scholarly journals Experimental data from the Braunschweig FACE studies on wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 in combination with nitrogen supply or infrared warming during grain filling.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Remy Manderscheid ◽  
Markus Dier ◽  
Martin Erbs ◽  
Adam Luig ◽  
Elisabeth Oldenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Supply

This data paper contains data from a FACE experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, c.v. Batis)  carried out over two years at Braunschweig, Germany. The experimental variants included firstly a study on the interaction of two levels of CO2 (393, 600 ppm) and three levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (ca. 40, 190 and 320 kg N ha-1) and secondly a study on the interaction of these CO2 treatments and three levels of infrared warming during grain filling (ambient, ca. +1.5°C and +3°C). In the second study N supply was only ca. 190 kg N ha-1. The datasets of the two studies assembled herein contain data on weather, management, soil condition, soil moisture, phenology, dry weights and N concentrations of the plant (leaves, stems ears), green area index, stem reserves, final grain yield and yield components as well as canopy temperatures (this only applies to the second study). Most of the experimental findings have already been published in scientific journals. Data provided herein are suited to validate the interaction of elevated CO2 concentration and either N supply or high temperature during grain filling in wheat growth models.

scholarly journals Differential Growth Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Elevated CO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza ESHGHIZADEH ◽  
Morteza ZAHEDI ◽  
Samaneh MOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Intraspecific variations in wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 was evaluated using 20 Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The plants were grown in the modified Hoagland nutrient solution at a greenhouse until 35 days of age using two levels of CO2 (~380 and 700 µmol mol–1). The shoot and root dry weights of the wheat cultivars exhibited average enhancements of 17% and 36%, respectively, under elevated CO2. This increase was associated with higher levels of chlorophyll a (25%), chlorophyll b (21%), carotenoid (30%), leaf area (54%) and plant height (49.9%). The leaf area (r = 0.69**), shoot N content (r = 0.62**), plant height (r = 0.60**) and root volume (r = 0.53*) were found to have important roles in dry matter accumulation of tested wheat cultivars under elevated CO2 concentration. However, responses to elevated CO2 were considerably cultivar-dependent. Based on the stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), the wheat cultivars exhibiting the best response to elevated CO2 content were ‘Sistan’, ‘Navid’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Sepahan’ and ‘Bahar’, while the ones with poor responses were ‘Omid’, ‘Marun’, ‘Sorkhtokhm’ and ‘Tajan’. The findings from the present experiment showed significant variation among the Iranian wheat cultivars in terms of their responses to elevated air CO2, providing the opportunity to select the most efficient ones for breeding purposes.

scholarly journals Variation of 13C and 15N enrichments in different plant components of labeled winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7738
Author(s):  
Zhaoan Sun ◽  
Shuxia Wu ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Information on the homogeneity and distribution of 13carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) labeling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is limited. We conducted a dual labeling experiment to evaluate the variability of 13C and 15N enrichment in aboveground parts of labeled winter wheat plants. Labeling with 13C and 15N was performed on non-nitrogen fertilized (−N) and nitrogen fertilized (+N, 250 kg N ha−1) plants at the elongation and grain filling stages. Aboveground parts of wheat were destructively sampled at 28 days after labeling. As winter wheat growth progressed, δ13C values of wheat ears increased significantly, whereas those of leaves and stems decreased significantly. At the elongation stage, N addition tended to reduce the aboveground δ13C values through dilution of C uptake. At the two stages, upper (newly developed) leaves were more highly enriched with 13C compared with that of lower (aged) leaves. Variability between individual wheat plants and among pots at the grain filling stage was smaller than that at the elongation stage, especially for the −N treatment. Compared with those of 13C labeling, differences in 15N excess between aboveground components (leaves and stems) under 15N labeling conditions were much smaller. We conclude that non-N fertilization and labeling at the grain filling stage may produce more uniformly 13C-labeled wheat materials, whereas the materials were more highly 13C-enriched at the elongation stage, although the δ13C values were more variable. The 15N-enriched straw tissues via urea fertilization were more uniformly labeled at the grain filling stage compared with that at the elongation stage.

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic acclimation and productivity of two potato cultivars grown in open-top chambers

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad H.C.M. Schapendonk ◽  
Marcel van Oijen ◽  
Paul Dijkstra ◽  
C. Sander Pot ◽  
Wilco J.R.M. Jordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Open Top Chambers ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

In two subsequent years, an early maturing potato cultivar with low leaf area index (LAI) and a late cultivar with high LAI were grown at concentrations of 350 and 700 L CO2 L–1 in open-top chambers. The average increase of tuber dry matter yield by elevated CO2 was 27% in 1995 and 49% in 1996. During the first weeks after planting, elevated CO2 stimulated the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Amax) of both cultivars by 80%. However, Amax under elevated CO2 declined to the level of the low-CO2 treatment in the course of the growing season. In 1995 this convergence due to acclimation of photosynthesis was completed within 6 weeks, but in 1996, acclimation proceeded until the end of the growing season. Photosynthetic acclimation was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco content, and was correlated more closely with accumulation of sucrose than of starch. From fluorescence measurements it was concluded that, in contrast to the carboxylation efficiency, the efficiency of photosynthetic reactions centers was not affected by acclimation to elevated CO2. The faster photosynthetic acclimation in 1995 coincided with overall lower values of Amax, crop growth rate and growth response to elevated CO2. It is shown that the indeterminate growth pattern of potato with its large sink capacity does not preclude acclimation. The effect of acclimation on yield was quantified by computer simulations. The simulated results indicated that photosynthetic acclimation reduced the positive effect of elevated CO2 on tuber yield by 50%.

Harvest index combined with impaired N availability constrains the responsiveness of durum wheat to elevated CO2 concentration and terminal water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Alvaro Sanz-Sáez ◽  
Amadeo Urdiain ◽  
Jose L. Araus ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration

Despite its relevance, few studies to date have analysed the role of harvest index (HI) in the responsiveness of wheat (Triticum spp.) to elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) under limited water availability. The goal of the present work was to characterise the role of HI in the physiological responsiveness of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) exposed to elevated [CO2] and terminal (i.e. during grain filling) water stress. For this purpose, the performance of wheat plants with high versus low HI (cvv. Sula and Blanqueta, respectively) was assessed under elevated [CO2] (700 μmol mol–1 vs 400 μmol mol–1 CO2) and terminal water stress (imposed after ear emergence) in CO2 greenhouses. Leaf carbohydrate build-up combined with limitations in CO2 diffusion (in droughted plants) limited the responsiveness to elevated [CO2] in both cultivars. Elevated [CO2] only increased wheat yield in fully watered Sula plants, where its larger HI prevented an elevated accumulation of total nonstructural carbohydrates. It is likely that the putative shortened grain filling period in plants exposed to water stress also limited the responsiveness of plants to elevated [CO2]. In summary, our study showed that even under optimal water availability conditions, only plants with a high HI responded to elevated [CO2] with increased plant growth, and that terminal drought constrained the responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated [CO2].

scholarly journals Growth responses of light demanding and shade tolerant peat swamp forest saplings to elevated CO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
M.N.L. Wahidah ◽  
◽  
M.S. Nizam ◽  
C.M.Z. Che Radziah ◽  
W.A. Wan Juliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2

Aim: To determine the growth responses of two peat swamp forest species, Shorea platycarpa, a shade-tolerant slow-growing species and Macaranga pruinosa, a light-demanding fast-growing species under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Methodology: The saplings of both species were grown in a shade house at ambient (400±50 µmol mol-1) and in an open roof ventilation greenhouse at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration 800±50 µmol mol-1 for seven months. The temperature in both environments ranged between 25-33°C with 55–60% sunlight transmittance and the saplings were thoroughly watered twice a day. Plants growth measurements were estimated at frequent intervals. Saplings biomass characteristics were examined using destructive methods after seven months of treatment and non-destructive method was used for determination of leaf area. Results: Elevated CO2 enhanced all the growth characteristics in M. pruinosa with a significant increase was observed particularly on both height and diameter relative growth rate and biomass characteristics. The height relative growth rate and leaf area were significantly reduced under elevated CO2 in S. platycarpa but did not affect the shoot or root diameter and biomass significantly. A positive correlation (r =0.77, p>0.05) between stem biomass and basal diameter for plants under elevated CO2 was recorded for M. pruinosa, but not in S. platycarpa. Both species showed negative correlation (S. platycarpa; r = -0.53, M. pruinosa; r = -0.46, p>0.05) between stem growth and stem biomass at elevated CO2. Interpretation: These results unveiled profound effects of elevated CO2 on the growth of light-demanding species M. pruinosa, while shade-tolerant species S. platycarpa was not relatively affected by elevated CO2. This underscored the necessity to analyse different species performance to elevated CO2, thereby improving the ability to predict tropical swamp forest ecosystem responses to rising CO2.

Growth responses of paddy rice to an ammonia-excreting mutant cyanobacterium at elevated CO2 concentration

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kamura ◽  
S.L. Albrecht ◽  
J.T. Baker ◽  
L.H. Allen ◽  
K.T. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization Modified the Responses of Schima superba Seedlings to Elevated CO2 in Subtropical China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Zhan Chen ◽  
Siyuan Ye ◽  
Jixin Cao ◽  
He Shang
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
Leaf N

There are very few studies about the effects of relatively higher CO2 concentration (e.g., 1000 μmol·mol−1) or plus N fertilization on woody plants. In this study, Schima superba seedings were exposed to ambient or eCO2 (550, 750, and 1000 μmol·mol−1) and N fertilization (0 and 10 g·m−2·yr−1, hereafter: low N, high N, respectively) for one growth season to explore the potential responses in a subtropical site with low soil N availability. N fertilization strongly increased leaf mass-based N by 118.38%, 116.68%, 106.78%, and 138.95%, respectively, in different CO2 treatments and decreased starch, with a half reduction in leaf C:N ratio. Leaf N was significantly decreased by eCO2 in both low N and high N treatments, and N fertilization stimulated the decrease of leaf N and mitigated the increase of leaf C:N by eCO2. In low N treatments, photosynthetic rate (Pn) was maximized at 733 μmol·mol−1 CO2 in August and September, while, in high N treatments, Pn was continuously increased with elevation of CO2. N fertilization significantly increased plant biomass especially at highly elevated CO2, although no response of biomass to eCO2 alone. These findings indicated that N fertilization would modify the response of S. superba to eCO2.

scholarly journals Differential growth and yield responses of local potato cultivars from basic seed tubers

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Mónica Eliana Córdoba-Figueroa ◽  
Hernando Criollo-Escobar ◽  
Sandra Insuasty-Córdoba ◽  
Julián Fernando Mateus-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Potato Growth

ABSTRACT Potato quality of seed tubers is a determinant factor that allows obtaining high yields, and its use must be a priority for a country or a producing region. Lack of information about how local cultivars perform differentially according to the environment has been identified in order to support potential seeds production programs. The research was carried out in 2018 at the Obonuco Research Center of Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), with the aim of analyzing the growth and yield of basic tuber seeds of five potato (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) cultivars. 1,080 seed tubers from each cultivar (treatments) were planted in a completely randomized block design and three replications. Mean comparison Tukey-Kramer (p≤0.05) test was performed for the yield analysis. From emergency to final harvest, destructive sampling was carried out every fifteen days in order to calculate dry matter and leaf area and establish growth models based on the accumulated degree-days (DD). The yield and proportion of seed tubers per plant were determined according to local resolution for seed certification in Colombia. Growth variables fitted better with the Hoerl, Gaussian, and third-degree polynomial models. The leaf area index of the potato cultivars reached the maximum value at 876 DD, with values ranging from 2.91 to 6.11 DD. The highest yield per plant was obtained by the Ica Única cultivar (2.73 kg plant-1). However, this cultivar showed the lowest percentage of seed tubers, with 50.59% compared to the others, which ranged between 80.82 and 87.40%. Differential potato growth responses through models based on the DD would explain the differences in final yield and seeds tuber production.

scholarly journals   The impact of post-anthesis nitrogen and water availability on yield formation of winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Madani ◽  
A.H. Makarem ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Joudi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Plant Respiration ◽  
The Impact

The effects of irrigation regimes (full irrigation and water-withholding at anthesis) and post-anthesis nitrogen supplies (LN: 0, MN: 20 and HN: 40 kg N/ha) on grain yield and its components in winter wheat were studied, with attention to biomass gain by assimilation and its loss by respiration. Fully-irrigated wheat responded to N fertilization with increased grain number (GN) and decreased grain weight (GW) and achieved similar grain yields (5.2 to 5.5 t/ha) at different N supplies. However, drought-stressed wheat responded to N with higher GN without significant changes in GW, and achieved higher grain yields (2.7 vs. 3.3 t/ha) with HN compared to LN. Net assimilation rates during grain filling (NARg) increased with increasing post-anthesis N fertilization for drought-stressed wheat (NARg: 3.8 and 4.5 g/m/day for LN and HN). Apparent whole-plant respiration (R<sub>A</sub>) was not influenced by increased post-anthesis N fertilizer. Thus, in drought-stressed wheat, the total biomass and straw yield at maturity were increased by increasing N supply. These results suggest that high N supply at anthesis satisfied the grains&rsquo; increased demand for N by increasing post-floral assimilation, and the surplus assimilates not only compensated for the low-N-induced biomass loss by respiration but may also have increased the

scholarly journals Precommercial Thinning Increases Spruce Yields in Boreal Mixedwoods in Alberta, Canada

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Ivan Bjelanovic ◽  
Phil Comeau ◽  
Sharon Meredith ◽  
Brian Roth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Boreal Mixedwoods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

A few studies in young mixedwood stands demonstrate that precommercial thinning of aspen at early ages can improve the growth of spruce and increase stand resilience to drought. However, information on tree and stand responses to thinning in older mixedwood stands is lacking. To address this need, a study was initiated in 2008 in Alberta, Canada in 14 boreal mixedwood stands (seven each at ages 17 and 22). This study investigated growth responses following thinning of aspen to five densities (0, 1000, 2500, 5000 stems ha−1 and unthinned (control)). Measurements were collected in the year of establishment, and three and eight years later. Mortality of aspen in the unthinned plots was greater than in the thinned plots which were not significantly different amongst each other. Eight years following treatment, aspen diameter was positively influenced by thinning, while there was no effect on aspen height. The density of aspen had no significant effect on the survival of planted spruce. Spruce height and diameter growth increased with both aspen thinning intensity and time since treatment. Differentiation among treatments in spruce diameter growth was evident three years from treatment, while differentiation in height was not significant until eight years following treatment. Yield projections using two growth models (Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM) and Growth and Yield Projection System (GYPSY)) were initialized using data from the year eight re-measurements. Results indicate that heavy precommercial aspen thinning (to ~1000 aspen crop trees ha−1) can result in an increase in conifer merchantable volume without reducing aspen volume at the time of harvest. However, light to moderate thinning (to ~2500 aspen stems ha−1 or higher), is unlikely to result in gains in either deciduous or conifer merchantable harvest volume over those of unthinned stands.

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