scholarly journals Comparison of Aerosol Optical Depth Products from Multi-Satellites over Densely Populated Cities of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Furqan Mahmud Butt ◽  
Muhammad Imran Shahzad ◽  
Seemab Khalid ◽  
Nadeem Iqbal ◽  
Anjum Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Major Satellite ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Air pollution in Pakistan is causing damage to health, environment and quality of life. Air pollution in Pakistan is not effectively monitored due to heavy cost involved in setting up ground stations. However, Satellite remote sensing can effectively monitor the air pollution in terms of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at regional as well as global level. However, algorithms used to derive AOD from different sensors have some inherited differences which can pose challenges in monitoring regional AOD at high temporal resolution using more than one sensor. Therefore, this study focuses on comparison of four major satellite based AOD products namely Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Ozone Monitoring Instrument multiwavelength (OMI) aerosol product and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) with the ground based AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD which is only available from Lahore and Karachi in Pakistan. The correlation of various AOD products with AERONET AOD is estimated statistically through coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), slope and intercept. It is noticed that MODIS is relatively accurate and reliable for monitoring air quality on operational bases over the land cover area of Lahore (R2= 0.78; RMSE = 0.18 ), whereas MISR over the coastal areas of Karachi (R2= 0.82; RMSE = 0.20 ). The results of the study will help the stakeholders in planning additional ground stations for operational monitoring of air quality at regional level.

scholarly journals A multi-angle aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm for geostationary satellite data over the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12519-12560
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
A. Lyapustin ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Kondragunta ◽  
I. Laszlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite

Abstract. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval from geostationary satellites has high temporal resolution compared to the polar orbiting satellites and thus enables us to monitor aerosol motion. However, current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) have only one visible channel for retrieving aerosol and hence the retrieval accuracy is lower than those from the multichannel polar-orbiting satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The operational GOES AOD retrieval algorithm (GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product, GASP) uses 28-day composite images from the visible channel to derive surface reflectance, which can produce large uncertainties. In this work, we develop a new AOD retrieval algorithm for the GOES imager by applying a modified multi-angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. The algorithm assumes the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) at channel 1 of GOES is proportional to seasonal average BRDF in the 2.1 μm channel from MODIS. The ratios between them are derived through time series analysis of the GOES visible channel images. The results of the AOD and surface reflectance retrievals are evaluated through comparison against those from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), GASP, and MODIS. The AOD retrievals from the new algorithm demonstrate good agreement with AERONET retrievals at several sites across the US. They are comparable to the GASP retrievals in the eastern-central sites and are more accurate than GASP retrievals in the western sites. In the western US where surface reflectance is high, the new algorithm also produces larger AOD retrieval coverage than both GASP and MODIS.

scholarly journals Global Distribution of Column Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth to Surface PM2.5 Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar Christopher ◽  
Pawan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Large Spread ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Using a combined Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mid-visible aerosol optical depth (AOD) product at 0.1 × 0.1-degree spatial resolution and collocated surface PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) monitors, we provide a global five-year (2015–2019) assessment of the spatial and seasonal AOD–PM2.5 relationships of slope, intercepts, and correlation coefficients. Only data from ground monitors accessible through an open air-quality portal that are available to the worldwide community for air quality research and decision making are used in this study. These statistics that are reported 1 × 1-degree resolution are important since satellite AOD is often used in conjunction with spatially limited surface PM2.5 monitors to estimate global distributions of surface particulate matter concentrations. Results indicate that more than 3000 ground monitors are now available for PM2.5 studies. While there is a large spread in correlation coefficients between AOD and PM2.5, globally, averaged over all seasons, the correlation coefficient is 0.55 with a unit AOD producing 54 μgm−3 of PM2.5 (Slope) with an intercept of 8 μgm−3. While the number of surface PM2.5 measurements has increased by a factor of 10 over the last decade, a concerted effort is still needed to continue to increase these monitors in areas that have no surface monitors, especially in large population centers that will further leverage the strengths of satellite data.

scholarly journals A multi-angle aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm for geostationary satellite data over the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11977-11991 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
A. Lyapustin ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Kondragunta ◽  
I. Laszlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Polar Orbiting Satellite

Abstract. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from geostationary satellites have high temporal resolution compared to the polar orbiting satellites and thus enable us to monitor aerosol motion. However, current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) have only one visible channel for retrieving aerosols and hence the retrieval accuracy is lower than those from the multichannel polar-orbiting satellite instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The operational GOES AOD retrieval algorithm (GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product, GASP) uses 28-day composite images from the visible channel to derive surface reflectance, which can produce large uncertainties. In this work, we develop a new AOD retrieval algorithm for the GOES imager by applying a modified Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. The algorithm assumes the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) in the channel 1 of GOES is proportional to seasonal average MODIS BRDF in the 2.1 μm channel. The ratios between them are derived through time series analysis of the GOES visible channel images. The results of AOD and surface reflectance retrievals are evaluated through comparisons against those from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), GASP, and MODIS. The AOD retrievals from the new algorithm demonstrate good agreement with AERONET retrievals at several sites across the US with correlation coefficients ranges from 0.71 to 0.85 at five out of six sites. At the two western sites Railroad Valley and UCSB, the MAIAC AOD retrievals have correlations of 0.8 and 0.85 with AERONET AOD, and are more accurate than GASP retrievals, which have correlations of 0.7 and 0.74 with AERONET AOD. At the three eastern sites, the correlations with AERONET AOD are from 0.71 to 0.81, comparable to the GASP retrievals. In the western US where surface reflectance is higher than 0.15, the new algorithm also produces larger AOD retrieval coverage than both GASP and MODIS.

scholarly journals Validation, comparison, and integration of GOCI, AHI, MODIS, MISR, and VIIRS aerosol optical depth over East Asia during the 2016 KORUS-AQ campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 4619-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungje Choi ◽  
Hyunkwang Lim ◽  
Jhoon Kim ◽  
Seoyoung Lee ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Satellite Sensors

Abstract. Recently launched multichannel geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite sensors, such as the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), provide aerosol products over East Asia with high accuracy, which enables the monitoring of rapid diurnal variations and the transboundary transport of aerosols. Most aerosol studies to date have used low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), with a maximum of one or two overpass daylight times per day from midlatitudes to low latitudes. Thus, the demand for new GEO observations with high temporal resolution and improved accuracy has been significant. In this study the latest versions of aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from three LEO sensors – MODIS (Dark Target, Deep Blue, and MAIAC), MISR, and the Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), along with two GEO sensors (GOCI and AHI), are validated, compared, and integrated for a period during the Korea–United States Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) field campaign from 1 May to 12 June 2016 over East Asia. The AOD products analyzed here generally have high accuracy with high R (0.84–0.93) and low RMSE (0.12–0.17), but their error characteristics differ according to the use of several different surface-reflectance estimation methods. High-accuracy near-real-time GOCI and AHI measurements facilitate the detection of rapid AOD changes, such as smoke aerosol transport from Russia to Japan on 18–21 May 2016, heavy pollution transport from China to the Korean Peninsula on 25 May 2016, and local emission transport from the Seoul Metropolitan Area to the Yellow Sea in South Korea on 5 June 2016. These high-temporal-resolution GEO measurements result in more representative daily AOD values and make a greater contribution to a combined daily AOD product assembled by median value selection with a 0.5∘×0.5∘ grid resolution. The combined AOD is spatially continuous and has a greater number of pixels with high accuracy (fraction within expected error range of 0.61) than individual products. This study characterizes aerosol measurements from LEO and GEO satellites currently in operation over East Asia, and the results presented here can be used to evaluate satellite measurement bias and air quality models.

scholarly journals The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 Onward. Part II: Evaluation and Case Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 6851-6872 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Buchard ◽  
C. A. Randles ◽  
A. M. da Silva ◽  
A. Darmenov ◽  
P. R. Colarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Rim Fire ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), is NASA’s latest reanalysis for the satellite era (1980 onward) using the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), Earth system model. MERRA-2 provides several improvements over its predecessor (MERRA-1), including aerosol assimilation for the entire period. MERRA-2 assimilates bias-corrected aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instruments. Additionally, MERRA-2 assimilates (non bias corrected) AOD from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer over bright surfaces and AOD from Aerosol Robotic Network sunphotometer stations. This paper, the second of a pair, summarizes the efforts to assess the quality of the MERRA-2 aerosol products. First, MERRA-2 aerosols are evaluated using independent observations. It is shown that the MERRA-2 absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) and ultraviolet aerosol index (AI) compare well with Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations. Next, aerosol vertical structure and surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are evaluated using available satellite, aircraft, and ground-based observations. While MERRA-2 generally compares well to these observations, the assimilation cannot correct for all deficiencies in the model (e.g., missing emissions). Such deficiencies can explain many of the biases with observations. Finally, a focus is placed on several major aerosol events to illustrate successes and weaknesses of the AOD assimilation: the Mount Pinatubo eruption, a Saharan dust transport episode, the California Rim Fire, and an extreme pollution event over China. The article concludes with a summary that points to best practices for using the MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis in future studies.

scholarly journals Relationship Between MODIS-based Aerosol Optical Depth and PM10 over Sumatra to Overcome the Limitations of Air Quality Monitoring Data Availability

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 2163-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafrijon Syafrijon ◽  
Marzuki Marzuki ◽  
Emriadi Emriadi ◽  
Ridho Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

The present study uses the aerosol optical depth (AOD) obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite as a proxy to estimate the surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations over Sumatra. The daily average PM10 data collected during 2015 from three air quality stations across Sumatra, i.e., Kototabang, Jambi and Pekanbaru, were analyzed. The 2015 Indonesian forest fire significantly increased the PM10 concentrations and MODIS AOD values. The ratios of the mean PM10 concentrations and AOD values during the peak forest fire period to those during the period of normal conditions varied from 6 to 9. MODIS AOD may be a good indicator of the near-surface PM10 concentrations over Sumatra, as the correlation coefficients of the linear regressions were 0.86 (Kototabang), 0.80 (Jambi), and 0.81 (Pekanbaru). The linear regression functions of PM10 and satellite-observed AOD can be used to estimate the surface PM10 concentrations, and the correlation coefficient is 0.84.

scholarly journals Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on the 2020 Columnar and Surface Air Pollution Parameters over South-Eastern Italy

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Salvatore Romano ◽  
Valentina Catanzaro ◽  
Fabio Paladini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Surface Parameters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Impact

The combined use of Lecce-University AERONET-photometer measurements and PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 concentrations from different sites of Apulia-Region Air-Quality Agency represents the peculiarity of this study, which evaluates the impact of COVID-19 lockdown (LD) measures on aerosol and gaseous pollutants. Monthly-averaged columnar and surface parameters of the 2020-year were compared with corresponding monthly parameters of the ref-year obtained by averaging 2017, 2018, and 2019 measurements in order to evaluate LD measure impacts by Average Percent Departure (APD%). Photometer measurements showed that LD measures were likely responsible for the decrease in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). The APD% estimated between the 2020- and ref-year AOD (at 440 nm) was characterized by negative values from June to August, reaching the smallest mean value (−46%) in June. Moreover, the columnar aerosol load appeared less affected by continental urban/industrial particles than previous years in the summer of 2020. The PM-concentration-APD% calculated at ten sites was characterized by monthly trends similar to those of AOD-APD%. PM-APD% values varied from site to site and smaller values (up to −57% in June) were on average detected at urban/suburban sites than at background sites (up to −37%). The impact of LD measures on gaseous pollutants was observed from the onset of LD.

scholarly journals Validation, comparison, and integration of GOCI, AHI, MODIS, MISR, and VIIRS aerosol optical depth over East Asia during the 2016 KORUS-AQ campaign

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungje Choi ◽  
Hyunkwang Lim ◽  
Jhoon Kim ◽  
Seoyoung Lee ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Satellite Sensors

Abstract. Recently launched multi-channel geostationary-Earth-orbit (GEO) satellite sensors such as the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) provide aerosol products over East Asia with high accuracy, which enables the monitoring of rapid diurnal variations and the transboundary transport of aerosols. Most aerosol studies to date have used low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) with a maximum of one or two overpass daylight times per day at mid- to low latitudes. Thus, the demand for new GEO observations with high temporal resolution and improved accuracy has been significant. In this study the aerosol optical depth (AOD) products from three LEO sensors – MODIS, MISR, and the Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) – along with two GEO sensors – GOCI and AHI – are validated, compared and integrated for the period during the Korea–United Sates Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) field campaign from 1 May to 12 June 2016 over East Asia. The AOD products analyzed here generally have high accuracy, but their error characteristics differ according to the use of several different surface-reflectance estimation methods plus differences in cloud screening. High-accuracy near-real-time GOCI and AHI measurements facilitate the detection of rapid AOD changes, such as smoke aerosol transport from Russia to Japan on 18–21 May 2016, heavy pollution transport from China to Korea on 25 May 2016, and local emission transport from the Seoul Metropolitan Area to the Yellow Sea in Korea on 5 June 2016. These high-temporal-resolution GEO measurements result in more-representative daily AOD values and make a greater contribution to a combined daily AOD product assembled by median-value selection with a 0.5° × 0.5° grid resolution. The combined AOD is more spatially continuous and of higher accuracy than the individual products. This study characterizes aerosol measurements from LEO and GEO satellites currently in operation over East Asia, and results presented here can be used to evaluate satellite measurement bias and air-quality models.

scholarly journals A surface reflectance scheme for retrieving aerosol optical depth over urban surfaces in MODIS Dark Target retrieval algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3293-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Gupta ◽  
Robert C. Levy ◽  
Shana Mattoo ◽  
Lorraine A. Remer ◽  
Leigh A. Munchak
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Surface Parameterization ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, aboard the two Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua, provide aerosol information with nearly daily global coverage at moderate spatial resolution (10 and 3 km). Almost 15 years of aerosol data records are now available from MODIS that can be used for various climate and air-quality applications. However, the application of MODIS aerosol products for air-quality concerns is limited by a reduction in retrieval accuracy over urban surfaces. This is largely because the urban surface reflectance behaves differently than that assumed for natural surfaces. In this study, we address the inaccuracies produced by the MODIS Dark Target (MDT) algorithm aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals over urban areas and suggest improvements by modifying the surface reflectance scheme in the algorithm. By integrating MODIS Land Surface Reflectance and Land Cover Type information into the aerosol surface parameterization scheme for urban areas, much of the issues associated with the standard algorithm have been mitigated for our test region, the continental United States (CONUS). The new surface scheme takes into account the change in underlying surface type and is only applied for MODIS pixels with urban percentage (UP) larger than 20 %. Over the urban areas where the new scheme has been applied (UP > 20 %), the number of AOD retrievals falling within expected error (EE %) has increased by 20 %, and the strong positive bias against ground-based sun photometry has been eliminated. However, we note that the new retrieval introduces a small negative bias for AOD values less than 0.1 due to the ultra-sensitivity of the AOD retrieval to the surface parameterization under low atmospheric aerosol loadings. Global application of the new urban surface parameterization appears promising, but further research and analysis are required before global implementation.

scholarly journals Studying the Impact on Urban Health over the Greater Delta Region in Egypt Due to Aerosol Variability Using Optical Characteristics from Satellite Observations and Ground-Based AERONET Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhao Li ◽  
Elham Ali ◽  
Islam Abou El-Magd ◽  
Moustafa Mohamed Mourad ◽  
Hesham El-Askary
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

This research addresses the aerosol characteristics and variability over Cairo and the Greater Delta region over the last 20 years using an integrative multi-sensor approach of remotely sensed and PM10 ground data. The accuracy of these satellite aerosol products is also evaluated and compared through cross-validation against ground observations from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) project measured at local stations. The results show the validity of using Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra and Aqua platforms for quantitative aerosol optical depth (AOD) assessment as compared to Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), and POLarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER). In addition, extracted MISR-based aerosol products have been proven to be quite effective in investigating the characteristics of mixed aerosols. Daily AERONET AOD observations were collected and classified using K-means unsupervised machine learning algorithms, showing five typical patterns of aerosols in the region under investigation. Four seasonal aerosol emerging episodes are identified and analyzed using multiple indicators, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), size distribution, single scattering albedo (SSA), and Ångström exponent (AE). The movements and detailed aerosol composition of the aforementioned episodes are demonstrated using NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) back trajectories model in collaboration with aerosol subtype products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission. These episodes indicate that during the spring, fall, and summer, most of the severe aerosol events are caused by dust or mixed related scenarios, whereas during winter, aerosols of finer size lead to severe heavy conditions. It also demonstrates the impacts of different aerosol sources on urban human health, which are presented by the variations of multiple parameters, including solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, and UV exposure. Scarce ground PM10 data were collected and compared against satellite products, yet owed to their discrete nature of availability, our approach made use of the Random Decision Forest (RDF) model to convert satellite-based AOD and other meteorological parameters to predict PM10. The RDF model with inputs from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets improves the performance of using AOD products to estimate PM10 values. The connection between climate variability and aerosol intensity, as well as their impact on health-related PM2.5 over Egypt is also demonstrated.

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