scholarly journals Secretory immunoglobulin A of the respiratory system and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-798
Author(s):  
Nadezhda O. Kryukova ◽  
Ekaterina B. Rakunova ◽  
M. P. Kostinov ◽  
Irina A. Baranova ◽  
Oxana A. Svitich
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

The main focus in the course of COVID-19 goes on assessing the overall immune response. The role of mucosal immunity in this disease has not been studied sufficiently.The study aimed to analyze published data about secretory IgA as a significant indicator of the mucosal immune response of the respiratory tract in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods. Articles were identified via PubMed bibliographic database. The time-span of research was two years (2020, 2021).Results. The search identified 54 articles. There is evidence that secretory IgA (sIgA) is the main antibody isotype of the mucosal immunity. It is produced in quantities significantly higher than those of all other isotypes of immunoglobulins combined. sIgA antibodies are effective against various pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, due to mechanisms such as neutralization, suppression of adhesion to the mucosal surface and invasion of epithelial cells, agglutination and facilitating the removal of pathogenic microorganisms with the mucosal secretions. Virus-specific IgA antibodies in the blood serum are detected in patients with COVID-19 as early as two days after the first symptoms, while IgM or IgG class antibodies appear only after 5 days. We accessed the efficacy of intranasal immunization as to induction of predominant production of sIgA in the upper and lower respiratory tract.Conclusion. The current information on the local immune response of the respiratory mucosa is important for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, diagnosis, and development of new methods of treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The mucosal immune system and IgA nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreto Gesualdo ◽  
Vincenzo Di Leo ◽  
Rosanna Coppo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy ◽  
Food Antigen ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The precise pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is still not clearly established but emerging evidence confirms a pivotal role for mucosal immunity. This review focuses on the key role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in promoting the onset of the disease, underlying the relationship among microbiota, genetic factors, food antigen, infections, and mucosal immune response. Finally, we evaluate potential therapies targeting microbes and mucosa hyperresponsiveness in IgAN patients.

scholarly journals Interplay of intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease: a relationship of frenemies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482093518
Author(s):  
Huimin Chen ◽  
Hongfen Li ◽  
Zhanju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. With in-depth studies on the mechanisms of the initiation and development of IBD, increasing lines of evidence have focused on the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD. The imbalance between the host and intestinal microbiota induces dysregulated immune response in intestinal mucosa and plays a pivotal role in the initiation of disease and ongoing bowel destruction. This review focuses on recent advances in intestinal microbiota regulation of mucosal immune response as well as novel approaches based on intestinal microbiota alterations in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic response in IBD.

scholarly journals Comparative Role of Immunoglobulin A in Protective Immunity against the Bordetellae

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 4416-4422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Wolfe ◽  
Girish S. Kirimanjeswara ◽  
Elizabeth M. Goebel ◽  
Eric T. Harvill
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT The genus Bordetella includes a group of closely related mammalian pathogens that cause a variety of respiratory diseases in a long list of animals (B. bronchiseptica) and whooping cough in humans (B. pertussis and B. parapertussis). While past research has examined how these pathogens are eliminated from the lower respiratory tract, the host factors that control and/or clear the bordetellae from the upper respiratory tract remain unclear. We hypothesized that immunoglobulin A (IgA), the predominant mucosal antibody isotype, would have a protective role against these mucosal pathogens. IgA−/− mice were indistinguishable from wild-type mice in their control and clearance of B. pertussis or B. parapertussis, suggesting that IgA is not crucial to immunity to these organisms. However, naïve and convalescent IgA−/− mice were defective in reducing the numbers of B. bronchiseptica in the upper respiratory tract compared to wild-type controls. Passively transferred serum from convalescent IgA−/− mice was not as effective as serum from convalescent wild-type mice in clearing this pathogen from the tracheae of naive recipient mice. IgA induced by B. bronchiseptica infection predominantly recognized lipopolysaccharide-containing O-antigen, and antibodies against O-antigen were important to bacterial clearance from the trachea. Since an IgA response contributes to the control of B. bronchiseptica infection of the upper respiratory tract, immunization strategies aimed at inducing B. bronchiseptica-specific IgA may be beneficial to preventing the spread of this bacterium among domestic animal populations.

Salmonella landau as a live vaccine against Escherichia coli O157:H7 investigated in a mouse model of intestinal colonization

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli

The present study was performed to assess the potential of a humoral mucosal immune response directed against the O157 antigen of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to prevent intestinal colonization by the pathogen. To this end, mice were gavaged with inocula of Salmonella landau, a Salmonella strain that naturally expresses the O157 antigen. Salmonella landau was avirulent for mice. Despite this, mice exposed to S. landau developed high titres of serum and coproantibodies against the O157 antigen. These mice, compared with controls, demonstrated some ability to resist transient intestinal colonization by an oral inoculum of an isolate of E. coli O157:H7. These findings suggest that a local immune response directed against the O157 antigen might increase host resistance to this pathogen.Key words: Salmonella landau, Escherichia coli O157:H7, mucosal immunity, mice.

TECHNIQUES FOR ELICITING MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSE

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S262-S280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Waldman ◽  
R. Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Parenteral Immunization

ABSTRACT Development of techniques for eliciting an immune response on mucosal surfaces is a relatively new area of clinical research. With the recognition of the existence of secretory immunity, independent of the systemic system, there was renewed interest in re-examining the conventional approach for optimal immunization techniques. A large body of data indicate that the majority of the secretory immunoglobulins and antibody produced to antigenic stimulation of mucosal surfaces is locally produced. Thus, antibody to C. albicans in the cervical or vaginal mucus has been shown to be of local origin and it predominantly belongs to the secretory IgA immunoglobulin class. The mechanism of antigen processing by the secretory surface leading to antibody formation remains a mystery, but it might be determined by the selective localization of antigens in the reticuloendothelial cells of the lamina propria, bronchi or small intestine. Usually application of antigen topically to the mucosal surface elicits local antibody formation to a greater extent than does parenteral immunization. On the other hand, a more pronounced systemic immune response is seen when the antigen is administered systemically. However, a number of other factors determine the quality and quantity of the immune response, e. g., the physical state of the antigen, live vs killed vaccine, dose, adjuvant, previous exposure to similar or cross-reacting antigens, and site of application of the antigen. These factors are discussed in the review. Recent observations suggest that cell mediated immunity is a component of the secretory immune system, and like the humoral mechanism, also may be partially compartmentalized.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antibodies in Lymphocyte Supernatant and Antibody-Secreting Cell Assays for Measuring Intestinal Mucosal Immune Response to a Novel Oral Typhoid Vaccine (M01ZH09)

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Matthew D. Bentley ◽  
Anette M. Thern ◽  
Catherine J. Larsson ◽  
Cassandra Ventrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Secreting Cell ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cell ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Enteric Infections

ABSTRACT Antibody-secreting cell (ASC) and antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) assays are used to assess intestinal mucosal responses to enteric infections and vaccines. The ALS assay, performed on cell supernatants, may represent a convenient alternative to the more established ASC assay. The two methods, measuring immunoglobulin A to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi lipopolysaccharide, were compared in volunteers vaccinated with a live-attenuated typhoid vaccine M01ZH09. The specificity of the ALS assay compared to the ASC assay was excellent (100%), as was sensitivity (82%). The ALS assay was less sensitive than the ASC assay at ≤42 spots/106 peripheral blood lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Gut Colonization of Mice withactA-Negative Mutant of Listeria monocytogenesCan Stimulate a Humoral Mucosal Immune Response

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3542-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniraj Manohar ◽  
Donald O. Baumann ◽  
Nicolaas A. Bos ◽  
John J. Cebra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Iga Production

ABSTRACT We used Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium, to study the gut mucosal immune responses following oral infection. We employed a germfree (GF) mouse model to try to accentuate the development of a humoral mucosal immune response in the gut, and we used oral colonization with one of the mutants, actA-negative (ΔactA) L. monocytogenes, to restrict infection largely to the gut. The ΔactA mutant was able to colonize the intestinal mucosa of formerly GF mice for long periods of time without causing disease while eliciting secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses, as evidenced by gut tissue fragment culture assays. Flow cytometric analyses and immunohistochemical methods showed the development of only minimal germinal center reactions (GCR) in Peyer's patches and more robust GCR in mesenteric lymph nodes. Pronounced increases in total (natural) IgA production occurred in gut tissues by day 7 and were maintained for up to 90 days. Levels of specific IgA were modest in gut tissues on day 14, increased until day 76, and stabilized at day 90. We also observed a significant rise in serum IgA and IgG1 levels following oral infection by listeriae. Upon colonization, the organisms mainly infected the intestines and intestinal lumen, and we only sporadically observed few colony-forming bacteria in the liver and spleen. We observed a marked rise in IgA-secreting cells, including listeria-specific IgA antibody-secreting cells, in the lamina propria of the small intestine by enzyme-linked immunospot assays. To ascertain whether some of the IgA was specific for listeriae, we performed Western blot analysis to test the reactivity of IgA from fragment cultures to antigens in sonicates of L. monocytogenes. We detected IgA binding to antigenic proteins with molecular masses of 96, 60, 40, and 14 kDa in theListeria sonicates.

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