scholarly journals Multiple cropping of maize and soya beans under a high level of crop management.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
W.C. Beets
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
High Level ◽  
Seed Yields

Intercropping maize with soyabeans in 6 different spatial arrangements reduced the grain/seed yields/unit area of both crops. Maize alone with optimal plant populations produced the maximum yield of grain and energy, whereas associations of maize and soyabeans produced maximum total fat, protein and methionine yields. Associations used the land more intensively and land equivalent ratios of all intercropping systems were higher than of monocultures of maize and soyabeans. Different ways of evaluating mixed cropping trials are discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Studies on mixtures of maize and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Willey ◽  
D. S. O. Osiru
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYTwo experiments are described in which the possible yield benefits of mixing maize and beans were examined under intensive farming conditions. A ‘replacement series’ of pure maize, two-thirds maize/one-third beans, one-third maize/two-thirds beans and pure beans was used at four plant populations. A high level of nitrogen was applied on the maize to eliminate the effects of nitrogen transfer from the beans.Yields of the mixtures were up to 38% higher than could be achieved by growing the crops separately. It is concluded that this occurred because the mixtures achieved a greater utilization of environmental resources; it is suggested that, because of the marked height differences of the two crops, an increased utilization of light was probably a major contributing factor. The need for high populations in mixtures is indicated, partly because the largest yield increases were achieved at high populations and partly because the mixtures required a higher population pressure to produce their maximum yield.The maize was found to have the higher relative competitive ability, and this increased with increase in plant population pressure. It is suggested that this was probably due to the shading effect which the maize had on the beans. The effects of a change in relative competitive abilities, or in relative selling prices, on the optimum proportion of two species in a mixture are also considered.

The influence of density and nitrogen in seed production stands of S 37 cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.)

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
High Level ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Area Percentage ◽  
Lower Plant

1. Seed production stands of S 37 cocksfoot were obtained with varying plant densities by utilizing two drill widths, removing sections of drill, or over-sowing drilled material. All density treatments were operative at two levels of N, 87 or 174 lb. N per acre per annum.2. Tillers in selected quadrats were labelled at monthly intervals during autumn and/or winter for 3 years. Performances of tiller populations were assessed from these quadrats.3. Seed yields were increased in many cases by reducing plant density from a continuous drill pattern. Increased plant density reduced yields. With plant communities on a 1 ft. square arrangement at the high level of nitrogen, an increase of 33%, or 243 lb. seed, per year over a 3-year period was obtained compared with continuous rows at any level of N. The yield of gapped stands increased over the 3-year period, whilst the yields of continuous rows dropped in the final year.4. Nitrogen significantly increased the yield of cocksfoot, except in the third year, by increasing the weight of seed per ear.5. Tiller numbers per quadrat increased in most treatments over the course of the experiment, both within years and from year to year; seasonal peaks of tillering were apparent. The effect of N on tiller numbers differed each year, presumably due to the state of the populations when the N was applied.6. Higher tiller numbers per plant were obtained with lower plant numbers per unit area. Percentage fertility of tillers was generally higher with lower plant densities, and lower tiller numbers per plant, other factors being equal. The only significant effect of N on fertility was to decrease it in the third year.

A PROSPECTS OF THE SUPER-INTENSIVE UNSUPPORTED GARDENS ESTABLISHMENT OF COLUMNAR APPLE TREE VARIETIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Янчук
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks

Columnar apple cultivars are optimally suited to lay apple tree plantings using intensive technology, which provides for super-dense placement of trees. The article considers a variant of growing columnar apple cultivars on inserts of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396. The use of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396 as intercalar inserts in the cultivation of columnar apple cultivars, along with good anchoring of plants, provides high precocity, productivity and economic efficiency of planting. All the costs of laying the orchard and annual works on agrotechnical care of the trees were paid off in the fourth year after planting.The economic and biological features of the columnar cultivars provided not only a quick return of the investments, but also a high level of profitability. The profitability of the studied columnar planting for the 6th year after planting (2020) on average for all cultivars was 106.0 % on the insert of the dwarf rootstock 62-396 and 104.7 % on the insert 3-17-38. The profit received on average for the plantings amounted to 2 378 661 rubles per ha. In the group of the studied cultivars, there is a difference in economic efficiency. The lowest level of productivity and profitability was in the Vostorg cultivar: on average, on two inserts, the yield in 2020 was 27.3 t/ha and the profitability was 66.6%. The Girlyanda cultivar was characterized by the maximum yield and profitability: 88.0 t/ha and 115.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals Can Agroforestry Farmers Attain Sustainability? Case of Farmers in Selected Upland Farming Communities in the Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Leila Dimayuga Landicho ◽  
Josefina T. Dizon ◽  
Agnes C. Rola ◽  
Maria Ana T. Quinbo ◽  
Rowena DT. Baconguis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Community Capitals ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
High Level

This article is based on the study which investigated the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions of the upland farming communities in the Philippines; identified the development pathways that were undertaken by the upland farmers; and determined level of sustainability of the upland farming communities on the basis of their development pathways. This article argues that agroforestry farmers in upland farming communities in the Philippines can attain sustainability. This argument is based on the study conducted in the three pilot upland communities of the Conservation Farming Villages program in Albay, Ifugao and Negros Oriental, Philippines. From seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with at least 12 participants per FGD for a total of 147 farmers, and farm household survey of 230 upland farmers, research results indicate that agroforestry farmers in the three study sites were smallholders and were cultivating in areas with marginal conditions. There were five development pathways identified. These are monocropping in contour, multiple cropping in contour, agroforestry, agroforestry with non-farm activities, and multiple cropping/monocropping without contour. With the community capitals framework as the theoretical foundation, analysis indicated that the five development pathways contributed to a high level of social, human and political capitals having mean scores of 0.73, 0.55 and 0.54, respectively; a moderate level of physical, financial and natural capital, with mean scores of 0.23, 0.20 and 0.23, respectively; and a very low level of cultural capital with mean score of -0.08. At the community level, on the other hand, research results revealed that the CFV sites in Ligao, Albay and La Libertad, Negros Oriental have almost similar contributions to the sustainability of the upland farming communities, while Alfonso Lista, Ifugao had the lowest. Thus, institutional arrangements with the farmers’ association and the local government units also played a key role in the sustainability of the upland farming communities. These results imply the need for a holistic and collaborative engagement towards attaining sustainable upland farming communities.

scholarly journals The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
E.V. Khardina ◽  
O.A. Krasnova ◽  
M.I. Vasilyeva ◽  
S.S. Vostrikova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
First Category ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.

SAFFIRE SAFFLOWER

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. MÜNDEL ◽  
H. C. HUANG ◽  
L. D. BURCH ◽  
F. KIEHN
Keyword(s):  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Head Rot ◽  
High Level ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The U.S

Saffire is the first Canadian cultivar of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). It has early maturity, with seed yields exceeding those of the U.S. cultivar S-208 by 10% and equal to those of the Montana-bred cultivar Hartman, and has a high level of resistance to sclerotinia head rot. The shiny whitish seed pericarp and low oil levels make Saffire suitable mainly for the birdseed market. Saffire is adapted to the drier southern regions of the prairie provinces.Key words: Carthamus tinctorius L., safflower, cultivar description

The influence of shading on seed yield in subterranean clover

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Collins ◽  
RC Rossiter ◽  
MA Ramas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Light Supply ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Agro Forestry

Swards of three strains of subterranean clover (Woogenellup, Clare and Seaton Park) were subjected to three shading treatments (30%, 55% and 100% of daylight) from the beginning of flowering onwards. For the 100% daylight (unshaded) treatment the incoming daily solar radiation averaged between 20 and 30 MJ/m2. In the unshaded treatment, seed yields for the three strains ranged from about 120 to almost 200 g/m2. These yields were invariably decreased by shading. Moreover the evidence indicated a curvilinear relationship between seed yield and light supply such that at 50% of daylight there was a reduction of rather more than 50% in seed yield. Shading mainly affected the number of inflorescences produced per unit area, although other components of seed yield were also affected adversely. Even late shading (towards the end of flowering) led to lower seed yield, partly associated with lower inflorescence numbers and partly with lower seed numbers per burr. The results are considered to have significance for clover regeneration in mixed clover/grass pastures and also in the cloveritree associations of agro-forestry.

Lodging studies in Lolium perenne grown for seed: 1. Seed yield and seed yield components

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite ◽  
A. Burbidge ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SummaryThe effects of lodging on the seed yield of S. 23 and S. 24 perennial ryegrass were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1973 to 1976. Natural lodging severely reduced seed yield in all years as a result of a decrease in the number of seeds per unit area. Controlled lodging at different stages of crop growth produced more variable results, indicating that lodging may affect both pollination and seed development. Disturbance of the crop during anthesis in order to aid pollination did not improve seed yields, possibly as a result of damage incurred.

Effects of Fertilizer and Clipping on protein in Leaves of Desert Grasses

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kathju ◽  
K. A. Shankarnarayan ◽  
A. N. Lahiri ◽  
S. P. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

SUMMARYThe effects of nitrogen fertilization and cutting intervals on extractable protein have been studied in three arid zone grasses, viz. Cenchrus setigerus, C. ciliaris and Lasiurus sindicus. Depending on the number of cuts and soil fertility status, maximum protein could be harvested from C. ciliaris followed by C. setigerus and L. sindicus. It is concluded that the maximum yield of leaf protein per unit area of land can be achieved with short intervals of cutting coupled with the application of nitrogenous fertilizer.

Yield-density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeded dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Density Relationship

There is relatively little agronomic information on solid-seeded production of dry bean in western Canada. Recommended seeding density for dry bean can depend on the growth habit of the plant, the yield–density relationship, percent emergence, seed cost and environment. The objective of this study was to determine the yield–density relationships in two determinate bush type cultivars of dry bean and the optimum plant population under solid-seeded production in Saskatchewan. CDC Camino, a late-season pinto bean and CDC Expresso, a medium-season-length black bean were the cultivars evaluated. In most sites, the yield-density relationship of the cultivars was asymptotic and an optimum plant density for maximum yield could not be determined. Camino generally required a lower plant population to reach a given yield than Expresso. Increasing plant population did not affect 1000-seed weight. Higher seeding rate did result in a greater number of seeds produced m-2, with Expresso having a greater increase in seed produced m-2 compared with Camino. Expresso was required to be at higher plant densities than Camino to maximize economic returns. This reflects the differences between cultivars in yield-density relationship and seed cost, as Camino has a heavier 1000-seed weight than Expresso. Saskatchewan bean growers wishing to maximize profit should target plant populations for Expresso and Camino of approximately 50 and 25 plants m-2, respectively. Key words: Saskatchewan, yield components, non-linear regression, seeding rate, narrow rows, solid-seeded

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