Physiological and Biochemical Consequences of Exposure of Neonatal Rats to Chronic Hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Ibe ◽  
May Abdallah ◽  
J. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Tlr4 Expression ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Neonates ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

We studied effect of chronic hypoxia (CH) on expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) by neonatal rats (pups). We hypothesized that PAFR antagonist will prevent pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pups exposed to CH. Pups were placed in an air-tight chamber ventilated with 13% oxygen, hypoxia (Hpx) or room air normoxia (Nmx) from 1d to 22d of age. Three groups of pups were studied (each group, n=10-14 pups): Group1, pups in Nmx; Group2, pups in Hpx given 5mg/kg PAFR receptor antagonist, WEB 2170, IP, every other day for 22d, (Hpx+WEB); Group3, pups in Hpx control. Hemotocrit, RV/LV+S, PAF binding, PAF synthesis, and PAFR expression were determined. Hyx control group had 2-fold higher RV/LV+S than Nmx group and PAFR antagonist decreased RV/LV+S to the Nmx control value. Lungs of pups in Hpx expressed more PAFR protein than Hpx+WEB and Nmx groups. Additionally, Hpx increased PAF synthesis and PAFR binding whereas WEB treatment decreased PAFR binding, but produced no difference in PAF synthesis compared to Nmx group. Hpx increased NF-kB p65 and TLR4 expression. WEB treatment abrogated expression or NF-kB p65 and TLR4 proteins. Our findings show that chronic hypoxia induces expression of PAFR, NF-kB p65 and TLR4 by pups’ lungs and suggest that increased PAFR expression may be responsible for the right ventricular hypertrophy and PH. Thus a PAFR antagonist may offer a therapeutic intervention for CH-induced PH in human neonates.

Exposure of neonatal rats to carbon monoxide alters cardiac adaptation to aortic constriction

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2697-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Boluyt ◽  
D. G. Penney ◽  
F. J. Clubb ◽  
T. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Control Value

We tested the hypothesis that a 32-day exposure of newborn rats to 500 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) would alter the adaptive response of the heart to aortic constriction in adulthood. At 110 days of age aortic constriction or sham operations were performed, and hearts were studied 28 days later. Aortic constriction increased left ventricular (LV) mass by 40% over the control value of 611 +/- 27 mg; this adaptive response was not altered by CO exposure. Aortic constriction and CO exposure increased right ventricular (RV) mass by 10 and 11%, respectively, over the control value of 185 +/- 10 mg. The effects of both experimental procedures on RV mass were additive (23%). Peak LV pressure development (dP/dtmax) in vitro increased 29% after aortic constriction in the nonexposed rats. CO exposure blunted the increase in peak LV systolic pressure due to aortic constriction. Maximum positive and negative dP/dtmax decreased by 19% after aortic constriction and were unaffected by CO exposure. The percentage of alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) in the ventricles was 94 +/- 2% in the control group and was decreased to 81 +/- 3% by aortic constriction. In contrast, the percentage of alpha-MHC was 87 +/- 2% for CO-exposed rats and was not significantly altered after aortic constriction. In vitro coronary flow was increased 18% in hearts of adult rats exposed to CO as neonates. Exposure of neonatal rats to CO induced chronic adaptations in the myocardium, some of which became evident in adulthood only when hearts were challenged by aortic constriction.

p53 Gene deficiency promotes hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. L753-L761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Mizuno ◽  
Herman J. Bogaard ◽  
Donatas Kraskauskas ◽  
Aysar Alhussaini ◽  
Jose Gomez-Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Arterial Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary arterial remodeling, resulting in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Hypoxia has been implicated as a physiological stimulus for p53 induction and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). However, the subcellular interactions between hypoxic exposure and expression of p53 and HIF-1α remain unclear. To examine the role of p53 and HIF-1α expression on hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling, wild-type (WT) and p53 knockout (p53KO) mice were exposed to either normoxia or hypoxia for 8 wk. Following chronic hypoxia, both genotypes demonstrated elevated right ventricular pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy as measured by the ratio of the right ventricle to the left ventricle plus septum weights, and vascular remodeling. However, the right ventricular systolic pressures, the ratio of the right ventricle to the left ventricle plus septum weights, and the medial wall thickness of small vessels were significantly greater in the p53KO mice than in the WT mice. The p53KO mice had lower levels of p21 and miR34a expression, and higher levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and PDGF expression than WT mice following chronic hypoxic exposure. This was associated with a higher proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression of pulmonary artery in p53KO mice. We conclude that p53 plays a critical role in the mitigation of hypoxia-induced small pulmonary arterial remodeling. By interacting with p21 and HIF-1α, p53 may suppress hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodeling and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation under hypoxia.

Pulmonary lymphatic clearance of 99mTc-DTPA from air spaces during lung inflation and lung injury

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1136-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Peterson ◽  
L. D. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Induce Lung Injury ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right

A total of 22 sheep with lymphatic cannulas were used to determine if 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) clears directly from the air spaces of the lungs into the lymph vessels. Each sheep was anesthetized and ventilated with an aerosol of the DTPA for 2–5 min, and the DTPA activities in the lymph and plasma were measured every 15 min for 2 h. After the first 45 min, the average ratio of the DTPA in the lymph to that in the plasma (L/P) was 1.03 +/- 0.06 (SD) in the six control experiments and 1.11 +/- 0.05 in the six experiments in which the lungs were inflated with a positive end-expired pressure of 10 cmH2O throughout the study. Direct movement of the DTPA from the air spaces into the lymph was not necessary to account for the DTPA clearance in these experiments because the L/P ratio was not significantly different from 1.0. Eight additional sheep received intravenous infusions of air at 0.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 for 2 h to induce lung injury before depositing the DTPA. In these sheep L/P was 1.53 +/- 0.28, which was significantly higher than the value measured in the control group (P less than 0.01). We considered the possibility that the increased L/P ratio in these sheep could be due to alterations in the distribution of the blood flow to the tissue, but the L/P ratio in four sheep whose distribution of blood flow was altered by inflation of a balloon in the right pulmonary artery was 1.05 +/- 0.10, the same as the control value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression is increased in the right ventricular hypertrophy induced by chronic hypoxia in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Russell-Jones ◽  
R M Leach ◽  
J P T Ward ◽  
C R Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Right ◽  
Air Control

ABSTRACT Rats were maintained in chambers and breathed air (control, n=8) or an atmosphere containing 10% oxygen (hypoxic, n=10) for 35 days. On completion of the experiment the hypoxic animals weighed less than the controls (hypoxic, 290 ± 11.7g; control, 339 ± 19.2g; means ± S.E.M., p<0.05). No differences in the left ventricular weights were found between groups but the right ventricular weights were greater in the hypoxic rats (hypoxic, 0.39 ± 0.02g; control, 0.27 ± 0.08g; p<0.01). The amount of mRNA for IGF-I in the ventricles was quantified by Northern blot analysis. There was no difference between groups in IGF-I mRNA levels in the left ventricles (hypoxic, 1.07 ± 0.41 absorbance units (AU); control, 0.73 ± 0.33 AU). In the right ventricles, IGF-I mRNA was greater in hypoxic than in control rats (hypoxic, 2.37 ± 0.75 AU; control, 0.64 ± 0.11 AU; p<0.05). This study demonstrates that expression of IGF-I mRNA is increased in the hypertrophied right ventricle of hypoxic rats; IGF-I may play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of this process.

Correlation of Metabolic Risk Factors with Sessile Serrated Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Bataga ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
The Right

Background and Aims: The importance of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma has been recently established. These are supposed to cause the so-called “interval cancer”, having a rapidly progressive growth and being difficult to detect and to obtain an endoscopic complete resection. We aimed to establish the most important metabolic risk factors for sessile serrated lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study, on a series of 2918 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Târgu-Mureș, Romania between 1 st of January 2015-31 th of December 2017. In order to evaluate the metabolic risk factors for polyps’ development, enrolled participants were stratified in two groups, a study group, 33 patients with SSLs lesions, and a control group, 138 patients with adenomatous polyps, selected by systematic sampling for age and anatomical site. Independent variables investigated were: gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, nonalcoholic liver disease. Results: For SSLs the most common encountered localization was the right colon in 30.55% of cases. By comparative bivariate analysis between SSLs group and control group, it was observed that hypertension (p=0.03, OR 2.33, 95 %CI 1.03-5.24), obesity (p=0.03, OR 2.61, 95 %CI 1.08-6.30), hyperuricemia (p=0.04, OR 2.72, 95 %CI 1.28-7.55), high cholesterol (p=0.002, OR 3.42; 95 %CI 1.48-7.87), and high triglycerides level (p=0.0006, OR 5.75; 95 %CI 1.92-17.2) were statistically associated with SSLs development. By multivariate analysis hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia retained statistical significance. Conclusions: Our study showed that the highest prevalence of SSLs was in the right colon and hypertension and increased triglycerides levels were associated with the risk of SSLs development. These risk factors are easy to detect in clinical practice and may help identifying groups with high risk for colorectal cancer, where screening is recommended.

The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

EVALUATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS IN THE PREHYPERTENSIVES BY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Left Ventricular Morphology

Objective: Prehypertensive individuals are at increased risk for developing hypertension and their complication. Many studies show that 2/3 prehypertensive individuals develop hypertension after 4 years. ECG and echocardiography are the routine tests used to assess LV mass. The objective of the research to determine the percentage of change in left ventricular morphology in the ECG, echocardiography, which explore the characteristics of left ventricular structural changes by echocardiography in pre-hypertensive subjects. Materials and method: We studied a total of 50 prehypertensive, 30 males (60%) and 20 females (40%), mean age 48.20±8.47years. 50 normotensive volunteers as control participants. These subjects were examined for ECG and echocardiography. Results: In prehypertensive group, with 18% of left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram, 12% of left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography; in the control group, we did not find any subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the group with left ventricular hypertrophy, mostly eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (83.33%), concentric left ventricular hypertrophy is 16.67%. Restructuring of left ventricular concentric for 15.9% of subjects without left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography. Conclusion: There have been changed in left ventricular morphology even in prehypertensive

Early Predictive Biochemical, Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Markers for Cardiac Damage in Patients with Pulmonic Silicosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venera Cristina Dinescu ◽  
Ileana Puiu ◽  
Sorin Nicolae Dinescu ◽  
Diana Rodica Tudorascu ◽  
Elena Catalina Bica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Pulmonary Heart Disease ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease

The aim of this study was to identify correlations between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in patients with silicosis prior to the occurrence of chronic pulmonary heart disease. We conducted a prospective, descriptive, analytical study, in which we included a group of 67 patients consecutively admitted to the Health Promotion and Occupational Medicine Clinic between December 2016 and January 2018, aged 47 to 78 years.There was a biochemical and electrocardiographic evaluation for each patient as well as a right ventricle echocardiographic evaluation (diameters, volumes, function). A control group, including 25 patients with benign minor diseases that required a cardiologist consultation, was also used. From the electrocardiographic point of view, slight changes were observed regarding the waves of electrical activity of the right ventricle. Taking into account the degree of ventilatory dysfunction (depending on FEV1), changes in right heart echocardiographic parameters were identified. Thus, in what the most important right ventricular parameters, including the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) or the RV index of myocardial performance (RVMPI) were concerned, values at the upper limit of normality were recorded in most patients with moderate and severe ventilatory dysfunction. Values of echocardiographic parameters of the right heart at the upper limit of normality, correlated with the degree of ventilatory dysfunction, are early markers for cardiovascular damage in patients with pulmonary silicosis prior to the occurrence of chronic pulmonary heart disease also known ascor pulmonale.

Evaluation of Ovaries in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome using Shear Wave Elastography

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Aysegul Altunkeser ◽  
Zeynep Ozturk Inal ◽  
Nahide Baran
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
The Right

Background: Shear wave electrography (SWE) is a novel non-invasive imaging technique which demonstrate tissue elasticity. Recent research evaluating the elasticity properties of normal and pathological tissues emphasize the diagnostic importance of this technique. Aims: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic overgrowth, may cause infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elasticity of ovaries in patients with PCOS using SWE. Methods: 66 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria (PCOS = group I) and 72 patients with non-PCOS (Control = group II), were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Ovarian elasticity was assessed in all patients with SWE, and speed values were obtained from the ovaries. The elasticity of the ovaries was compared between the two groups. Results: While there were statistically significant differences between the groups in body mass index (BMI), right and left ovarian volumes, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels (p<0.05), no significant differences were found between groups I and II in the velocity (for the right ovary 3.89±1.81 vs. 2.93±0.72, p=0.301; for the left ovary 2.88±0.65 vs. 2.95±0.80, p=0.577) and elastography (for the right ovary 36.62±17.78 vs. 36.79±14.32, p=0.3952; for the left ovary 36.56±14.15 vs. 36.26±15.10, p=0.903) values, respectively. Conclusion: We could not obtain different velocity and elastography values from the ovaries of the patients with PCOS using SWE. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate this issue.

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