A PROSPECTS OF THE SUPER-INTENSIVE UNSUPPORTED GARDENS ESTABLISHMENT OF COLUMNAR APPLE TREE VARIETIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Янчук
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks

Columnar apple cultivars are optimally suited to lay apple tree plantings using intensive technology, which provides for super-dense placement of trees. The article considers a variant of growing columnar apple cultivars on inserts of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396. The use of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396 as intercalar inserts in the cultivation of columnar apple cultivars, along with good anchoring of plants, provides high precocity, productivity and economic efficiency of planting. All the costs of laying the orchard and annual works on agrotechnical care of the trees were paid off in the fourth year after planting.The economic and biological features of the columnar cultivars provided not only a quick return of the investments, but also a high level of profitability. The profitability of the studied columnar planting for the 6th year after planting (2020) on average for all cultivars was 106.0 % on the insert of the dwarf rootstock 62-396 and 104.7 % on the insert 3-17-38. The profit received on average for the plantings amounted to 2 378 661 rubles per ha. In the group of the studied cultivars, there is a difference in economic efficiency. The lowest level of productivity and profitability was in the Vostorg cultivar: on average, on two inserts, the yield in 2020 was 27.3 t/ha and the profitability was 66.6%. The Girlyanda cultivar was characterized by the maximum yield and profitability: 88.0 t/ha and 115.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of rootstock on apple tree bearing stability in a cooler climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Kviklys ◽  
Alina Čeidaitė ◽  
Juozas Lanauskas ◽  
Nobertas Uselis ◽  
Giedrė Samuolienė
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks

The effect of rootstock on apple yield, productivity and alternate bearing was investigated at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry during a six-year period in a full bearing orchard. Apple cultivars ‘Ligol’ and ‘Auksis’ grafted on M.26 semi-dwarf rootstock; M.9, B.396, P 66, P 67 and Pure 1 dwarf rootstocks; and P 59, P 22, P 61, P 62 and PB.4 super-dwarf rootstocks were tested. Rootstock had a significant effect on apple tree growth, average yield and cumulative yield efficiency. Alternate apple bearing did not depend on rootstock vigour. Constant correlations between bearing regularity, average yield and cumulative yield efficiency were not established and differed on a cultivar or rootstock level. On the average of both tested cultivars, a more regular apple yield was recorded on Pure 1, P 59 and B.396 rootstocks. A significantly higher alternate bearing index was established on P 67, P 62 and M.9 rootstocks.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phloretin and Other Phenolic Compounds from Apple Tree Leaves (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Comparison of Different Cultivars from Estonia

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Sana Ben-Othman ◽  
Hedi Kaldmäe ◽  
Reelika Rätsep ◽  
Uko Bleive ◽  
Alar Aluvee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Promising Source

Polyphenolic compounds, plant secondary metabolites essential for plant survival, are known for their high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, several polyphenols, such as phloretin, also have potential antiviral effects, making these compounds potential ingredients of biofunctional foods. A promising source for the extraction of phloretin is a by-product of apple production—apple tree leaves. Focusing on green technologies, the first aim of the present study was to optimize the direct ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to gain the maximum yield of phloretin from air-dried apple leaves. For the optimization of process parameters, we applied the response surface method with Box–Behnken design. The optimal extraction conditions were extraction time 14.4 min, sonication amplitude 10% and 10 g of sample per 100 mL solvent (70% ethanol, w/w). Using these conditions, we assessed the content of individual and total polyphenolic compounds along with antioxidant activity in the leaves of different autumn and winter apple cultivars grown in Estonia. The analyses were carried out with chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and spectrophotometric methods. The phloretin concentration ranged from 292 to 726 µg/g and antioxidant activity from 6.06 to 11.42 mg GA eq./g, these being the highest in the local winter cultivars ‘Paide taliõun’ and ‘Tellissaare’, respectively.

scholarly journals The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
E.V. Khardina ◽  
O.A. Krasnova ◽  
M.I. Vasilyeva ◽  
S.S. Vostrikova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
First Category ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.

Blockchain for Islamic Social Responsibility Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moutaz Abojeib ◽  
Farrukh Habib
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
High Level

Blockchain and smart contracts are forming new systems to record and manage businesses with less need for intermediaries. The new systems are expected to offer high level of governance with lower cost as compared to the traditional technologies. While there is a continuous effort to apply this innovative technology in several businesses, Islamic finance in general—and Islamic social finance in particular—are facing few challenges that could be solved by such innovations. Islamic social finance institutions such as waqf are facing some challenges in enhancing its governance structure to ensure Shariah compliance as well as economic efficiency. This chapter explains how blockchain and smart contract technologies can help these institutions for better governance, lower transaction cost, more transparency, and higher trust, hence enhancing the business flexibility and market accessibility. It also presents some related cases that are currently under development as an evidence for the practicality of these technologies in the Islamic social finance arena.

Blockchain for Islamic Social Responsibility Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1114-1128
Author(s):  
Moutaz Abojeib ◽  
Farrukh Habib
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
High Level

Blockchain and smart contracts are forming new systems to record and manage businesses with less need for intermediaries. The new systems are expected to offer high level of governance with lower cost as compared to the traditional technologies. While there is a continuous effort to apply this innovative technology in several businesses, Islamic finance in general—and Islamic social finance in particular—are facing few challenges that could be solved by such innovations. Islamic social finance institutions such as waqf are facing some challenges in enhancing its governance structure to ensure Shariah compliance as well as economic efficiency. This chapter explains how blockchain and smart contract technologies can help these institutions for better governance, lower transaction cost, more transparency, and higher trust, hence enhancing the business flexibility and market accessibility. It also presents some related cases that are currently under development as an evidence for the practicality of these technologies in the Islamic social finance arena.

scholarly journals Impact of Microtus arvalis and Lepus europaeus on apple trees by trunk bark gnawing

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Josef Suchomel ◽  
Jan Šipoš ◽  
Ladislav Čepelka ◽  
Marta Heroldová
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Bark Damage ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Common Voles

A unique evaluation of the apple tree trunk bark damage caused by common vole and European hare was presented. Damage was found in an apple orchard under organic farming, in Central Moravia (Czech Republic), at 700 m a.s.l. There were two cultivated apple cultivars Red Spring and Melodie/Angold. Damage occurred in winter with the snow cover lasting from December to February. In total 1 012 trees and 95.7% of trees were damaged. The cv. Red Spring was damaged more than cv. Melodie/Angold. Almost 90% of the dead trees were killed by common voles. While hares damaged both cultivars equally, voles damaged the cv. Red Spring to a significantly greater extent (P = 0.04). The study confirms the need of further research on the development of methodologies for orchard protection from damage caused by small mammals.

Studies on mixtures of maize and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Willey ◽  
D. S. O. Osiru
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYTwo experiments are described in which the possible yield benefits of mixing maize and beans were examined under intensive farming conditions. A ‘replacement series’ of pure maize, two-thirds maize/one-third beans, one-third maize/two-thirds beans and pure beans was used at four plant populations. A high level of nitrogen was applied on the maize to eliminate the effects of nitrogen transfer from the beans.Yields of the mixtures were up to 38% higher than could be achieved by growing the crops separately. It is concluded that this occurred because the mixtures achieved a greater utilization of environmental resources; it is suggested that, because of the marked height differences of the two crops, an increased utilization of light was probably a major contributing factor. The need for high populations in mixtures is indicated, partly because the largest yield increases were achieved at high populations and partly because the mixtures required a higher population pressure to produce their maximum yield.The maize was found to have the higher relative competitive ability, and this increased with increase in plant population pressure. It is suggested that this was probably due to the shading effect which the maize had on the beans. The effects of a change in relative competitive abilities, or in relative selling prices, on the optimum proportion of two species in a mixture are also considered.

Method of Slab Size Design Based on Maximum Yield Rate of Plates

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 942-945
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhong Song ◽  
Li Min Shen ◽  
Qing Da Zhang ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Yi Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Yield Rate

To improve the yield rate of steel plates, a method of slab size design is proposed based on maximum yield rate of plates. It includes material transformations algorithm and optimization of slab selection. Many factors are considered in the model covering the equipment capacity, spread rate, compression rate, burning loss and cutting loss. Initially, all possible types of slabs are obtained through material transformations algorithm after the order input. This allows the eventual determination of the slabs of the largest yield rate through the optimization of slab selection. The experiments prove that the model can reduce a number of materials and lessen the pressure of the inventory. An effective increase of plate yield can be expected to improve the economic efficiency of enterprise.

scholarly journals Ways to Improve Land Use Efficiency Managing Private Agricultural Activities

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Land Use Efficiency

Purpose of the research is to study the agroecological efficiency of silicon-potassium foliar feeding of vegetables amid the mineral and organic fertilization systems on the example of tomato and sweet pepper. Methods. Field, chemical analysis, statistical. Results. The content of chemical elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the soil in each of the experimental variants did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. The crop yield for 2016-2018 showed a significant increase in tomato and sweet pepper yields amid the organic fertilizers and double silicon-potassium foliar feeding. In 2016, the maximum yield increase in this variant is 13.2 t/ha for tomatoes and 5.2 t/ha for sweet pepper; in 2017 11,1 t/ha for tomatoes and 7,8 t/ha for sweet pepper; in 2018 13,8 t/ha for tomatoes and 7,8 t/ha for sweet pepper. An analysis of the quality of tomato and sweet pepper yields in 2016-2018 showed that in any of the samples, the content of heavy metals does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. The estimation of economic efficiency of yield for the period of 2016-2018 showed that each of the agro-applications (double silicon-potassium foliar feeding; mineral fertilizers N60P40K60; N60P40K60 application supplemented by double silicon-potassium foliar feeding; introduction of semi-perforated manure of 30 t/ha; introduction of semi-perforated manure of 30 t/ha supplemented by double silicon-potassium foliar feeding) has a positive economic efficiency indicator compared to the control plot. The highest level of economic efficiency for tomatoes and sweet pepper on the average for three years of the experiment was obtained on the experimental site with the introduction of semi-perforated manure of 30 t/ha supplemented by double silicon-potassium foliar feeding. Conclusions. It was established that double foliar feeding amid the mineral and organic fertilization systems is an effective method to increase the efficiency of land use in the management of personal peasant farming. The result of this method application is quality and safe products.

scholarly journals Methods of multi-criteria evaluation of economic efficiency of investment projects

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Oksana Isai ◽  
Olha Romashko ◽  
Andriy Semenov ◽  
Tetiana Sazonova ◽  
Ivanna Podik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Investment Option ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
High Level

In the context of globalization and fierce competition in world markets, the high level of investment activity in the country is a key to economic and innovative development. The high level of wear and tear of fixed assets in developing countries gives special relevance to solving the problem of attracting investments for production development. Hence, for the investment management system choosing an optimal variant among several available investment projects is one of the most responsible stages of ensuring the stable operation and sustainable development of an enterprise. In this regard, the aim of the article is to develop a comprehensive multi-criteria approach to choose the best investment option. The article analyzes the existing methodological approaches to assess the economic efficiency of the investment projects, identifies their advantages and disadvantages. A multi-criteria method of investment project evaluation is proposed, which is characterized by the absence of restrictions on the number of individual evaluation indicators and the possibility for the investor to determine the significance of every indicator using weights independently. The use of the proposed methodology by enterprises will improve the quality of management decisions at the stage of choosing the optimal investment option.

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