military, to a plurality of public and private institutions. This article focuses on the emergence of a modular governance logic in security provision, in which urban security is diffused into differing modules – security actors, performances, technologies and practices – which can be enlisted, deployed, instructed, entwined, detached and withdrawn at will. This article identifies three features of urban modular security provision: the heterogeneity of its public and private components, the development of reserved capacities, and the differential multifacetedness of its performances and practices. These are explored through the case study of East Jerusalem, in which a modular security provision emerged where previously undefined and ad-hoc security arrangements became cohesive, normalized and codified through practice and law. In tracing the flows of security authorities, personnel and knowledge produced within a modular security assemblage, this article proposes that the modular assembly of security actors complements policing institutions by providing other informal disciplinary, punitive and statecrafting powers, in a manner which obfuscates controversial state policies and unequally distributes rights and resources.

scholarly journals MATERIAL ENTANGLEMENTS OF COMMUNITY SURVEILLANCE & INFRASTRUCTURAL POWER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Supply Chain Network ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Infrastructural Power

Through the case study of Amazon Ring's cameras, this paper explores the deepening material and discursive alliance between public and private institutions in the building of digital infrastructures that support the development of community surveillance. The analysis reveals a complex supply-chain network entangled with histories of settler-colonialism, racialization and gendered inequities. Bolstered by developments in cloud computing, concealing the human and nonhuman supply-chains, these systems are never detached from material inputs; rather, they are embedded in vast infrastructural systems and complex transnational supply chains powered by logics of extraction, circulation and accumulation of capital. I argue that Amazon Ring cameras are an articulation of “infrastructural power” defined by Laleh Khalili (2018: 915) as an assemblage of “practices, discourses, physical fixtures, laws and procedures” with the aim of (re)producing capitalist relations. Through a material and discursive analysis, this paper aims to draw into the light the complex human and non-human entanglements that constitute community surveillance networks in order to move towards an infrastructural critique so that we may more effectively evaluate the social costs of digital systems that can never be detached from their material and human creators.

scholarly journals Dziedzictwo kulturowe na obczyźnie: chinoiserie w dyplomacji kulturalnej Polski i Chin

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Marta Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

Cultural heritage is used to promote political ideas and economic initiatives these days. It is not only a political construct but also a useful tool in both reaching domestic political goals (for instance, building one’s national identity) and developing international relationships (building soft power). This case study focuses on the cooperation of public and private institutions over the project of revitalisation of the Chinese Alley and building a Chinese garden in the Royal Łazienki Museum in Poland between 2012 and 2014. Using the concept of ‘heritage diplomacy’ coined by Tim Winter (2015), this paper analyses the relationship between the key actors that participated in the project and those who have been benefi tting from its results. The analysis shows how cultural heritage becomes an element of strategy in foreign relations in order to strengthen international and interinstitutional relations and how the political actors benefit from the outcomes of conservation and promotion of cultural heritage. It also makes it possible to identify the motivation of various actors while engaging in conservation of heritage on domestic and international levels.

scholarly journals Construction History and the History of Construction Cultures: Between Architecture and Engineering in Portugal

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Mascarenhas-Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
History Of Engineering

This paper aims to debate the epistemological boundaries of construction history, in relation to the fields of history of architecture and the history of engineering, using Portugal as a case study. The concept of construction culture is used to broaden the analysis, avoiding the old dichotomy between architects and engineers. Instead, construction history (understood as the history of construction cultures) aims to integrate the contributions of all actors in this sector of activity, such as contractors, materials and machine producers, traders, and public and private institutions. The history of architecture and the history of engineering in Portugal serves to illustrate the extent to which the study of how a community built in a particular space, at a particular time, is fragmented in the present age. The conclusions highlight the limits of a history that has been interpreted mainly from the point of view of the activity of architects and engineers. This paper also explores the potential of a history of construction cultures as a constructum in constant transition and under constant discussion, capable of explaining the set of problems involved in this millennia-old human activity.

scholarly journals The Development and Validation of a Hazard Perception Test for Thai Drivers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Manley ◽  
Nuttha Paisarnsrisomsuk ◽  
Mark Horswill ◽  
Andrew Hill
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Better Than

Thailand is a developing country with a high traffic accident fatality rate. However, few attempts have been made to understand crash risks in Thai drivers from a psychological perspective. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a latency-based hazard perception test for Thai drivers. The initial test comprised our full item pool of 77 clips containing traffic conflicts captured on video from the driver’s perspective on Thai roads. We evaluated the validity of this test by examining whether performance differed as a function of driving experience in a sample of 135 Thai drivers. We found that experienced drivers (n = 87) performed significantly better than novice drivers (n = 48) after adjusting for individual differences in computer mouse skill, mirroring crash risk differences between these groups. The final 30-item version of the test, which comprised the best items from the initial test, yielded novice/experienced driver differences with or without adjusting for computer mouse skill. These results offer preliminary support for the validity of the latency-based test as a measure of hazard perception ability in Thai drivers.

scholarly journals Open University and Distance Education Coordination: strategies to consolidate distance education at the National Autonomous University of Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Citlalli Berruecos
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Open University ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Coordination Strategies ◽  
The University

This case study describes three main strategies used from March 2002 to November 2003 at the Open University and Distance Education Coordination (CUAED) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to consolidate distance education at the University. The author explains how, in just 18 months, these three main strategies enabled the UNAM to emerge as model of distance education for other public and private institutions in Latin America.

scholarly journals Social and cultural values for the sustainability of local tourism in the province of Cañete

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5587-5593
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Caycho Reyna Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

The research had its origin in the interest of studying the current situation of the problems that exist in the province of Cañete, regarding the significant loss of social and cultural values over time. The main objective of the study was to analyse social and cultural values in order to achieve sustainability of local tourism in the province of Cañete, Peru. The qualitative approach was developed, with a case study design, where the interview technique was used and two semi-structured interview guides were applied as instruments.  It was concluded that strengthening cultural identity contributes to the local development of the province of Cañete, being necessary for the population to feel proud of their customs and cultural manifestations. Therefore, it is necessary that public and private institutions, as well as the population, join forces to formulate plans, programmes and projects of cultural development; that the social and cultural values in Cañete are strengthened and revalued, being a decisive factor that the people of Cañete can be able to protect and promote local tourism.

scholarly journals Topography, the primary basis of the reconstruction of a traffic accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Fabio Nelson Rodríguez Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
3D Animation ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Primary Basis

The following document applied to the investigation and reconstruction of traffic accidents, seeks to conceptualize the serious errors that exist in many public and private institutions when considering that the reconstruction of a traffic accident is to determine the vehicle speed, with one or more physical equations or in the worst case, a 2D or 3D animation of an alleged traffic accident dynamics, as well as explain confused concepts and procedures in the field of criminal investigation, specifically in the reconstruction of traffic accidents. Starting from the premise that the reconstruction of a violent  in traffic death essentially seeks the identification and clearancing of variables in the investigation, also exposing not very clear concepts regarding the topic of interest; from the above, important errors are determined in the concepts that we have of what is a forensic reconstruction, the hypotheses that are used in the sketch of traffic accidents in Colombia and the great errors that exist in the matter of fixing physical evidence (EF).

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