scholarly journals Effect of Municipal Solid Waste on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
P.O. Simeon ◽  
B. Ambah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soil P ◽  
And Control

A pot experiment was conducted in the green house to determine the effect of municipal solid waste on the growth of maize (Zea mays). Growth parameters of percentage emergence, plant height, leaf area and number of levers per plant were collect and subjected into statistical analysis, using ANOVA and fisher’s L.S.D. at 5% probability level. Plant growth parameters decreased with increase in cropping cycle. Similarly, maize grown on dumpsite soils did better than the control soil samples. It show increase in plant height, leaf area and number of leaves per plant at a range of 16.82 cm to 12.87 cm, 5 to 4 and 64.69 cm to 59.88 cm for the dumpsite and control samples respectively. Soil PH, organic matter (OM), total Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Effective Cat-ion Exchange Capacity (ECEC) decreased with increase in cropping cycle respectively. The Dumpsite soil sample recorded higher mean values than the control (P < 0.05). There is every indication that municipal solid waste is beneficial to plant if only proper and careful sorting and separation of hazardous waste is done.

scholarly journals Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Blanca María Plaza ◽  
Rita Maggini ◽  
Eva Borghesi ◽  
Alberto Pardossi ◽  
María Teresa Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills might result in serious environmental pollution. The goal of the present assay was to assess if MSW wastewater (pure or treated) can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, studying its effects on plant biometric parameters as well as on anion concentrations and anion partitioning of the bedding plant Viola × wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), to detect possible harmful impacts on plants. The treatments tested were: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, the control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with pure wastewater negatively affected plant fresh weight, water content (on a fresh weight basis), leaf area, plant height and width, and the number of leaves and flowers due to an accumulation of SO42− in plant tissues. Phytodepurated wastewater improved plant fresh weight, water content, plant height and width, the number of leaves and flowers, and reduced the leaf area because this treatment decreased SO42− concentrations in wastewater by half. Pansy plants also showed high levels of nutrients (N, P, and Mg) when compared with fertigation with pure and diluted landfill leachate. These results show that phytodepurated wastewater from MSW can be used for the fertigation of pansy plants.

scholarly journals Growth behaviour and metal accumulation of two varieties of maize Zea mays L. sown on a soil obtained from a mining site

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Sylvanus Efetobor Abiya ◽  
Germaine Akinola Ogunwole ◽  
Bridget Onoshagbe Odiyi ◽  
Aderonke Blessing Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Negative Effect

A screen house study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gemstone mining on the growth behaviour of maize Zea mays L. A completely randomized design involving two samples of soil (FUTA (control) and Ijero (mined soil)), two varieties of the maize (TMZ234 and Sammarz 39) was used. The seeds were sown into experimental pots containing the soils and the whole set up was left for eight weeks. Growth parameters (plant height, leaf area and stem girth were taken at a weekly basis up till the eight week. Eight heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ar, Zn, Pb and Ni) concentration in the soils, roots and shoots of the plants was determined at the end of the experiment using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Baseline data indicates that the mined soil is acidic (pH 4.12), with low organic carbon (0.92), low organic matter (1.59) and low total nitrogen (0.76). Results obtained from this study show that all growth parameters were negatively affected by the mined soil. Plant height was significantly higher in the control varieties (82.28 and 40.46, respectively) when compared with the mined soil varieties (30.5 and 29, respectively) at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). Leaf area also followed the same pattern with varieties grown on control soil having significantly higher leaf area (48.22 and 25.22, respectively) than varieties grown on mined soil (19.08 and 19, respectively). Stem girth of variety TMZ234 in control soil was also significantly higher than the rest (2.24 as against 1.68, 1.5 and 1.74). Heavy metals concentration in the soil, shoot and root of the plants grown in mined soils were all higher than in those grown on control soils. In the soil, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.24, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.20, 0.13, 0.10, respectively, in both varieties grown on mined soils as against 0.03, 0.01, 0.00 and 0.03, 0.08, 0.00 for Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively, for both varieties grown on control soils. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for the metals were less than 1 in all the soils except for Ni which had BCF of 2.80 and 6.90 for both varieties grown in the control soils. The results from this study has shown the negative effect of gemstone mining activities on the growth of two varieties of Zea mays.

Case Study of Controlled Air Addition into Landfilled Municipal Solid Waste: Design, Operation, and Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hac Ko ◽  
Jon Powell ◽  
Pradeep Jain ◽  
Hwidong Kim ◽  
Timothy Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

scholarly journals Genetic variance of sunflower yield components - Heliantus annuus L.

Genetika ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The main goals of sunflower breeding in Yugoslavia and abroad are increased seed yield and oil content per unit area and increased resistance to diseases, insects and stress conditions via an optimization of plant architecture. In order to determine the mode of inheritance, gene effects and correlations of total leaf number per plant, total leaf area and plant height, six genetically divergent inbred lines of sunflower were subjected to half diallel crosses. Significant differences in mean values of all the traits were found in the F1 and F2 generations. Additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of total leaf number per plant and plant height, while in the case of total leaf area per plant the nonadditive ones were more important looking at all the combinations in the F1 and F2 generations. The average degree of dominance (Hi/D)1/2 was lower than one for total leaf number per plant and plant height, so the mode of inheritance was partial dominance, while with total leaf area the value was higher than one, indicating super dominance as the mode of inheritance. Significant positive correlation was found: between total leaf area per plant and total leaf number per plant (0.285*) and plant height (0.278*). The results of the study are of importance for further sunflower breeding work.

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE (Zea mays) TO TYPES AND RATES OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS IN RAINFOREST TRANSITORY AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽  
O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽  
A. A. SORETIRE ◽  
A. A. OYEKANMI ◽  
P. A.S. SOREMI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Yield Responses

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,   

Analysis of the effect of n fertilisation on the growth dynamics of winter wheat varieties using the hunt-parsons model

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
E. Sugár ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The effect of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on the growth of winter wheat varieties was examined in three diverse years using the functional method of growth analysis. The main plot in the two-factorial, split-plot experiment was the N treatment and the subplot the variety. The wheat varieties Mv Toborzó (extra-early), Mv Palotás (early) and Mv Verbunkos (mid-early) were treated with N rates of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha−1 (N0, N80, N160, N240). The Hunt-Parsons (HP) program fitted a third-degree exponential function to the dry matter and leaf area data. In 2007 and 2008 dry matter accumulation continued up to the N240 rate and in 2009 to the N160 rate. In all three years the highest value was recorded for Mv Verbunkos (4.62 g plant−1 in 2007, 4.63 g in 2008 and 4.51 g in 2009). The highest value of maximum leaf area (237.5 cm2) was found for Mv Verbunkos in the N240 treatment. The maximum values of leaf area in each N treatment, averaged over years and varieties (cm2 plant−1), were as follows: N0: 86.2; N80: 141.0; N160: 164.0; N240: 173.1. The parameter AGRmean exhibited the highest value (8.04 g day−1 102) in the N160 treatment, while among the varieties Mv Verbunkos had the highest mean value (7.18 g day−1 102). The highest value of RGRmean was achieved by Mv Toborzó in the N160 treatment in 2009 (3.94 g g−1 day−1 102). The value of NARmean increased up to fertiliser rates of N160 and N240, with mean values (g m−1 day−1) of N0: 2.35, N80: 2.44, N160: 2.53 and N240: 2.47. The highest value of NAR (3.29 g m−1 day−1) was obtained for Mv Palotás in the N160 treatment in 2008. On average the greatest value of LARmax was recorded in the N160 treatment (172.8 cm2 g−1), while the highest absolute value (213.6 cm2 g−1) was achieved by Mv Toborzó in 2008. The unfavourable effect of the drought in 2007 was clearly reflected in the values of the growth parameters.

RESPOSTAS MORFOAGRONÔMICAS DE MILHO SUBMETIDO A DESFOLHA ARTIFICIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
EMERSON TROGELLO ◽  
LUAN FERREIRA BORGES ◽  
FÁBIO ARAÚJO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
QUÉZIA SANCHES MUTAGUTI ◽  
INGRID GOMIDES BARROS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Removal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

RESUMO - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características morfoagronômicas do híbrido simples de milho em função da aplicação de diferentes intensidades de desfolha artificial, realizadas no estádio R1 de desenvolvimento. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano,em Morrinhos-GO, na safra 2015/2016. Foi aplicado o delineamento de blocos completamente casualizados, com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo eles: remoção de uma folha acima e uma abaixo da espiga; remoção de duas folhas acima e abaixo da espiga; remoção de três folhas acima e abaixo da espiga; remoção de todas as folhas da planta; remoção de todas as folhas acima da espiga; remoção de todas as folhas abaixo da espiga; remoção da folha da espiga; e testemunha sem desfolha. Os caracteres avaliados foram: estande de plantas, número de plantas acamadas, prolificidade, densidade de colmo, comprimento e diâmetro de espiga, comprimento de grão, massa de mil grãos, massa de grãos espiga-1 e produtividade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade, observando que todas as variáveis avaliadas foram influenciadas quanto aos efeitos dos tratamentos empregados. O enchimento dos grãos esteve intimamente relacionado à fotossíntese. Sem as folhas, esta fase ficou plenamente comprometida.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, fotoassimilados, translocação, índice de área foliar, rendimento. MORPHOAGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE AS A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION  ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate of morphoagronomic characteristics of simple hybrids of maize, depending on the application of different intensities of artificial defoliation, carried out in R1, when the style-stigma were fertilized. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area of the Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos, State of Goiás, Brazil, during the agricultural year 2015/2016. We applied the design of completely randomized block with eight treatments, in four replications: removal of a leaf above and one below the ear; removal of two leaves above and below the ear; removal of three leaves above and below the ear; removal of all leaves of the plant; removal of all leaves above the ear; removal of all leaves below the ear; removal of the leaf of the ear; and control without defoliation. The traits evaluated were stand of plants, number of plant lodging, prolificacy, density, length and diameter of the cob, length of a grain, weight of a thousand grains, grain mass cob-1 and productivity. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance by F test at 5% probability, noting that all variables were influenced as to the effects of the treatments used. The filling of grains is closely related to photosynthesis. Without the leaves, this phase was fully damaged.Keywords: Zea mays L., photoassimilates, translocation, leaf area index, yield.

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