scholarly journals Applying MRI Intensity Normalization on Non-Bone Tissues to Facilitate Pseudo-CT Synthesis from MRI

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Kuei-Yuan Hou ◽  
Hao-Yuan Lu ◽  
Ching-Ching Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Ratio Image ◽  
Abdominal Mri ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intensity Normalization

This study aimed to facilitate pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI by normalizing MRI intensity of the same tissue type to a similar intensity level. MRI intensity normalization was conducted through dividing MRI by a shading map, which is a smoothed ratio image between MRI and a three-intensity mask. Regarding pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI, a conversion model based on a three-layer convolutional neural network was trained and validated. Before MRI intensity normalization, the mean value ± standard deviation of fat tissue in 0.35 T chest MRI was 297 ± 73 (coefficient of variation (CV) = 24.58%), which was 533 ± 91 (CV = 17.07%) in 1.5 T abdominal MRI. The corresponding results were 149 ± 32 (CV = 21.48%) and 148 ± 28 (CV = 18.92%) after intensity normalization. With regards to pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI, the differences in mean values between pseudo-CT and real CT were 3, 15, and 12 HU for soft tissue, fat, and lung/air in 0.35 T chest imaging, respectively, while the corresponding results were 3, 14, and 15 HU in 1.5 T abdominal imaging. Overall, the proposed workflow is reliable in pseudo-CT synthesis from MRI and is more practicable in clinical routine practice compared with deep learning methods, which demand a high level of resources for building a conversion model.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PERAIRAN TELUK LHOK RIGAH SEBAGAI LOKASI BUDIDAYA IKAN KERAPU BEBEK (Cromileptes altivelis) DENGAN SISTEM KERAMBA JARING APUNG (KJA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ika Kusumawati ◽  
Muhammad Arif Nasution ◽  
Riska Diana
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Survey Approach

Humpback grouper requires suitable water quality for life whether physics, biology, or chemistry aspect. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical indicators, chemical parameters, and the appropriateness level of waters for potentially conducting fish farming activities of Humpback grouper by employing floating cage in waters of Bay Rigaih, Aceh Jaya District. Researcher conducted the study from August to September 2016 and employed survey approach. Determining the location of the sampling point is by using purposive sampling. The sampling coordinates recorded with the Global Positioning System (GPS). Based on data from research sampling, The results show mean value for each physical parameters such as: a). The depth is 9.5 m; b). the brightness is 3.7 m; c). water temperature is27,66 oc; d). The current speed is 20.25 cm/sec. Samples of some stations show mean values of chemical parameters such as: a). DO is 7.65 mg / l; b). pH is 7.59; c). salinity is 38.75 ppt. The High level of appropriatenessfor humpback grouper farming was shown at station 4 for every physical and chemical parameter, so itconcludesthat station 4 meet the criteria of quality waters for the development

Effectiveness of Brushing Associated with Oral Irrigation in Maintenance of Peri-Implant Tissues and Overdentures: Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Moreira Salles ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Claudia Helena Silva-Lovato ◽  
Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Implant-supported prostheses hygiene and peri-implant tissues health are considered to be predictive factors for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of brushing associated with oral irrigation measured as biofilm-removing capacity, maintenance of healthy oral tissues, and patient satisfaction. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 38 patients who wore conventional maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures retained by the O-ring system. The patients were instructed to use the following hygiene methods for 14 days: mechanical brushing [MB (brush and dentifrice - Control)]; and MB with oral irrigation [WP (Waterpik - Experimental)]. Biofilm-removing capacity and maintenance of healthy oral tissues were evaluated by the Modified Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Bleeding on Probing Index (BP) recorded at baseline and after each method. In parallel, patients answered a specific questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale after each hygiene method. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). The results showed significantly lower PI, GI, PD, and BP indices after application of the hygiene methods (P<0.001) than those observed at baseline. However, no significant difference was found between MB and WP. The satisfaction questionnaire responses to both methods showed high mean values for all questions, with no statistically significant difference found between the answers given after the use of MB and WP (P>0.05). The findings suggest that WP was effective in reducing PI, GI, PD, and BP indices and provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

scholarly journals AB0189 LIPOPROTEIN ABNORMALITIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1119.1-1119
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
Y. Besbes ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Background:The lipid paradox is termed the decreased cholesterol level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the apolipoprotein levels are usually higher than a healthy person and are predictors of cardiovascular events.Objectives:We aimed to describe lipid abnormalities in RA patients and to look for predictor factors of these changes.Methods:The prospective study was carried out on patients with RA who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. These patients were followed in the rheumatology department of the Kassab Institute.We collected the socio-demographic data, biological and immunological parameters.The lipid assessment included: a measurement of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TG). Lipoproteins APOA1 and APOB were measured. All data were collected after patient consent.Results:Of the 47 patients recruited, 78.7% were female. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The average RA progressed from 86.25 ±63 months [5-288] and was erosive in 81.6% of cases. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of patients, and citrullinated antipeptide antibodies (ACPA) were present in 62.2%. Eight patients had a previous CV history.Mean TC was 4.42 ±1.3 [1.2-7.58], mean HDL was 1.38 ±0.73 [0.18-4.10], mean LDL was 2.55 ±1.16 [0.24-5.54]. The mean TG value was 1.28 ±0.6 [0.24-5.54]. TC elevation was found in 9.1% of cases, HDL in 21.3% of cases, LDL in 5.5% of cases, and TG in 16.4% of cases. Mean APOB/APOA1 ratio was 0.67 ±0.18 [0,46-1,11]. LDL elevation was associated to a high DAS28 (p=0.06, r=0.512). APOA1 was associated to a low DAS28 (p=0.04, r=-0.642).The mean value of APO A1 was 1.36 ±0.21 [0.84-1.81], that of APOB was 0.90 ±0.22 [0.58-1.40]. APOA1 values were lower in patients with high-level LDL (p=0.767). The APOB value was associated with lipid disturbance without significant correlation (p=0.291).Conclusion:Lipid test abnormalities can be found in RA patients outside of any known CV risk factors. APOA1 seems to have a protective effect. Screening and treatment of these abnormalities can prevent CV risk.References:[1]Miguel Bernardes and al. Coronary artery calcium score in female rheumatoid arthritis patients: Associations with apolipoproteins and disease biomarkers. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;00:1–16.[2]Anna So dergren and al. Biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. PLOS ONE. August 5, 2019.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

A new simpler approach to measure the strength of toe plantar flexion requiring no mechanical restraint with a light-weight device

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110029
Author(s):  
Yuko Komuro ◽  
Yuji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Mean

Conventionally, the strength of toe plantar flexion (STPF) is measured in a seated position, in which not only the target toe joints but also the knee and particularly ankle joints, are usually restrained. We have developed an approach for the measurement of STPF which does not involve restraint and considers the interactions of adjacent joints of the lower extremities. This study aimed to evaluate this new approach and comparing with the seated approach. A thin, light-weight, rigid plate was attached to the sole of the foot in order to immobilize the toe area. Participants were 13 healthy young women (mean age: 24 ± 4 years). For measurement of STPF with the new approach, participants were instructed to stand, raise the device-wearing leg slightly, plantar flex the ankle, and push the sensor sheet with the toes to exert STPF. The sensor sheet of the F-scan II system was inserted between the foot sole and the plate. For measurement with the seated approach, participants were instructed to sit and push the sensor with the toes. They were required to maintain the hip, knee, and ankle joints at 90°. The mean values of maximum STPF of the 13 participants obtained with each approach were compared. There was no significant difference in mean value of maximum STPF when the two approaches were compared (new: 59 ± 23 N, seated: 47 ± 33 N). The coefficient of variation of maximum STPF was smaller for data obtained with the new approach (new: 39%, seated: 70%). Our simple approach enables measurement of STPF without the need for the restraints that are required for the conventional seated approach. These results suggest that the new approach is a valid method for measurement of STPF.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbial Ecology and Fillet Metal Chemistry of Wild Grey Mullets Reflect the Variability of the Aquatic Environment in a Western Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon (Santa Giusta, Sardinia, Italy)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Rosanna Floris ◽  
Gabriele Sanna ◽  
Cecilia Teodora Satta ◽  
Carlo Piga ◽  
Francesco Sanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Grey Mullets

Fish populations play an active role in the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems biodiversity. Their intestinal microbiota and fillet chemistry depend on abiotic and biotic factors of the water environments that they inhabit. The present study investigated the grey mullets’ gut microbiota from a transitional aquatic ecosystem (Santa Giusta Lagoon, Sardinia, Italy) by a multidisciplinary approach which refers the results of (1) gut cultivable microbiota analyses (MA), (2) the trace metal assessment of fish muscle (TM), (3) the physico-chemical water monitoring (PC). MA detected the greatest number of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms in Autumn (mean values 1.3 × 105, 2.4 × 104, 1.1 × 104 cfu g−1, respectively) when the accumulated rain and mean values of nutrients (reactive phosphorous and silica) were the highest. Marine bacteria were more numerous in Summer (mean value 7.4 × 105 cfu g−1) when the highest mean values of water temperature and salinity were registered. The gut bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas spp. (64%), Aeromonas spp. (17%), Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense (10%), Providencia spp. (5%), Enterobacter ludwigii (2%) and Kocuria tytonicola (2%). TM showed that Ca, Na, B and Ni increased their concentrations in Winter while maxima of P, Zn, Cu and Fe were found in muscles of fish sampled in Summer. This study highlighted that the fish intestinal microbiota and metal composition of the fillet reflected the seasonal aquatic environmental variability.

The availability of copper to grazing ruminants in parts of North Yorkshire

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Givens ◽  
J. R. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

SummaryA total of 225 herbage samples were taken from two areas with a history of bovine hypocupraemia and examined for their Cu, Mo, total S, Zn, Fe and Cd content.In general, the concentrations of Cu and Mo (mean values 10·4 and 1·6 mg/kgD.M. respectively) were normal, as were those of Zn, Fe and Cd (mean values 43, 255 and 0–59 mg/kg D.M. respectively). The total S concentrations (mean value 3·5 g/kg D.M.) were, however, higher than found by some other workers.The concentrations of available herbage Cu were calculated using the following relationship of Suttle & McLauchlan (1976):logTA Cu = –0·0019 Mo–0·0755 S–0·0131 Mo × S–1·153,where TA Cu is the true availability of Cu, and Mo and total sulphur (S) are dietary concentrations as mg/kg D.M. and g/kg D.M. respectively. Animal requirements for available Cu were derived from estimates of the factorial Cu requirements of various classes of livestock, and when these were compared with the calculated concentrations of available Cu in the herbage they provided a possible explanation for the widespread hypocupraemia experienced in these areas.

scholarly journals AB0101 THE IMPACT OF TIME SPAN TO ACHIEVE BOOLEAN REMISSION FOR MAINTAINING DISEASE ACTIVITY AFTER ACQUISITION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1079.1-1079
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Boolean remission criteria is one most popular and stringent criteria in treating patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because it may guarantees a stable clinical course after attaining remission.Objectives:Impact of time span from initiation to achieving Boolean remission on maintaining disease activity, daily activities, and quality of life after attaining Boolean remission was investigated from daily clinical practice data.Methods:685 patients with RA since August 2010 under the T2T strategy were treated. They were monitored for their TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, CRP, and disease activity indices such as CDAI, SDAI, DAS28, and Boolean criteria at every visit. HAQ-DI score, pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and EQ-5D were also monitored, and the quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from EQ-5D was determined at every visit from the time of diagnosis (baseline).Of 685 patients, 465 patients had achieved Boolean remission >1 times, and were consecutively followed up for >3 years. These patients were enrolled in the study. Time span from the first visit to first Boolean remission was calculated. The relationship between the time span and each of background parameters, and the relationship between the time span and each of the mean values of the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at the first Boolean remission and thereafter was evaluated statistically.Patients were subsequently divided into the G ≤ 6 and G > 6 groups based on the achievement of first Boolean remission within two groups: time span G ≤ 6 months and G > 6 months. The two groups were compared with regard to the SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS at first visit and at the time of first Boolean remission, and the mean values of these parameters after remission were evaluated statistically. Moreover, changes of these parameters and the mean Boolean remission rate after the first remission, and SDAI remission rate at the first Boolean remission to thereafter were compared between the two groups statistically.Results:Out of 465 patients, females comprised 343 (73.7%), and the mean age was 67.8 years (range, from 21–95 years). The mean disease duration at first visit was 6.1 years (range, from 1 months–45 years). The mean follow up length was 88.1 months (range: 36–122 months; median: 85 months) and mean time span from the first visit to the first Boolean remission was 8.1 months. The mean SDAI score, HAQ score, PS-VAS, and the QOLS at first visit were 13.3, 0.467, 33.2, and 0.834, respectively. Among the study parameters, PS-VAS and QOLS were significantly correlated with the time span. For parameters at the first Boolean remission, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, and QOLS demonstrated significant correlation with the time span, whereas SDAI, HAQ-DI score, PS-VAS, SHS, and QOLS after the Boolean remission demonstrated significant correlation with the time span.The comparison between the G ≤ 6 and the G > 6 groups revealed that the disease duration, HAQ score, and PS-VAS at baseline in the G > 6 were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, and QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group at baseline. Similarly, the HAQ score and PS-VAS at the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group, whereas QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group demonstrated no significant difference compared with that in the G > 6 group.The mean value of the SDAI score after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group was significantly higher than that in the G ≤ 6 group. Similarly, the SDAI score, HAQ score, and PS-VAS after the first Boolean remission in the G > 6 group were also significantly higher than those in the G ≤ 6 group, and the mean value of the QOLS in the G ≤ 6 group were significantly higher than that in the G > 6 group. The Boolean remission rate and SDAI remission rate after the first Boolean remission were significantly higher in the G ≤ 6 group than those in the G > 6 group.Conclusion:Attaining Boolean remission ≤ 6 months for RA has significant benefit for more stable disease control, that leads good maintenance of ADL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Factors Affecting the Achievement of Students in Economic Subject

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336
Author(s):  
Siti Hadijah Che Mat Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Teaching And Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Economic Program ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

There are various factors influencing a student’s academic achievement at any level, either primary, secondary or tertiary. These factors include attitudes, learning techniques, general interest in the subject matter, factors related to teacher, family or friends, previous achievements, teaching and learning environment and facilities, infrastructure, and teaching methods. This article explores factors affecting the achievement of student of a course offered in the economic program of universitiutaramalaysia. For this article, a total of 220 students who registered for macroeconomics course at universitiutaramalaysia were randomly selected to be the study sample. of the 220 responses, only 211 were analysed because some questionnaire forms was returned with incomplete information. these students consist of second, third and fourth year students. The study found that among the items in the lecturer preparation factor which came with high mean scores is the item "lecturer shows dedication in teaching". There is no denying that teaching and learning methods incorporating the latest technology and trends are desirable but the study shows that teaching using longstanding approach like using whiteboards is still preferable among students and gives the highest mean value of 7.44, which is a high level score. In terms of learning techniques, the study found that students are not consistent between the goals to achieve excellence with the appropriate effort taken by them. although they want to achieve high excellence in this subject but their efforts and actions are not inclined to that desire

CORRELATION OF SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS WITH FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Nishanth Kumar ◽  
Malathi R D ◽  
Ramadevi M
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multifactorial origin characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances of glucose , fat and protein metabolism. Hypomagnesemia is been associated with chronic and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Magnesium deciency in diabetes is known to be associated with increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. The aim of this study is to estimate fasting plasma glucose and serum magnesium levels and to assess the correlation of hypomagnesemia with abnormal fasting plasma glucose values. Material and Methods: The study was done at Government Medical College, Nizamabad. 80 subjects were recruited out of whom 40 apparently normal persons were taken as control group and the second group of 40 patients with known history of diabetes. The fasting plasma glucose(FPG) was estimated by GOD-POD method and serum Magnesium(Mg) levels were estimated using the Chemchek Mg kit which is based on Xylidyl Blue with ACTS method. Results :The mean values of fasting plasma glucose was 87.1 mg/dL in non diabetics when compared to 159.4 mg/dL in diabetics while Serum magnesium levels in control subjects had a mean value of 2.19mg/dLand 1.8mg/dLin diabetics. The data was analysed and found to be statistically signicant with a negative correlation between plasma magnesium and fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: There is signicant hypomagnesaemia which correlates increased fasting plasma glucose values in diabetics when compared to non diabetics and therefore assessing the serum magnesium levels may help in reducing risk of complications.

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