scholarly journals Geochemical Evaluation of Arimogija-Okeluse Limestones, Eastern Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edema Abayomi ◽  
Owonipa Omoniyi Dare
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Geochemical Evaluation ◽  
Dahomey Basin ◽  
High Carbonate

10 representative samples of limestone were collected from the Arimogija-Okeluse Axis of the Dahomey Basin and subjected to X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. Major and Trace elements were used to classify and predict the depositional environment of Arimogija-Okeluse limestone.The results for the major oxide composition revealed that CaO content ranges from 47.6-52.31% with a mean value of 50.06%. SiO2concentration varies from 1.94-5.24% with an average of 3.36%. Fe2O3. MgO, and Al2O3contents have mean values of 1.702%, 1.52%, and 1.09% respectively. Other oxides; Na2O, P2O5, K2O and TiO2are low in concentration. The Loss on Ignition also varies from 38.9-41.8 with a mean value of 40.43% suggesting a high carbonate content for the limestone. Standard Ca/Mg and Mg/Ca ratios varies from 25.87-37.63 and 0.03-0.04 with a mean of 33.31and 0.031 respectively. The high strontium content reveals a high saline environmental condition of formation for the limestone.The results obtained, however showed that the Arimogija-Okeluse limestone is a Magnesian limestone type deposited in a shallow marine environment and suitable for cement production.

Comparison of Emission Levels of Motor Cars, Motorcycles, and Tricycles Using Petrol Engines in Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Odunlami Olayemi Abosede ◽  
Akeredolu Funso Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Standards

The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon from four stroke-powered motorcars and two stroke-powered motorcycles and tricycles in Southwest Nigeria were examined using an automotive 4-gas analyer. Results show that tricycles produced more hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than motorcycles, while motorcycles emitted more of these pollutants than the gasoline fueled motor cars. (The gasoline fueled motorcars produced lowest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide while the tricycles produced the highest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions). On the contrary, motor cars had the highest mean value of carbon dioxide followed by the motorcycles, while tricycles had the least. This could be attributed to the presence of the catalytic converters in some of the motor cars oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The mean values of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcars are 630ppm, 10200ppm and 59900ppm. This is much higher than the NESREA (National Environmental standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency) standards as well as Euro II and Euro III (European standards) for vehicular emission. The mean values for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcycles and tricycles are (2150ppm, 21530ppm and 31200ppm) and (2820ppm, 24880ppm and 38710ppm) respectively. These results do not comply with Nigeria and European emission standards for hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Tricycles and motorcycles account for higher concentrations of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide pollutants from mobile sources, while they emit carbon dioxide minimally.

scholarly journals Nutrients: trace metals, micronutrients, oestrogen and B-vitamin content of Osun River: A River that runs southwestern Nigeria into the Atlantic Gulf of Guinea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Afolabi-Balogun ◽  
O.A. Oni-Babalola ◽  
I.I. Adeleke ◽  
F.A. Oseni ◽  
R.H. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractOsun-Osogbo Grove has a long history of healing and therapeutic claims by adherent believers, in spite of advancement in medicine. Scientists made attempts at investigating the biodiversity of the Grove, till date, there has not been convergence point between science and these indigenous beliefs. This study identified the presence of therapeutic agents in the water of Osun-Osogbo River, paying attention to at least six parameters; vitamin, phosphate, nitrate, amino acid, hormone and trace metal. Water samples were taken from two different sites during pre, during and post raining sessions (April 2017 - September 2019) were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Trace metal analysis revealed an average of 0.009-0.079 mg/Kg Zinc from site one and lower in site two. The mean value of manganese at both sites was virtually the same at 0.018-0.313 mg/kg, aluminum content was 0.045-0.179mg/Kg at site one, 0.050-0.192mg/kg at site two, cobalt was 0.024 mg/kg at site one, 0.026 mg/kg at site two while nickel was 0.006 mg/kg and 0.004 mg/kg for site one and two respectively. HPLC analysis shows mean Methionine content at both sites is higher than the FDA (56.6 ug/mL); site one had 74.41 ug/mL while site two had 57.11 ug/mL The mean values of two water-soluble vitamins; Thiamine (B1) was 3.758 mg/Kg and 2.355 mg/Kg while Pyridoxine (B6) was 0.108 mg/Kg and 0.072 mg/Kg at site one and two. GCMS analysis of steroidal content revealed values below lowest observed effect level (LOEL), testosterone (4.8 ng/L) and estrogen (2.4 ng/L) were still elevated while ethinylestradiol and estriol were ≥1.5 ng/L. Summarily, site one the major part for spiritual activities showed higher essential nutrient contents than site two which support the enrichment and potential therapeutic properties of the Osun river water. However, further scientific research is required to ensure that these therapeutic potentials supersede the toxicological effect.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

Luminescence dating of holocene siliciclastic sediments in eastern Dahomey Basin, southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Fakolade ◽  
Philip R. Ikhane ◽  
Qiuyue Zhao ◽  
Qingzhen Hao ◽  
Helena Alexanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Dahomey Basin ◽  
Siliciclastic Sediments

A new simpler approach to measure the strength of toe plantar flexion requiring no mechanical restraint with a light-weight device

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110029
Author(s):  
Yuko Komuro ◽  
Yuji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Mean

Conventionally, the strength of toe plantar flexion (STPF) is measured in a seated position, in which not only the target toe joints but also the knee and particularly ankle joints, are usually restrained. We have developed an approach for the measurement of STPF which does not involve restraint and considers the interactions of adjacent joints of the lower extremities. This study aimed to evaluate this new approach and comparing with the seated approach. A thin, light-weight, rigid plate was attached to the sole of the foot in order to immobilize the toe area. Participants were 13 healthy young women (mean age: 24 ± 4 years). For measurement of STPF with the new approach, participants were instructed to stand, raise the device-wearing leg slightly, plantar flex the ankle, and push the sensor sheet with the toes to exert STPF. The sensor sheet of the F-scan II system was inserted between the foot sole and the plate. For measurement with the seated approach, participants were instructed to sit and push the sensor with the toes. They were required to maintain the hip, knee, and ankle joints at 90°. The mean values of maximum STPF of the 13 participants obtained with each approach were compared. There was no significant difference in mean value of maximum STPF when the two approaches were compared (new: 59 ± 23 N, seated: 47 ± 33 N). The coefficient of variation of maximum STPF was smaller for data obtained with the new approach (new: 39%, seated: 70%). Our simple approach enables measurement of STPF without the need for the restraints that are required for the conventional seated approach. These results suggest that the new approach is a valid method for measurement of STPF.

scholarly journals Applying MRI Intensity Normalization on Non-Bone Tissues to Facilitate Pseudo-CT Synthesis from MRI

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Kuei-Yuan Hou ◽  
Hao-Yuan Lu ◽  
Ching-Ching Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Ratio Image ◽  
Abdominal Mri ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intensity Normalization

This study aimed to facilitate pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI by normalizing MRI intensity of the same tissue type to a similar intensity level. MRI intensity normalization was conducted through dividing MRI by a shading map, which is a smoothed ratio image between MRI and a three-intensity mask. Regarding pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI, a conversion model based on a three-layer convolutional neural network was trained and validated. Before MRI intensity normalization, the mean value ± standard deviation of fat tissue in 0.35 T chest MRI was 297 ± 73 (coefficient of variation (CV) = 24.58%), which was 533 ± 91 (CV = 17.07%) in 1.5 T abdominal MRI. The corresponding results were 149 ± 32 (CV = 21.48%) and 148 ± 28 (CV = 18.92%) after intensity normalization. With regards to pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI, the differences in mean values between pseudo-CT and real CT were 3, 15, and 12 HU for soft tissue, fat, and lung/air in 0.35 T chest imaging, respectively, while the corresponding results were 3, 14, and 15 HU in 1.5 T abdominal imaging. Overall, the proposed workflow is reliable in pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI and is more practicable in clinical routine practice compared with deep learning methods, which demand a high level of resources for building a conversion model.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbial Ecology and Fillet Metal Chemistry of Wild Grey Mullets Reflect the Variability of the Aquatic Environment in a Western Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon (Santa Giusta, Sardinia, Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Rosanna Floris ◽  
Gabriele Sanna ◽  
Cecilia Teodora Satta ◽  
Carlo Piga ◽  
Francesco Sanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Grey Mullets

Fish populations play an active role in the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems biodiversity. Their intestinal microbiota and fillet chemistry depend on abiotic and biotic factors of the water environments that they inhabit. The present study investigated the grey mullets’ gut microbiota from a transitional aquatic ecosystem (Santa Giusta Lagoon, Sardinia, Italy) by a multidisciplinary approach which refers the results of (1) gut cultivable microbiota analyses (MA), (2) the trace metal assessment of fish muscle (TM), (3) the physico-chemical water monitoring (PC). MA detected the greatest number of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms in Autumn (mean values 1.3 × 105, 2.4 × 104, 1.1 × 104 cfu g−1, respectively) when the accumulated rain and mean values of nutrients (reactive phosphorous and silica) were the highest. Marine bacteria were more numerous in Summer (mean value 7.4 × 105 cfu g−1) when the highest mean values of water temperature and salinity were registered. The gut bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas spp. (64%), Aeromonas spp. (17%), Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense (10%), Providencia spp. (5%), Enterobacter ludwigii (2%) and Kocuria tytonicola (2%). TM showed that Ca, Na, B and Ni increased their concentrations in Winter while maxima of P, Zn, Cu and Fe were found in muscles of fish sampled in Summer. This study highlighted that the fish intestinal microbiota and metal composition of the fillet reflected the seasonal aquatic environmental variability.

The availability of copper to grazing ruminants in parts of North Yorkshire

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
J. R. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

SummaryA total of 225 herbage samples were taken from two areas with a history of bovine hypocupraemia and examined for their Cu, Mo, total S, Zn, Fe and Cd content.In general, the concentrations of Cu and Mo (mean values 10·4 and 1·6 mg/kgD.M. respectively) were normal, as were those of Zn, Fe and Cd (mean values 43, 255 and 0–59 mg/kg D.M. respectively). The total S concentrations (mean value 3·5 g/kg D.M.) were, however, higher than found by some other workers.The concentrations of available herbage Cu were calculated using the following relationship of Suttle & McLauchlan (1976):logTA Cu = –0·0019 Mo–0·0755 S–0·0131 Mo × S–1·153,where TA Cu is the true availability of Cu, and Mo and total sulphur (S) are dietary concentrations as mg/kg D.M. and g/kg D.M. respectively. Animal requirements for available Cu were derived from estimates of the factorial Cu requirements of various classes of livestock, and when these were compared with the calculated concentrations of available Cu in the herbage they provided a possible explanation for the widespread hypocupraemia experienced in these areas.

scholarly journals AB0101 THE IMPACT OF TIME SPAN TO ACHIEVE BOOLEAN REMISSION FOR MAINTAINING DISEASE ACTIVITY AFTER ACQUISITION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1079.1-1079
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Boolean remission criteria is one most popular and stringent criteria in treating patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because it may guarantees a stable clinical course after attaining remission.Objectives:Impact of time span from initiation to achieving Boolean remission on maintaining disease activity, daily activities, and quality of life after attaining Boolean remission was investigated from daily clinical practice data.Methods:685 patients with RA since August 2010 under the T2T strategy were treated. They were monitored for their TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, CRP, and disease activity indices such as CDAI, SDAI, DAS28, and Boolean criteria at every visit. HAQ-DI score, pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and EQ-5D were also monitored, and the quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from EQ-5D was determined at every visit from the time of diagnosis (baseline).Of 685 patients, 465 patients had achieved Boolean remission >1 times, and were consecutively followed up for >3 years. These patients were enrolled in the study. Time span from the first visit to first Boolean remission was calculated. The relationship between the time span and each of background parameters, and the relationship between the time span and each of the mean values of the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at the first Boolean remission and thereafter was evaluated statistically.Patients were subsequently divided into the G ≤ 6 and G > 6 groups based on the achievement of first Boolean remission within two groups: time span G ≤ 6 months and G > 6 months. The two groups were compared with regard to the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at first visit and at the time of first Boolean remission, and the mean values of these parameters after remission were evaluated statistically. Moreover, changes of these parameters and the mean Boolean remission rate after the first remission, and SDAI remission rate at the first Boolean remission to thereafter were compared between the two groups statistically.Results:Out of 465 patients, females comprised 343 (73.7%), and the mean age was 67.8 years (range, from 21–95 years). The mean disease duration at first visit was 6.1 years (range, from 1 months–45 years). The mean follow up length was 88.1 months (range: 36–122 months; median: 85 months) and mean time span from the first visit to the first Boolean remission was 8.1 months. The mean SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, and the QOLS at first visit were 13.3, 0.467, 33.2, and 0.834, respectively. Among the study parameters, PS-VAS and QOLS were significantly correlated with the time span. For parameters at the first Boolean remission, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, and QOLS demonstrated significant correlation with the time span, whereas SDAI, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS after the Boolean remission demonstrated significant correlation with the time span.The comparison between the G ≤ 6 and the G > 6 groups revealed that the disease duration, HAQ score, and PS-VAS at baseline in the G > 6 were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, and QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group at baseline. Similarly, the HAQ score and PS-VAS at the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, whereas QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group demonstrated no significant difference compared with that in the G > 6 group.The mean value of the SDAI score after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group. Similarly, the SDAI score, HAQ score, and PS-VAS after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were also significantly higher than those in the G ≤ 6 group, and the mean value of the QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group. The Boolean remission rate and SDAI remission rate after the first Boolean remission were significantly higher in the G ≤ 6 group than those in the G > 6 group.Conclusion:Attaining Boolean remission ≤ 6 months for RA has significant benefit for more stable disease control, that leads good maintenance of ADL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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