scholarly journals A study of the cost analysis of various oral antihypertensive drugs available in Indian market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Neelesh Arya ◽  
Shweta Agrawal ◽  
Mehul Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost

Background: Hypertension is a serious global public health problem. It accounts for 10% of all deaths in India and is the leading non-communicable disease. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension is 25% in urban and 10% in rural people in India. It exerts a substantial public health burden on cardiovascular health status and health care systems in India. Antihypertensive treatment effectively reduces hypertension related morbidity and mortality. The cost of medications has always been a barrier to effective treatment. The increasing prevalence of hypertension requires use of cost effective treatment for the effective management of the disease.Methods: Cost of a particular drug (cost per 10 tablets) in the same strength and dosage forms being manufactured by different companies was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties, Jan‑April 2019 and “Indian Drug Review” (IDR) September 2018. Difference between the maximum and minimum cost of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated and percentage cost variation was calculated.Results: The prices of a total of 24 drugs (15 single and 9 combination preparations), available in 59 different formulations were analysed. These 62 formulations are manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies.Conclusions: The average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral antihypertensive drug manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Drug Utilization Pattern, Cost of Illness and Cost-Effective Analysis of Antihypertensive Drugs in a Tertiary Hospital- A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
K. V. Ramanath ◽  
Brijin Thomas Biju ◽  
Imad Ahmed ◽  
Mandapati Veera Venkata Haritha ◽  
K. S. Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost

Background: Hypertension is a condition with a substantial public health burden and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The increasing prevalence of hypertension requires the use of cost-effective treatment and effective management of a disease. Hence, this study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of antihypertension drugs in patients with hypertension and other co- morbidities. Methods: The study was designed as prospective and interventional, with objectives to evaluate the cost of illness, prescribing patterns of different classes of antihypertensive drugs alone or in combination, and cost-effectiveness evaluation of other groups of antihypertensive drugs prescribed. Provided About 40 patients were with antihypertensive drugs of various classes whose health scores were calculated using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and calculated the total cost of treatment. Also calculated Most common Prescribe antihypertensive medications and the cost-effectiveness of each drug. Results: This study showed that 58% of patients received combination therapy, 42% received monotherapy. Metoprolol was most cost-effective, followed by Carvedilol, which was in the case of monotherapy. Concerning combination therapy, Amlodipine + Bisoprolol proved to be the most cost-effective. ARBs were the most commonly prescribed class of antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: The study provided significant improvement in the health score of patients concerning the cost-effective antihypertensive treatment, showing an effective reduction in BP/ Helped in the management of hypertension and helped reduce risk factors associated with various cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of ACE inhibitors in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Prashant Wadagbalkar ◽  
Poonam Patel ◽  
Swati V. Raipurkar
Keyword(s):  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of death and disability in developed and developing countries. There is a wide variation in the prices of antihypertensive drugs marketed in India. Thus, a study was planned to find out variation in cost in the ACE Inhibitors available in India either as a single drug or in combination and to evaluate the difference in cost of various brands of the same ACE Inhibitors and ARBs by calculating percentage variation in cost in Indian rupees.Methods: Minimum and maximum costs in rupees (INR) of antihypertensive agents manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms were obtained from “current index of medical specialties” January April 2016 and Drug Today October-December 2016. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were calculated for each generic antihypertensive agent (ACE Inhibitors and ARBs).Results: This study shows that there is a wide variation in the prices of different brands of same ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Indian market.Highest cost variation 400% is for Lisinopril (2.5mg), followed by Enalapril (10mg) 394.16%, Telmisartan (20mg) 322.22%.Conclusions: There is a wide difference in the cost of different brands of ACE Inhibitors and ARBs available in India. They have important role in management of hypertension particularly if associated with other morbidities like diabetes. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost so as to reduce the cost of drug therapy and increase the patient adherence to the therapy.

Types of Social Structure as Factors in "Cures" for Alcohol Addiction

1942 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freed Bales
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alcohol Addiction

Alcoholism has presented a serious psychiatric and public health problem for many years both from the point of view of social consequences and from the point of view of effective treatment. Many psychiatrists hesitate to speak of "cures" at all, preferring the terms "improved" or "arrested cases". Although the problem has been attacked from the most various hypotheses concerning the nature of addiction, "cures" have always been very difficult and uncertain, no matter what type of therapy has been used. Against this background of medical and psychiatric experience the claim of one temperance group stands out in startling relief: "One-hundred-per-cent effectiveness with non-psychotic drinkers who sincerely want to quit is claimed by the workers of Alcoholics Anonymous."

scholarly journals Cognitive and environmental interventions to encourage healthy eating: evidence-based recommendations for public health policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 190624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Walker ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Harm Veling ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Do So

Policymakers are focused on reducing the public health burden of obesity. The UK average percentage of adults classified as obese is 26%, which is double that of the global average. Over a third of UK adults report using at least one weight management aid. Yet, many people still struggle to change their diet-related behaviour, despite having the awareness, intention and capability to do so. This ‘intention–behaviour gap’ may be because most existing dietary-choice interventions focus on individual decision-making, ignoring the effects of environmental cues on human behaviour. Behaviour change interventions that ‘nudge’ people into making healthier choices by modifying the food environment have been shown to be effective. However, this type of intervention is typically challenging for policymakers to implement for economic, ethical and public accessibility reasons. To overcome these concerns, policymakers should consider ‘boosting’ interventions. Boosting involves enhancing competences that help people make decisions consistent with their goals. Here, we outline cognitive training as a boosting intervention to tackle obesity. We synthesize the evidence for one type of cognitive training (go/no-go training) that may be effective at modifying food-related decisions and reducing body weight. We offer evidence-based recommendations for an obesity-focused Public Health Wales behaviour change programme.

scholarly journals Burden of Osteoporosis in the Countries of the Eurasian Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Alla G. Zakroyeva ◽  
Varta Babalyan ◽  
Guldjan Gabdulina ◽  
Оlga Lobanchenko ◽  
Оlga B. Ershova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Future ◽  
Eurasian Region

The public health burden of osteoporosis estimated by the results of clinical and population-based researches in most of the former USSR is uncertain for today. The objective of this audit (Audit-2020) was the epidemiological, medico-social and economic analyse of current and future osteoporosis challenges for the future years for eight countries of the Eurasian region.Methods. We did a search and critical analysis of the publications, including of regional in English, Russian or national languages, did organize a structured survey among national osteoporosis societies members in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, as well as explored the demographic trends in these countries.Results. Scientific researches including the wide population-based EVA project discovered that the expected number of patients with osteoporosis varies from 240,000 in Armenia to 16 million in Russia. All the countries should be categorized as a moderate risk of hip fractures for women (200–300 cases /100,000 per year). Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan have moderate risk for men (100–150/100,000), as well as Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are distinguished by a high risk for men (over 150 cases/100,000). Population aging trends are predicting the future growth in the osteoporosis-associated health challenges throughout the region. It is likely the number of osteoporotic fractures to rise in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan the most: 2.5–3.5 times by 2050. However current hospitalization rates for hip fracture persons are low in most countries (33–80%), the diagnostic equipment is insufficient (0.2–1.3 per million), DXA testing are expensive. Although modern treatments are available, the cure expenses remain high. Hereby, immediate action is required in each country of audit, including admit osteoporosis is a priority public health problem.Conclusion. Osteoporosis is a challenge for the countries of the Eurasian region. Its burden is about to get worse due to the expected demographic changes.

scholarly journals Disparity in cost of oral hypoglycemic agents available in Indian market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Soni .
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Maximum Price ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable disease worldwide, of which India has been crowned with the title of “diabetes capital of the world”. On an average a person spends 20% of his or her income for the treatment of diabetes per year. So, it’s become very important to conduct a complete cost disparity study among oral hypoglycemic agent available in the market. Information generated from the current analysis, will be helpful to doctors in choosing the right drug for their patient and for the health sector in successfully utilizing the available resources.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pharmacology AIIMS, Patna 2019. Price of the drugs per tablet/capsule/vial were reviewed from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” January-April 2019 and “Drug Today” October-December, 2018 for analysis of different formulations of oral hypoglycemic agents.Results: The cost of total 16 drugs belonging to 6 different classes, available in 38 different formulations were analyzed. Total 44 different pharmaceutical companies were involved in the manufacture of oral hypoglycemic agents. Overall glibenclamide (5 mg) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg) showed maximum % price variation of 422.79 and 586.27 respectively. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin both belonging to sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors shows minimum price variation of 9.86 and 0.9 respectively.Conclusions: The current study shows that there is a huge price variation among oral hypoglycemic agents manufactured by different companies and government needs to take essential steps to bring about the uniformity in the price.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of various brands of anti-epileptic drugs currently available in Indian pharmaceutical market

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Saiyadali A. Allisabanavar ◽  
Narayana Reddy S.
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
10Mg Tablet ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
50Mg Tablet ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
150Mg Tablet ◽  
The Cost

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting about 10 million persons in India. The compliance to a particular antiepileptic drug is highly dependent on the cost of the drug which directly translates into success or failure of therapy. Hence there is a need for all clinicians to keep themselves updated with the latest prices and price variation of the commonly prescribed drugs. This study aims to analyze cost variation of various brands of anti-epileptic drugs currently available in Indian pharmaceutical market.Methods: Current Index of Medical Specialities July-October 2016 edition was referred to know the maximum and minimum price in INR of various brands of anti- epileptic drugs in India. Further analysis was done by using Percentage Cost Variation.Results: There is wide variation in the prices of different brands of same antiepileptic agents in Indian market. The highest % cost variation was found for diazepam 5mg tablet (374.42), followed by lorazepam 2mg tablet (213.63), carbamazepine 100mg syrup/5ml-100ml (172.58), levetiracetam 1000mg FC-tablet (168.57), lamotrigine 25mg DIS- tablet (150), clobazam 10mg tablet (147.37), clonazepam 0.5mg tablet (145.90), oxcarbazepine 150mg tablet (89.46), gabapentin 300mg capsule (71.67), valproic acid 200mg FC-tablet (58.62), divalproex sodium 500mg ER-tablet (47.82), topiramate 50mg tablet (41.66) and lowest % cost variation was of phenytoin sodium 300mg tablet (0.23).Conclusions: The average percentage price variation of different brands of same oral anti-epileptic drug in Indian market is very wide. To counter act such cost variation, physicians should be encouraged to prescribe a medication brand with low cost. This in turn reduces the unnecessary economic burden to the patients.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA PASIEN PNEUMONIA BALITA RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA MANADO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Monica D. Lestari ◽  
Gayatri Citraningtyas ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
Keywords Antibiotics ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTPneumonia is an infectious disease in the lower respiratory tract that affects the lung tissue. Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin antibiotics are the most numerous and good for use in the treatment of pneumonia, but of the two antibiotics is not yet known the options for more cost effective treatment, so it needs to be done the cost effectiveness analysis in order to facilitate the selection of more cost-effective treatment options especially in toddler. This study aims to determine which therapies are more cost-effective than the use of antibiotics Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin in pneumonia patients in the January-December 2018 period in the Bhayangkara Manado Hospital using descriptive research methods with retrospective data collection. The sample in this study were 22 patients, 12 patients using ceftriaxone antibiotics and 10 patients using gentamicin antibiotics. The results showed that pneumonia treatment in infants using Ceftriaxone antibiotics was more cost-effective with ACER ceftriaxone value of Rp. 503,872 / day and ICER value of Rp. 145,588 / day. Keywords : Antibiotics, CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis), Pharmacoeconomy, Toddler Pneumonia. ABSTRAKPneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi pada saluran pernapasan bagian bawah yang mengenai jaringan paru. Antibiotik Seftriakson dan Gentamisim yang paling banyak dan baik untuk digunakan dalam pengobatan pneumonia, namun dari kedua antibiotik tersebut belum diketahui pilihan terapi yang lebih cost-effective, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis efektivitas biaya agar dapat mempermudah dalam pemilihan alternatif pengobatan yang lebih cost-effective khususnya pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan terapi yang lebih cost-effective dari penggunaan antibiotik Seftriakson dan Gentamisin pada pasien pneumonia rawat inap periode Januari-Desember 2018 di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Manado dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 22 pasien yaitu 12 pasien menggunakan antibiotik Seftriakson dan 10 pasien menggunakan antibiotik Gentamisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengobatan pneumonia pada balita menggunakan antibiotik Seftriakson lebih cost-effective dengan nilai ACER seftriakson sebesar Rp. 503,872/hari dan nilai ICER sebesar Rp. 145.588/hari. Kata Kunci : Pneumonia Balita, Antibiotik, CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis), Farmakoekonomi

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Safety of Favipiravir in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herni Damayanti ◽  
I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa ◽  
Rani Sauriasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Conditions

COVID-19 is a major public health problem, with still questionable specific cure. Favipiravir is a COVID-19 antiviral that is included in several drugs, potentially a therapy for COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze its efficacy and safety in moderate to critical hospitalized patients. This study was a retrospective cohort in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia, from August 2020 to January 2021. There was a total of 192 patients; 96 patients in the favipiravir group and 96 patients in the non-favipiravir group (remdesivir/oseltamivir). Effectivity was measured by assessing the clinical condition at the end of the isolation period of 14 days. The favipiravir group showed better clinical conditions than the non-favipiravir group (79.2% vs. 56.3%; aRR 2.196; 95% CI = 1.084 – 4.451, p=0.029), seen from being free of fever and respiratory problems. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the clinical improvement was significantly different in the severe/critical group in favor of favipiravir (RR 1,573; 95% CI = 1.139-2.172). The most common non-serious adverse events (AE) found in the use of favipiravir were gastrointestinal disturbances (12.5%). In conclusion, favipiravir is effective in severe/critical cases, and no serious adverse events were found in its use. Appropriate treatment is expected to help in reducing the public health burden.

Fear of receiving less effective care: A barrier to effective cancer care cost communication.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18339-e18339
Author(s):  
Sokbom Kang ◽  
Yelee Yu
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
To Receive

e18339 Background: Increasing financial burden in cancer care promoted cost communication as an intervention to the problem. We explored patients’ attitudes and concerns for the physician-patient communication of the costs of cancer care. Methods: From an oncology outpatient clinic, patients were recruited and interviewed using a 29-item questionnaire. The questionnaire includes basic and financial characteristics, attitudes toward cost-communication, and experience of cost-communication with oncologists. Results: Among 292 patients with gynecologic cancer, 68% were found to have an income below the nation’s average households income. Although the majority (81%) of patients have a positive attitude toward patient-physician cancer care cost-communication, however, only 19% of them wanted to discuss the cost with their physicians - 33% of them did not want to disclose their financial status to health care providers and 48% wanted to discuss the cost with other providers than their physicians. In addition, while 87% preferred to be informed about costs for various treatment options, 86% of them did not want to receive cost-effective treatment and preferred to receive the most effective treatment regardless of their financial status. Compared with non-cancer patients (n = 83), significantly more patients had a negative attitude to disclosing their financial status especially to their physician (22% vs. 11%, P = 0.024). Conclusions: A considerable proportion of cancer patients had concerns that cost communication with their physician may interfere with their opportunity to access the best care options. To facilitate cost communication, oncologists should understand such concerns and making a thoughtful effort to relieve the concern during cost communication.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document