scholarly journals Effect of chronic administration of nicorandil (a potassium channel activator) on body weight of two different experimental animal species

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Sanjib Das ◽  
Kusai M. Alsalhanie ◽  
Samal Nauhria ◽  
Atindra N. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potassium Channel Activator ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Cost

Background: Potassium channel openers (Nicorandil being the prototype) are a distinct class of drugs, used in the management of chronic stable angina pectoris. Obesity is a frequent co-morbid condition and also a risk factor for angina pectoris. Anti-obesity drugs are used more frequently these days than ever before. Therefore, it is more likely that physician would be prescribing at least 2 or more drugs while treating such comorbid conditions. This generates a need for the development of a new drug which would work against both angina and obesity. The resultant effect would be a reduction in the cost burden, incidences of side effects and possible drug- drug interactions as compared to multidrug therapy. The purpose of this study is evaluating the chronic effect of Nicorandil (graded doses) on the body weight in 2 different species of animals i.e. rabbits and mice.Methods: In this study, 30 experimental animals of each species were selected. Pretreatment weight (Mean body weight±SEM) of each group were recorded and compared with the post-treatment values of the respective group in every week up to a period of 4 weeks. The route of administration was an intraperitoneal injection.Results: Chronic administration of nicorandil causes a significant reduction in body weight at moderate to high doses in both species of the study group. (p <0.05).Conclusions: Body weight reducing, an effect of nicorandil in animals, if established in human, could enhance its acceptability in obesity with various ischemic heart diseases including angina.

scholarly journals Antiobesity and Hypolipidemic Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaves against High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souravh Bais ◽  
Guru Sewak Singh ◽  
Ramica Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

In the present study, the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MEMOL) was evaluated for antiobesity activity in rats. The antiobesity potential of MEMOL was studied against high fat diet-induced obesity (HFD) in rats. In this study, chronic administration of HFD in rats produced hypercholesterolemia (116.2 ± 0.27 mg/dL), which led to an increase in the body weight (225 gr), total cholesterol, triglycerides (263.0 ± 4.69 mg/dL), and attenuation in the levels of HDL (34.51 ± 2.20 mg/dL) as well as changes in body temperature of animals. Treatment of obese rats with MEMOL for 49 days resulted in a significant (P<0.001) change in body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL level along with a significant (P<0.001) increase in body temperature as compared to the HFD-induced obesity. MEMOL treated rats also showed a significant decrease in the level of liver biomarkers, organ weight, and blood glucose level. Further, rats treated with MEMOL (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) show reduced atherogenic index (1.7 ± 0.6 and 0.87 ± 0.76). The results indicate that the rats treated with Moringa oleifera (MO) have significantly attenuated the body weight without any change in the feed intake and also elicited significant thermogenic effect and to act as hypolipidemic and thermogenic property in obesity related disorders.

Forage based fattening of male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) under farmers’ managed condition in Dang district, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
N R Devkota ◽  
S Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Cost

Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are an important component of livestock in Nepal. Its population has been estimated as 4,204,886 in 2005/06 (MOAC, 2006). Buffalo calves are seldom raised for meat in Nepal (Rana et al., 2000). In cases where they are raised, they are confined until six to eight months of age, as their dams will not give milk without them (Rana et al., 2000). Scientific information on fattening of male buffalo calves is scanty. A field based study was conducted to access the body weight of male buffalo calves raised under forage based and forage based plus limited concentrate supply at different ages, to determine the cost effectiveness of fattening technology under farmers’ managed condition.

scholarly journals Allylmethylsulfide, a Sulfur Compound Derived from Garlic, Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soheb Anwar Mohammed ◽  
Bugga Paramesha ◽  
Yashwant Kumar ◽  
Ubaid Tariq ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Arava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Enalapril Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Allylmethylsulfide (AMS) is a novel sulfur metabolite found in the garlic-fed serum of humans and animals. In the present study, we have observed that AMS is safe on chronic administration and has a potential antihypertrophic effect. Chronic administration of AMS for 30 days did not cause any significant differences in the body weight, electrocardiogram, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathology of vital organs. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of AMS suggests that AMS is rapidly metabolized into Allylmethylsulfoxide (AMSO) and Allylmethylsulfone (AMSO2). To evaluate the efficacy of AMS, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneous implantation of ALZET® osmotic minipump containing isoproterenol (~5 mg/kg/day), cotreated with AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. AMS and enalapril significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy as studied by the heart weight to body weight ratio and mRNA expression of fetal genes (ANP and β-MHC). We have observed that TBARS, a parameter of lipid peroxidation, was reduced and the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were improved in the AMS and enalapril-cotreated hypertrophic hearts. The extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) were significantly upregulated in the diseased hearts; however, with the AMS and enalapril, it was preserved. Similarly, caspases 3, 7, and 9 were upregulated in hypertrophic hearts, and with the AMS and enalapril treatment, they were reduced. Further to corroborate this finding with in vitro data, we have checked the nuclear expression of caspase 3/7 in the H9c2 cells treated with isoproterenol and observed that AMS cotreatment reduced it significantly. Histopathological investigation of myocardium suggests AMS and enalapril treatment reduced fibrosis in hypertrophied hearts. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that AMS, an active metabolite of garlic, could reduce isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stabilizing ECM components.

scholarly journals Feasibility of using fallen tea leaves as litter in broiler rearing

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
S Chakma ◽  
MY Miah ◽  
A Ara ◽  
MH Kawsar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Wood Shaving ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Cost

One hundred eighty straight run day old Cobb-500 broilers were reared on rice husk, sawdust, wood shaving and chopped tea leaves litter up to 35 days of age. The broilers were fed ad libitum. At 35 days the body weight of chicken reared on sawdust attained the highest body weight (p<0.01) than other litters. FCR was the best on saw dust. The moisture content of different litters did not differ significantly. Oocyst population in rice husk was found to be higher (p<0.01) than those on other litters, except those reared on wood shaving. Moisture content of litters and oocyst population were positively correlated at 14 and 35 days and negatively correlated at 21 and 28 days of age. The litter cost per broiler and per kg broiler was the highest on rice husk (RH), intermediate on sawdust (SD), Wood shavings (WS) and the lowest on chopped fallen tea leaves (CFTL). It was concluded that it may be possible to minimize the cost of litter by using CFTL.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11978

Preclinical toxicology studies with Y15, a novel focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13561-e13561
Author(s):  
William G. Cance ◽  
Leslie Curtin ◽  
Sandra Buitrago ◽  
Vita Golubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
High Doses

e13561 Background: Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in many types of tumors and plays a major role in survival signaling. Recently, we developed a FAK scaffolding inhibitor, Y15 that targeted the main FAK autophosphorylation site (Y397) and had high efficacy in blocking tumor growth in many xenograft mice models. We performed a small animal toxicology study of Y15 and detected the maximal tolerated dose of this drug in mice. Methods: The toxicology study was performed in CD-1 albino [Hsd:ICR(CD-1)] mice with Y15 inhibitor delivered either by intraperitoneal injection (IP) or by oral delivery. Clinical chemistry data were collected by Hemagen Analyst II automatic Chemistry analyzer. In addition, hematology, body weight, mortality, and histopathology on different organs were analyzed in all mice. Results: We delivered Y15 by IP injection at 15 (low), 30 (medium) and 45 mg/kg (high) doses daily for 5 days/week during a 28 day study, or orally by gavage at 100 and 200 mg/kg daily during a 7 day study. The maximal tolerated dose by IP during 28 day study was 30 mg/kg. The maximal tolerated dose during single oral dose administration was 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg during 7 day study. Y15 did not cause any mortality or statistically significant differences in the body weight at 30mg/kg IP delivery during a 28-day study and at 100 mg/kg by oral delivery during a 7 day study. There were no significant clinical chemistry changes in alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, albumin, cholesterol, creatine kinase, total bilirubin, total protein and globulin. Finally, no significant histopathological changes were observed by necropsy in different organs at 30 mg/kg by IP and at 100 mg/kg dose by oral delivery. Conclusions: The Y15 FAK autophosphorylation inhibitor is well tolerated in mice and caused no significant toxicity by IP and oral delivery, suggesting it is a promising candidate for further large animal toxicology study prior to human trials.

scholarly journals Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum attenuates inflammatory damage in mice challenged with two pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921983354
Author(s):  
Dayong Ren ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Fengjun Rong ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Minghao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
High Doses

This study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus infection. A mouse inflammation model was established using S. aureus and S. typhimurium. The infected mice were treated with low, medium, and high doses (2 × 108, 4 × 108, and 8 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively) of three antibacterial L. plantarum strains. The body weight changes, spleen and thymus indexes, cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ), and secreted immunoglobulin A levels were measured. Compared with the model group, all the L. plantarum-treated groups show increased body weight, reduced spleen swelling, decreased IFN-γ content, significantly increased IL-4 content, and significantly decreased ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4. sIgA levels increased at the end of the experiment. The three L. plantarum strains can effectively attenuate the symptoms of S. typhimurium and S. aureus infection by regulating the Th1/Th2 response and enhancing sIgA secretion.

scholarly journals ​Production, Reproduction Performance and Cost Economics of Nellore Brown Lambs Reared under Different Systems of Rearing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rangamma ◽  
A. Sarat Chandra ◽  
N. Rajanna ◽  
M. Gnana Prakash ◽  
M. Venkateswarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Background: To know the production and reproductive performance of Nellore brown lambs under three systems i.e. intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system of rearing and which system of rearing was beneficial for the farmer community in terms of cost economics. Methods: 36 Nellore brown lambs of 3 months age from Livestock Research Station, Mamnoor, Warangal district were randomly allotted to three rearing systems i.e. Intensive (G1), Semi-intensive (G2) and Extensive (G3) system of each 12 animals. The body weight and ADG of lambs in the three systems were recorded fortnightly and calculated the cost economics. The reproductive parameters of ewe lambs were recorded. Result: From 3-9 months age, the mean gain in body weight (kg) in the G1 group was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher followed by G2 (10.95 ± 0.18) and G3 (9.33 ± 0.09) groups. The mean ADG (gm) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in G1 group (75.14 ± 1.56) than G2 (60.83 ± 1.02) and G3 (51.81 ± 0.47) groups. Significant (P less than 0.05) difference was observed in the mean age at puberty of ewe lambs in the three groups. The mean age at first service was lowest in G1 (329.50 ± 6.99) followed by G2 (360.17 ± 6.56) and G3 (385.17 ± 5.60) groups. The net income (Rs.) obtained from each lamb was 1870.8, 1406.7 and 1217.3, respectively in G1, G2 and G3 groups. The cost per kilogram live weight gain was higher in the G1 group followed by G2 and G3 group.

scholarly journals MS-275, a class 1 histone deacetylase inhibitor augments glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism to improve glycemic control and reduce obesity in diet-induced obese mice

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpak Bele ◽  
Shravan Babu Girada ◽  
Aramita Ray ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Srinivas Oruganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Given its glycemic efficacy and ability to reduce the body weight, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism has emerged as a preferred treatment for diabetes associated with obesity. We here report that a small-molecule Class 1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) enhances GLP-1R agonism to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decrease body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MS-275 is not an agonist or allosteric activator of GLP-1R but enhances the sustained receptor-mediated signaling through the modulation of the expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathway. MS-275 and liraglutide combined therapy improved fasting glycemia upon short-term treatment and a chronic administration causes a reduction of obesity in DIO mice. Overall, our results emphasize the therapeutic potential of MS-275 as an adjunct to GLP-1R therapy in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of different types and doses of whey protein on the physiological and intestinal flora in D-galactose induced aging mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248329
Author(s):  
Zuolin Ma ◽  
Fumei Zhang ◽  
Hongxin Ma ◽  
Xinghao Chen ◽  
Jiaqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
High Doses

The elderly usually suffer from many diseases. Improving the quality of life of the elderly is an urgent social issue. In this present study, D-galactose treated aging mice models were used to reveal the effects of different animal sources and different doses of whey protein (WP) on the immune indexes organs and intestinal flora. A total of 9 groups were set up, including normal control (NC), negative control (NS), positive control (Vc), low-, medium- and high-doses of cow WP intervention groups (CL, CM and CH for short, correspondingly) and low-, medium- and high-doses of goat WP intervention groups (GL, GM and GH for short, correspondingly). The body weight gain, thymus/body weight ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, spleen immunoglobulins G (IgG), spleen interleukin-2 (IL-2) and spleen interleukin-2 (IL-6) were measured. Then, the intestinal contents were collected, and 16s genes of intestinal bacteria were sequenced to reveal the changes in bacterial flora structure. WP intervention significantly increased the weight gain, thymus/body ratio and SOD activity, but decrease the content of MDA. WP intervention increased some immune indicators. All the WP treated aging mice showed similar values of physiological indexes to that of the Vc group, even better. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Stenotrophomonas was increased and decreased, respectively, by both cow and goat WP. Lactobacillus may be involved in regulating the functional repair of organisms. In contrast, Stenotrophomonas might play a negative role in the immune and antioxidant capacity of the body. Combining physiological indicators and intestinal flora structure, low-concentration WP for cow and goat might be optimal for aging models.

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