scholarly journals Biochemical and histopathological assessment of atorvastatin-loaded nanoemulsion effectiveness in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Khadijah S. Balamash ◽  
Mona S. Al-ddyni
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: Atorvastatin (ATV), a lipid lowering agent, has low solubility and poor dissolution affects its oral bioavailability. Nanoemulsion (NE) has been developed to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents. This study was aimed to assess the ability of the NE in enhancing ATV bioavailability and minimizing its side effects in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods: Thirty-five rats divided into seven groups were utilized in this study. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding rats high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months. The antihyperlipidemic activity of 10 and 20 mg/kg of ATV loaded in two different delivery systems; nanoemulsion (10% and 20% ATV-LNE) or in water (10% and 20% ATV-sol), were investigated. At the end of the experiment, body weight, serum and plasma biochemical parameters (lipid profile, glucose, insulin, liver and kidney functions, oxidative stress markers were assessed. Liver and kidney were histopathologically examined. The physical characteristics of NE were determined by the Zetasizer (the z-average diameter and zeta potential).Results: 20% ATV-LNE had the smallest nanoparticles (38.12±6.71nm) whereas it had the largest zeta negative potential of -26.8±4.16mV. The serum biochemical results and the histopathological examination revealed that treatment with 20% ATV-LNE improved the lipid profile by significantly increasing HDL and decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Both 10 and 20% ATV-LNE reduced serum glucose level compared to other used formulas.Conclusions: NE formulas have the potential to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of ATV and reduce its side effects.

scholarly journals ROASTED CASHEW NUT KERNEL (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.) SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES HEPATIC AND RENAL STATUS BUT NOT LIPID PROFILE IN RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ademola Clement Famurewa ◽  
Innocent Abi ◽  
Emmanuel U Eru
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Liver And Kidney

ABSTRACTObjective: Although studies suggest that nut consumption is associated with a variety of beneficial health outcomes, however, there is a dearth of datain the literature to document this effect for roasted cashew nut kernel (RCNK). Our objective was to determine whether dietary consumption of RCNKcould improve lipid profile, hepatic and renal status in rats.Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: A control and three experimental groups fed with roasted cashew nutsupplementeddietatdifferentconcentrationsfor28consecutivedays.Aftertheexperimentalperiod,ratswereanesthetized withether andretroorbitalbloodsampleswerewithdrawn.Serumsamples wereobtained toanalyzelipid profile,markersof oxidativestress,hepatic andrenalstatususingstandardmethods.Results: The supplemented diet significantly decreased the liver function parameters in rats. All the concentrations of RCNK in diets significantlyreduced serum creatinine and urea levels. However, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased,whereas oxidative stress markers and malondialdehyde were improved by the supplemented diet, although insignificantly, as compared with thecontrol.Conclusions: These results suggest that RCNK may have beneficial health effects on the liver and kidney status although marked improvement wasnot demonstrated in oxidative stress markers. However, the significant increase in serum total and LDL-C indicates the need for further studies.Keywords: Roasted cashew nut, Anacardium occidentale, Lipid profile, Liver enzymes, Oxidative stress.

scholarly journals In vivo and in silico investigations of the toxicological and analgesic properties of unprocessed Aloe vera gel in experimental rat models

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashis Paul ◽  
Arnab Chakraborty ◽  
Debabrata Modak ◽  
Arnab Sen ◽  
Soumen Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Complementary Medicines ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Aloe Gel

Aloe vera is a commonly used plant in both food and medicine industry. The potential toxicological side-effects of prolonged intake of Aloe extract have not been evaluated in detail. This work presents an in-depth toxicological study of the crude unprocessed A. vera gel in experimental rats. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated in a 1 to 28-day long feeding schedule of the aqueous homogenized gel material. Hemoglobin, total protein, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, serum alanine transaminase (SGPT), aspartate transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase were examined and kidney and liver histology was performed. In the acute toxicity test, the behavioral aspects were also considered. A molecular docking assay was performed to investigate the binding affinities of pure A. vera compounds with liver and kidney toxicological marker enzymes, in order to assess the probable mode of action of selected Aloe constituents. Solubility factors for the active constituents were also studied to determine their possible miscibility with body fluids. The results from in vivo tests provided no major toxicological indications. Crude Aloe gel consumption up to 4 g/kg body weight (b.w.) showed no toxicological side effects. From the structural standpoint, Aloe-based bioactive molecules, such as Aloe-emodin, acetophenone, ?-sitosterol, cholestenol and squalene showed promising binding affinity to qualify as alternative and complementary medicines. The synergistic roles of all A. vera constituents remain to be validated in human disease models.

scholarly journals A Single Consumption of High Amounts of the Brazil Nuts Improves Lipid Profile of Healthy Volunteers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Colpo ◽  
Carlos Dalton de Avila Vilanova ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Brenner Reetz ◽  
Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte ◽  
Iria Luiza Gomes Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Lipid Profile ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background. This study investigates the effects of Brazil nut ingestion on serum lipid profile in healthy volunteers.Methods. Ten healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Each subject was tested 4 times in a randomized crossover in relation to the ingestion of different serving sizes of the Brazil nut: 0, 5, 20, or 50 g. At each treatment point, peripheral blood was drawn before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 24, and 48 hours and 5 and 30 days. Blood samples were tested for total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c, resp.), triglycerides, selenium, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, gamma GT, urea, creatinine, and C-reactive protein.Results. A significant increase of the plasma selenium levels was observed at 6 hours within the groups receiving the nuts. Serum LDL-c was significantly lower, whereas HDL-c was significantly higher 9 hours after the ingestion of 20 or 50 g of nuts. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function were not modified by ingestion of nuts.Conclusions. This study shows that the ingestion of a single serving of Brazil nut can acutely improve the serum lipid profile of healthy volunteers.

scholarly journals The efficacy of evolocumab in the management of hyperlipidemia: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia AlHajri ◽  
Asma AlHadhrami ◽  
Shama AlMheiri ◽  
Yalwah AlMutawa ◽  
Zainab AlHashimi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Lipid Management ◽  
Highly Effective

Background: Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia has been a concern for a long time, with various guidelines emphasizing the importance of managing the lipid profile to prevent cardiac incidences. Although statins have been found to be highly effective, resistance and intolerability to side effects will continue to be a stumbling block for certain patients. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors tackle lipid profile via a novel mechanism and therefore provide an additional effective option for managing lipid profile. The overarching aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of evolocumab among various populations with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed to identify potential records; then titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened using the inclusion criteria to filter out irrelevant studies. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken using standardized tools and the results were narratively synthesized and presented in tables. Results: Eight studies were included in this systematic review after screening 1191 records. All studies demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values in the groups that received evolocumab compared with the comparator groups ( p < 0.05). The decline in LDL-C levels from baseline in the majority of studies ranged from 40% to 80%, whether used alone or in combination with other agents. Also, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein B were improved with the use of evolocumab. Conclusions: This study helped to collate evidence from studies that tested the effectiveness of evolocumab in the management of hyperlipidemia. Evolocumab seems to be highly effective in reducing LDL-C and other lipid parameters. Hence, it provides an excellent alternative for patients with refractory disease or patients who develop intolerable side effects, therefore helping to overcome the stumbling block to achieving optimal lipid management.

scholarly journals Role of Vernonia Amygdalina on Plasma Lipid Profile, Liver and Kidney Enzymes in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olukayode Ajayi ◽  
Elvis Uchechukwu Obi ◽  
Elizabeth Namesegua Elegbeleye ◽  
Precious Titilayo Obayemi ◽  
Oyindamola Mary Edamisan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease which has been associated with liver and kidney injuries, and at the same time affects lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Vernonia amygdalina (VAM) on plasma lipid profile, liver and kidney enzymes in rats with streptozotocin -induced diabetes. Twenty-five male albino wistar rats weighing between 137 and 223 g were randomly grouped into five of five rats per group as follows: control, diabetic, diabetic + metformin (MET), diabetic + VAM at 150, 300 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by administration of 45 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 4.5) by single intraperitoneal injection. Three days after, when diabetes was confirmed, MET and VAM were administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days. Animals were fasted overnight after the last administration of MET and VAM, sacrificed, blood was collected and plasma prepared for lipid profile estimation. Liver and kidney were collected, weighed, homogenized and supernatants obtained for enzymes and biochemical assays. There were no significant (p>0.05) change in the weights of animal, liver and kidney, liver/rat and kidney/rat ratios, plasma cholesterol (CHOL) concentration, activities of liver and kidney aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and liver and kidney total protein (TPRO) concentrations; significant (p<0.05) decrease in triglyceride (TRIG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL); and significant (p<0.05) increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, kidney GGT, LDH activities, liver and kidney creatinine (CREA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) concentrations of diabetic (STZ) rats compared with normal control. The treatment of the diabetic rats with MET and VAM significantly modulated positively these parameters compared with the diabetic rats. This study further explains the protective role played by VAM in dyslipidaemia, liver and kidney injuries resulting from diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Cholecystectomy on Serum Lipids and Blood Glucose (Hospital Based Observational Prospective Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Om Karki ◽  
Bishow Deep Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lowering Drug

Introduction: Association between cholelithiasis and dyslipidemia has been shown in many studies. Recent studies have shown improvement in lipid profile following cholecystectomy. This study aimed to determine the changes in lipid profile and blood glucose level after cholecystectomy.Methods: Seventy-three patients of cholelithiasis were studied prospectively. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), atherogenic index (AI) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were estimated pre-operatively. Further, the same parameters were studied after cholecystectomy after one week and one-month intervals. None of the patients received any lipid-lowering drug or dietary restriction. Results were analysed and compared.Results: Of the 73 patients with cholelithiasis, 66% were female and 34% male. The mean age of patients was 40.53± 13.16 years. 56% of patients with cholelithiasis had a deranged lipid profile. TC was significantly decreased at one week (p=0.002) and one month (p=0.00) interval after cholecystectomy while TG levels also decreased significantly at one month postoperative (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in LDL-c however improvement was seen on HDL-c. Blood glucose level also increased significantly (p=0.028) after one month of cholecystectomy.Conclusion: Cholelithiasis is associated with an abnormal lipid profile. Cholecystectomy leads to a significant decrease in some of the parameters of lipid profile and the atherogenic index. The presence of gall stones thus should be perceived in the context of metabolic syndrome, which may be investigated and treated.

scholarly journals POLYHERBAL PREPARATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON DIET-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
NUZHAT QURESHI ◽  
RAGHVENDRA DUBEY ◽  
NILESH KUMAR PATHAK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Objective: The objective of this research article is to develop and evaluate polyherbal preparation and comparative studies on diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Methods: After the extraction, pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening was done. The lipid-lowering activity of polyherbal formulation (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) may be attributed to the phytoconstituents present such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, proteins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, and triterpenes. In acute oral toxicity study, there were no behavioral changes seen up to 4 h and no mortality was observed up to the end of 24 h even at the maximum tested dose level of 2000 mg/kg per oral. It was considered maximum safe dose. Male and female albino rats weighing 150–200 g were used for the study. Hydroalcoholic extract of all plants was prepared having a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The doses were selected according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline no. 425. The procedure was divided into two phases: Phase I (observation made on day 1) and Phase II (observed the animals for the next 14 days of drug administration). Animals received a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. After the administration of Healthcare Administration, food was withheld for 3–4 h. If the animal dies, conduct the main test to determine the LD50. The study was conducted by measuring various parameters, namely, daily feed intake (g), water intake (ml), body weight (g), lipid profile high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), CHL level (mg/dl), and blood glucose level (mg/dl). Results: Results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level and serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol, LDL, and increasing serum HDL level, so could be useful in the treatment of hypolipidemia. Conclusion: Polyherbal formulations (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) have hypoglycemic activity and significantly improve lipid profile levels in diet-induced experimental rats.

scholarly journals Effect of the combination of Leptadenia hastata (pers) decne and Momordica balsamina linn leaf extracts on lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisatu Kabir ◽  
Umar Ismail Alhaji ◽  
Dorcas Bolanle James ◽  
Hajia Mairo Inuwa ◽  
Muhammad Kano Atiku
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Changes in blood lipid level (dyslipidemia) play a central role in the onset and pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Traditional herbal healers commonly use anti-diabetic polyherbal formulations to provide a multi-therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne, Momordica balsamina Linn and their combination on lipid profile of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was therefore evaluated in the present study. Results We evaluated the serum lipid profile and blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg body weight) treated with the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata (400 mg/kg) and M. balsamina (200 mg/kg) alone and in combination (400 + 200 mg/kg) after a period of 4 weeks. A significantly decreased (p < 0.05) level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and increased (p < 0.05) level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed in all the treated groups when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, the combination treatment was potentially a more effective blood lipid-lowering (p < 0.05) agent when compared to the single treatments. Conclusion Results from this study demonstrated the blood lipid-lowering potential of the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata, M. balsamina, and their combination. However, the polyherbal combination could be more potent in controlling diabetes mellitus, associated dyslipidemia, and its complications.

scholarly journals Advances in the Study of Marine Products with Lipid-Lowering Properties

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Jiarui Zhao ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
Maochen Xing ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Zeyu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol

With twice the number of cancer’s deaths, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, in particular, is a progressive, chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease caused by persistent damage to blood vessels due to elevated cholesterol levels and hyperlipidemia. This condition is characterized by an increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein. Although existing therapies with hypolipidemic effects can improve the living standards of patients with cardiovascular diseases, the drugs currently used in clinical practice have certain side effects, which insists on the need for the development of new types of drugs with lipid-lowering effects. Some marine-derived substances have proven hypolipidemic activities with fewer side effects and stand as a good alternative for drug development. Recently, there have been thousands of studies on substances with lipid-lowering properties of marine origin, and some are already implemented in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the active components of marine-derived products having a hypolipidemic effect. These active constituents according to their source are divided into algal, animal, plant and microbial and contribute to the development and utilization of marine medicinal products with hypolipidemic effects.

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