scholarly journals Some factors affecting silage fermentation. 1. Influence of laceration and storage temperature.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
G.W. Wieringa

In laboratory-scale ensiling experiments [See Abs. 602] it was shown that lactic-acid bacteria developed more rapidly in silage made from crushed grass than in silage made from grass chopped into 5-cm. lengths. In further experiments using grass of high-protein and low dry-matter content, crushed and ensiled at 20 or 30 degrees C., or uncrushed grass ensiled at 30 degrees G. with 1, 2, 3 or 4% of added molasses, good silage was produced only where 4% molasses or the lower temperature was used. Butyric-acid bacteria developed best at the higher temperature.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
RS Tanny ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
S Akhter ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MAK Azad ◽  
...  

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of salt and storage temperature on the physico-chemical properties of meatball. For this purpose meatball samples were divided into two parts; one is called fresh meatball and another is preserved meatball at different temperatures. Then the fresh samples as well as the preserved samples were divided into four subdivisions. Then these are treated with different salt levels (0, 1.5, 3 and 5% salt level).These Samples were stored at 4oC and -20oC temperature. Samples preserved at 4oC were stored in the refrigerator for 21 days and were analyzed on 7th day, 14th day and 21st day and samples preserved at -20oCwere stored in the refrigerator for 60 days and were analyzed on 15th day, 30th day, 45th day and 60thday. Dry matter content of all the samples increased with the advancement of storage time, temperature and salt concentration. Ash value decreased with the increase of storage time. Fat value of all the samples decreased with the advancement of salt concentration, storage time and temperature. pH value of all the samples decreased with the increasing of salt concentration, storage time and temperature. Cooking loss of all the samples increased with increasing of salt concentration but decreased with increasing of storage time and temperature. Dry matter in fresh sample were less than in preserved samples. CP % of fresh beef meatball was 22.31, 20.55, 14.55 and 20.13 at different salt concentration. The values of CP, DM, Ash and Fat also varied among the samples significantly (P<0.01). Beef meatball can be refrigerated for 60 days in different techniques with more or less difference in the quality. Highly significant differences are observed in preserved samples than in fresh samples at different salt levels. Fresh beef meatball treated with 1.5% salt found to be more acceptable in terms of sensory evaluation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19117 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 137 - 147, 2013


2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward

The efficient production and utilisation of home-grown feed is considered one of the key factors that underpins the profitability of dairy systems in southern Australia. The use of winter forage cereals for grazing and silage provides an opportunity to achieve high dry matter yields over the winter and spring period. However, questions remain on the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage and its subsequent use as a production feed in livestock systems. This experiment examined the nutritive characteristics of winter wheat, triticale, forage peas and bi-crops of cereals and peas sown at different proportions, cut for silage at the soft dough growth stage of the cereals and their subsequent silage nutritive characteristics and fermentation patterns when ensiled with and without bacterial inoculant additives over 2 consecutive years. The estimated metabolisable energy (ME) (Year 1) and crude protein (CP) (Years 1 and 2) concentrations of the forage pea before and after ensiling were higher (P < 0.05) than all other forages in both years. The cereal–pea mixes had similar estimated ME values to the cereal monocultures both before harvesting and as silage, although there were significant improvements in CP concentration at the higher rates of pea inclusion. All resultant silages were well fermented as indicated by low pH, low proportions of total N as ammonia-N and high lactic acid concentrations. There were marked differences in the proportions of lactic acid and acetic acid in the pea silages between years and this is likely a result of dry matter content differences at ensiling. There was no effect of silage additives on resultant silage nutritive characteristics or fermentation parameters indicating that well fermented silage can be achieved without the additional cost of using a silage additive. This study has indicated that forage peas can be ensiled with winter cereals and produce silages that have higher CP concentrations than cereal silage but with similar fermentation parameters. Furthermore, this experiment has highlighted the potential of growing a monoculture of forage peas for ensiling with the resulting silage having higher estimated ME and CP concentrations.


Author(s):  
O.R. Davletbaeva ◽  
M.G. Ibragimbekov ◽  
A.N. Khovrin

Представлена оценка сохранности сортов, гибридов и новых гибридных комбинаций лука репчатого выращенного в однолетней культуре в условиях Московской области. Лежкость селекционных образцов лука оценивали в период зимнего хранения, учитывали убыль массы, число усохших, пораженных и проросших луковиц. По количеству сохранившихся луковиц и динамике этих показателей оценивали сохранность образцов. Сохранность лука репчатого зависит еще от пригодности данного сорта или гибрида к длительному хранению и его вызревания. Полное вызревание лука характеризуется наличием сухих кроющих чешуй, усыханием листьев и шейки, высоким содержанием сахарозы и моносахаров. Такой лук хранится дольше и меньше поражается болезнями. Один из важных способов сокращения потерь лука репчатого при хранении является соблюдение низкотемпературного режима и соответствующей влажности воздуха. Для лучшей сохранности лука поддерживали температуру в хранилище около 12 С, относительной влажностью воздуха в пределах 75-80. Для этого лук закладывали в хранилище с оборудованными холодильными установками, автоматически регулирующими температуру, влажность и циркуляцию воздуха. Большинство образцов имели сохранность от 28,3 до 71,1, что составило более половины 69,2 изучаемых образцов. Самый низкий показатель сохранности имел образец 652/17 F1 (ШетAN 158 I3) и составил 28,3, также данный образец имел 42,3 проросших луковиц. Лучшую сохранность 95 и 94,6 показали образцы зарубежной селекции F1 Сантеро и F1 Премито (стандарт), при содержании сухого вещества 10,9 и 10,8 соответственно. Также хорошую сохранность среди гибридных комбинаций показал образец 652/2 F1 (Шет Поло I3) 85 с содержанием сухого вещества 10,2, уступив отечественному сорту Форвард (стандарт) на 1,8.An assessment of the safety of cultivars, hybrids and new hybrid combinations of onion grown in an annual culture in the Moscow region is presented. The yield of selected onion samples was evaluated during winter storage, taking into account the loss of weight, the number of dried, affected and sprouted bulbs. The number of preserved bulbs and the dynamics of these indicators were used to assess the safety of samples. The safety of onions depends on the suitability of this variety or hybrid for long-term storage and its aging. Full maturation of onions is characterized by the presence of dry covering scales, drying of leaves and neck, high content of sucrose and monosaccharides. This onion is stored longer and less affected by diseases. One of the important ways to reduce the loss of onions during storage is to observe a low-temperature regime and appropriate humidity. For better preservation of onions, the storage temperature was maintained at about 1-2 C, with a relative humidity of 75-80. To do this, the onion was placed in a storage with equipped refrigeration units that automatically regulate temperature, humidity and air circulation. The majority of samples had a safety of 28.3 to 71.1, which was more than half-69.2 of the studied samples. The lowest preservation rate was for the 652/17 F1 sample (ShetAN 158 I3) and was 28.3, and this sample also had 42.3 sprouted bulbs. The best preservation of 95 and 94.6 were shown by samples of foreign selection F1 Santero and F1 Premito (standard), with a dry matter content of 10.9 and 10.8, respectively. Also, the 652/2 F1 (Shet Polo I3) sample showed good preservation among hybrid combinations 85 with a dry matter content of 10.2, losing to the domestic Forvard (standard) cultivar by 1.8.


1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605
Author(s):  
M. Undi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of DM content at baling on the pattern of forage constituent change and on DM and nutrient losses during storage. Alfalfa forage, baled at 64.1–66.2, 71.9–73.2 and 75.4–77.4% DM, was designated Low, Medium, and High DM treatments, respectively. Hay generated from each treatment was stored in a pole structure as two 74-bale stacks per treatment, using a bale wagon. Core samples were collected from bales on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 60 of storage. Bale temperature was monitored for eight bales per treatment daily for the first 35 d of storage and then on days 45, 50, and 60. Peak storage temperature reached was influenced (P < 0.05) by forage DM at baling; the highest peak temperature being associated with Low DM hay. DM losses also were higher (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay relative to either Medium or High DM hays, averaging 10.1, 4.5, and 3.0%, respectively. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), and glucosamine contents increased in all forage treatments during storage; the extent of increase was more (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay than in High DM hay. Cellulose, lignin and crude protein (CP) concentrations followed a similar pattern during storage for hay baled and stored at the three DM contents. Soluble carbohydrate content loss was higher (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay relative to High DM hay. Forage DM content at baling will influence stack temperatures and extent of nutrient change during storage. Most changes m constituents of low DM hay occurred within the first 14 d of storage, a period within which peak temperatures were recorded in all forages. The study also showed that alfalfa forage can be stored at a DM content of 76% with minimal nutrient change and loss, which is lower than normally recommended. Key words: Alfalfa hay, storage, nutrients, DM contents, temperature


1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kenney ◽  
JL Black ◽  
WF Colebrook

The effects of dry matter content and particle length of forage on potential intake rate and preference by sheep were investigated using six animals held in metabolism cages. In experiment 1, freshly harvested kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) in its vegetative state was mixed in different proportions with similar material that had been oven-dried to form 15 diets ranging in dry matter content from 15 to 94%. Intake rate of wet matter decreased from 60 to 14 g/min as dry matter content increased, whereas the intake rate of dry matter increased from 9 to 14 g/min as the dry matter content of forage rose to about 40% but remained relatively constant thereafter. In experiment 2, undried kikuyu grass was eaten faster and formed a greater proportion of total intake than did dried kikuyu when expressed on a wet matter basis, but the amount of dry matter consumed from each forage was similar when they were offered together in separate containers. Kikuyu chopped to 10-mm length was eaten faster and was also preferred over kikuyu cut to 40 mm, irrespective of its dry matter content. Factors other than intake rate such as taste, odour or feel did not contribute markedly to the preference for either undried or dried kikuyu. Equations developed previously using results from dried forages predicted preference from intake rate quite well for dried forage but not for undried forage. It is suggested that the intake rate of dried forages may be a useful predictor of the preference for dry matter with forages containing any proportion of moisture, but further research is needed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
A Bogdanova ◽  
A Payuta ◽  
A Alekseev ◽  
A Konovalov

Abstract The study is aimed at studying the effect of a microbiological preparation consisting of lactic acid bacteria, thermophilic streptococci and cellulolytic bacteria on the quality of alfalfa silage with different dry matter content. Determined pH, content of organic acids, dry matter and nutrients, including carbohydrates. Inoculant application increased crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber and reduced water-soluble carbohydrates in silage. The preservation of nutrients in the test samples was higher than that of the control. pH corresponded to optimal values; however, lactic acid fermentation proceeded more intensively in the sample with an increased dry matter content.


2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ziaei ◽  
J.H. Guy ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
P.J. Blanchard ◽  
J. Ward ◽  
...  

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