Characterization of Regional Aerosol Sources in Southern Africa Using a Combined Chemical and Isotopic Approach

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaycie Ann Billmark
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Aerosol Sources

scholarly journals Characterization of aerosol types over Lake Urmia Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Sanaz Moghim ◽  
Reyhaneh Ramezanpoor
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Lake Urmia ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Wind Circulation ◽  
Aerosol Sources ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Aerosol Types

Atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's climate, air quality, and thus human health. This study used the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent to cluster different particle types over the Lake Urmia Basin. This classification found desert dust and marine (mixed with continental or local-pollution aerosols) as two main aerosol types over the region, while their sources are not well defined. Although different air masses and wind circulation over the study domain in varied months can help to distinguish aerosol sources, measurements are crucial for a complete evaluation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Droughts in Humid Subtropical Region, Upper Kafue River Basin (Southern Africa)

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muumbe Lweendo ◽  
Baohong Lu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Hanwen Zhang ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Subtropical Region

Chemical composition and characterization of aerosols off Namibia: results from the AEROCLO-sA project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Formenti ◽  
Danitza Klopper ◽  
Servanne Chevaillier ◽  
Barbara D’Anna ◽  
Karine Desboeufs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Benguela Upwelling ◽  
Coastal Fog ◽  
Online Measurements

<p>The western coast of southern Africa off Namibia is characterized by a semi-permanent and widespread stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck, very frequent coastal fog, and the oceanic northern Benguela upwelling system (nBUS). It is also the crossroad of large quantities of natural and anthropogenic aerosols of distant and local origins (biogenic, anthropogenic, biomass burning, sea salt and mineral dust) from continental and marine sources, with significant differences in terms of physico-chemical and optical properties, water affinity, scale and height of transport, which are not well represented in climate models.</p><p>In this presentation we will illustrate the results of the first extensive chemical and microphysical characterisation of aerosol particles in the area that has been conducted since 2016 at  the coastal Henties Bay experimental site (22°6’ S, 14°17’ E) in the framework of the AErosol, RadiatiOn and CLOuds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) and the Atmospheric Research in the Southern Africa and Indian Ocean (ARSAIO) projects.</p><p>Synergetic filter sampling and online measurements provide examples of the numerous new particle formation in link with marine biogenic emissions and the apportionment of maritime sulfate aerosols, including their biogenic component.</p>

Size and chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosol and savanna fire samples in Southern Africa

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 186-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.D. Liu ◽  
S.P. Dong ◽  
P. Van Espen ◽  
F. Adams ◽  
J. Cafmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Characterization

scholarly journals Analysis of p67 allelic sequences reveals a subtype of allele type 1 unique to buffalo-derived Theileria parva parasites from southern Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubembe D. Mukolwe ◽  
David O. Odongo ◽  
Charles Byaruhanga ◽  
Louwtjie P. Snyman ◽  
Kgomotso P. Sibeko-Matjila
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
East Coast ◽  
East Coast Fever ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Allele Type

AbstractEast Coast fever (ECF) and Corridor disease (CD) caused by cattle- and buffalo-derived T. parva respectively are the most economically important tick-borne diseases of cattle in the affected African countries. The p67 gene has been evaluated as a recombinant subunit vaccine against East Coast fever (ECF), and for discrimination of T. parva parasites causing ECF and Corridor disease (CD). The p67 allele type 1 was first identified in cattle-derived T. parva parasites from east Africa, where parasites possessing this allele type have been associated with ECF. Subsequent characterization of buffalo-derived T. parva parasites from South Africa where ECF was eradicated, revealed the presence of a similar allele type, raising concerns as to whether or not allele type 1 from parasites from the two regions is identical. A 900 bp central fragment of the gene encoding p67 was PCR amplified from T. parva DNA extracted from blood collected from cattle and buffalo in South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, followed by DNA sequence analysis. Four p67 allele types previously described were identified. A subtype of p67 allele type 1 was identified in parasites from clinical cases of CD and buffalo from southern Africa. Notably, p67 allele type 1 sequences from parasites associated with ECF in East Africa and CD in Kenya were identical. Analysis of two p67 B-cell epitopes (TpM12 and AR22.7) revealed amino acid substitutions in allele type 1 from buffalo-derived T. parva parasites from southern Africa. However, both epitopes were conserved in allele type 1 from cattle- and buffalo-derived T. parva parasites from East Africa. These findings reveal detection of a subtype of p67 allele type 1 associated with T. parva parasites transmissible from buffalo to cattle in southern Africa.

Characterization of aerosol sources at urban and background sites in Lithuania

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Kvietkus ◽  
Jonas Šakalys ◽  
Inga Rimšelytė ◽  
Jurgita Ovadnevaitė ◽  
Vidmantas Remeikis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Sources

scholarly journals Generation and Characterization of a Bivalent HIV-1 Subtype C gp120 Protein Boost for Proof-of-Concept HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials in Southern Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0157391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Zambonelli ◽  
Antu K. Dey ◽  
Susan Hilt ◽  
Samuel Stephenson ◽  
Eden P. Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Gp120 Protein ◽  
Protein Boost ◽  
Hiv 1

CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON COMPOUNDS FROM URBAN AND RURAL AEROSOL SOURCES

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 987-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Weber ◽  
P. Hoffmann ◽  
J. Ensling ◽  
A.N. Dedik ◽  
S. Weinbruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Aerosol Sources

scholarly journals Use of Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (CanSNPs) to characterizeBacillus anthracisoutbreak strains in Zambia between 1990 and 2014

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Fasanella ◽  
Luigina Serrecchia ◽  
Alexandra Chiaverini ◽  
Giuliano Garofolo ◽  
Geoffrey M. Muuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Ancestral Origin

Anthrax caused byBacillus anthracisis an old and neglected zoonosis that continues to raise concerns in Southern Africa. In this study, twenty (20) slides with suspected isolates ofB. anthracisfrom anthrax cases between 1990 and 2014 and two (2) from that of a vaccine strain were analysed using MLVA with 15 VNTRs and CanSNPs test. The results from the CanSNPs indicate that all anthrax outbreaks in Zambia between 1990 and 2014 were caused by the lineage A.Br.005/006 of the clade A. This indicates a common ancestral origin of theB. anthraciscirculating in the country. This data has described several environmental, wildlife, livestock and human cases that occurred in a 24 year period, from the major areas where anthrax is endemic. The molecular characterization of isolates from anthrax outbreaks in Zambia has revealed a genetic structure in agreement with previous studies from neighbouring countries. Further studies are needed to elucidate how to better manage anthrax outbreaks and define the risk maps of Zambia.

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