scholarly journals Broiler growth response from practical low-protein diets supplemented with urea and diammonium hydrogen phosphate.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
A.R. El Boushy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen ◽  
Finisher Diets ◽  
Effect On Growth

In an experiment with 480 Hybro chickens initially 1 day old, 6 starter diets were given to appetite for the first 4 weeks: (A) 23.5% crude protein, rich in essential amino acids; (B) 20.6% crude protein, containing essential amino acids to meet requirements; (C) B + 1% urea; (D) B + 0.5% urea; (E) B + 2.2% diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP); (F) B + 1% DAP. The finisher diets were: (A) 20% crude protein; (B) 18% crude protein with essential amino acids to meet requirements; (C) B + 0.7% urea; (D) B + 0.35% urea; (E) B + 1.5% DAP; (F) B + 0.75% DAP. Adding 1% urea or 2.2% DAP to the starter diets decreased growth and feed conversion significantly, whereas 0.5% urea or 1.1% DAP had no significant effect on growth and feed conversion, compared with control A. Adding 0.7 or 0.35% urea to the finisher diets decreased growth and feed conversion compared with diet A. Whereas the diet containing 0.75% DAP gave better results than that containing 1.5% DAP, there was no significant effect on growth, compared with group A. At 7 weeks of age, low concentrations of urea or DAP did not produce results that differed significantly from control diet B as far as feed conversion was concerned, but they were not comparable to control diet A. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Comparative feeding value of expeller-processed undecorticated and decorticated cottonseed cakes for growing chicks

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Sharma ◽  
G. N. Lodhi ◽  
J. S. Ichhponani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Finisher Diets ◽  
Effect On Growth

SummaryExperiments were made to evaluate the feeding value of undecorticated (UCS) and decorticated (DCS) cottonseed cakes and defatted DCS for egg-type starter, broiler starter and finisher diets for chicks. The results showed that UCS on average contained 22% crude protein, 0·06% free- and 0·33% bound-gossypol and 4·9% available carbohydrate. The corresponding values for DCS were 38, 0·04, 0·63 and 9·5%, respectively. Average metabolizable energy (ME) content of UCS, DCS and defatted DCS was 7·94, 11·77 and 9·42 MJ/kg, respectively. Apparent protein digestibilities of UCS, DCS and defatted DCS were 42, 47 and 36%, respectively. Although UCS had no effect on growth rate of egg-type and meat-type chicks when fed as 15% of the diet, feed conversion was adversely affected. Feeding DCS to broiler starter and finisher chicks as 30% of the diet, replacing groundnut cake (GN) had no effect on growth rate and efficiency of protein utilization but feed conversion was affected. The chicks of either breed were able to tolerate 0·02% free-gossypol of the diet derived from UCS or DCS without any adverse effect on growth rate and internal organs.

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT VALUE OF POULTRY VISCERAL OFFAL MEAL IN THE DIET OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
S. O. O. Oyewole ◽  
R. I. Salami
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Finisher Diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the replacement value of poultry visceral offal meal (PVOM) substituting for fish meal (FM) on an equal protein basis in the diets of unsexed Ross-strain broiler chickens from day-old to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and fifty birds were allotted in groups of 10 into 15 equidimensional floor pens with floor space of 0.189m2 per bird. There were three replicates per treatment diet, with 10 birds per pen serving as a replicate. Five treatment diets, each for the starter and finisher phases of 5 and 3-week duration respectively were fed ad libitum. Diet A (control) contained 8% FM which was gradually replaced with PVOM at 2,3,4,6,6,90 and 9.20% in diets B, C, D and E respectively for both phases. All the diets were isocaloric (ca 12MJ   ME/kg) for both phases and isonitrogenous with 23 and 20% dietary crude protein contents for the starter and finisher diets respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion rations (FCR) were similar (P >0.05) on all diets in support of complete substitution. However , weight gain for 8 weeks on the control diet was better (P <0.05) than those on FM/PVOM- and PVOM-diets whose weight gains were similar (P < 0.05). The mean feed intake values of 4.031, 3.936, 3.760, 3.870 and 3.715 kg/bird were obtained for birds receiving diets A,B,C,D and E respectively while the equivalent FCRs were 2.326, 2.352, 2.233, 2.326 and 2.340. The mean weight gains for birds on diets A,B,C,D and E for 8weeks were 1.824, 1.688, 1.689, 1.676 and 1.590 kg/bird respectively. The dressed weight and weight of back, drumsticks, things and wings were similar (P >0.05) for all diets in favour of complete substitution of FM with PVOM. Mean dressing percentages were 58.24 to 69.07% . It is concluded that PVOM could replace FM completely in broiler diets.   

Effect of reduced dietary crude protein and supplemental limiting amino acids on the growth and carcass characteristics of Swarnadhara chicks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena C. Joseph ◽  
Jayanaik T. Munegowda ◽  
Chandrapal . ◽  
K. Singh ◽  
V. Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

A six-week trial was conducted to determine the effect of lowering dietary crude protein levels with supplementation of limiting amino acid on growth performance, and carcass characteristics in one of the Indian improved crossbred Swarnadhara chicks in a completely randomized design having five treatments and four replications of 20 birds in each. Five isocaloric (2800 ME Kcal//kg) experimental diets based on corn-soy bean meal were formulated in a gradual crude protein decline from 21 % (control T1) to 19% by 0.5% interval. The levels of limiting amino acids namely methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan were met as that of control (T1) by adding synthetic preparations. Highest body weight was recorded in 2% crude protein reduced group (T5) which was comparable with control (T1). However, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio of different treatments were not significantly different. Moreover, carcass parameters like dressing percentage, breast meat yield, liver and heart weights remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. Relative gizzard weight and abdominal fat weights showed variations and lower dietary protein diets were comparable with control diet (T1). In summary, crude protein content of Swarnadhara chick diet can be reduced to 19% with essential AA fortification without any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics during 0-6 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Supplementing diets for broilers that are low in crude protein and amino acids with protease

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
S. Sarica ◽  
S. Yurtseven ◽  
I. Polat
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protease Enzyme

The study evaluated supplementation of broiler diets with a protease enzyme. Six hundred Ross 308 female broiler chicks were acquired at one day of age and randomly distributed to three treatments with five replicates of 40 chicks each. The experimental treatements consisted of i) a positive control diet with normal levels of crude protein, digestible lysine and digestible sulphur containing amino acids (PC); ii) a negative diet with reduced levels of crude protein, digestible lysine and digestible sulphur containg amino acids (NC); and iii) the NC diet augmented with Ronozyme ProAct protease at 200 mg/kg (NC+ENZY). Compared to the other diets, feeding the PC produced the highest final bodyweight (BW), bodyweight gain (BWG), and feed intake (FI) and best feed conversion ratio (FCR) over 0 - 42 days. The PC diet also produced the highest hot and cold carcass yields, ileal protein digestibility and improved the serum biochemistry parameters. Relative to the NC, the NC+ENZY diet increased BW, BWG and FI, improved FCR, increased ileal protein digestibility, hot and cold carcass yields, and the crude protein content of meat. However, it decreased serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels and the crude fat content of meat of broilers. As a result, protease supplementation at the level of 200 mg/kg may not remove the detrimental effects that are caused by a 6% reduction in crude protein and digestible amino acids on performance, hot and cold carcass yields and ileal digestibility of crude protein of broilers. Keywords: broiler, growth performance, low crude protein diet, meat, nutrient digestibility, protease, serum biochemistry parameters

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF A BLEND OF DIETARY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH, ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, AND INTESTINAL HISTOLOGY OF BLUE DISCUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e599
Author(s):  
Rudã Fernandes Brandão SANTOS SANTOS ◽  
Mayara Schueroff SIQUEIRA ◽  
Ryuller Gama Abreu REIS ◽  
Weliton Vilhalba SILVA ◽  
Henrique Momo ZIEMNICZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Liver Changes ◽  
High Level

Symphysodon aequifasciatus is a fish with a disk-shaped body and bright colors, important characteristics of ornamental fish. We evaluated amino acid supplementation strategies to reduce crude protein in the diet for evaluation of performance, the content of digestive enzymes, liver metabolism, and intestinal histopathology. A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 separate 50 L glass aquariums, consisting of a completely randomized design with four treatments (DC - Control diet with 34.4% crude protein; DL - Control diet plus 1% of lysine; DEAA - Control diet plus 1% free essential amino acids (threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, arginine, and tryptophan); and DHP - Diet with a high level of crude protein 48.4%), three repetitions, lasting 60 days. The use of DL and DEAA diets resulted in higher intestinal villus height and higher zootechnical performance. The use of DL diet increased alkaline phosphatase and digestive amylase activity. The use of DHP diets promotes severe liver changes due to increased activity of Alanine aminotraserase. Therefore, it was possible to observe that the use of amino acids can supply the nutritional need of blue discus. Supplementation of diets with AAs allows the reduction of dietary protein, which is a strategy for feeding management.

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

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