scholarly journals A study to evaluate the causes of stillbirths according to the ReCoDe classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Bharti Choudhary Parihar ◽  
Abhilasha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Abruptio Placentae ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Still Births ◽  
Obstetrical Complication

Background: Foetal death or stillbirth is a major obstetrical complication and a devastating experience for the pregnant patients and relatives. Worldwide an estimate of at least 3.2 million stillbirths occurs each year. There are intensified demands on medical, political and epidemiological ground for proper determination and classification of causes of perinatal death. The aim of this study was to test a new classification system- Re. Co. De. Classification (Relevant Condition at Death) for stillbirths to improve our understanding of the main causes and conditions associated with foetal deaths.Methods: This study was a hospital based Prospective study conducted in department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, SZH, Bhopal. The study included 463 women who were admitted with Intra Uterine Foetal Demise. All cases were evaluated and after delivery the stillborn baby, the placenta and cord were examined. The causes were classified according to Re. Co. De. System.Results: The analysis of the new classification system Re. Co. De. Allowed attributable causes to about 90.72% of causes of still births explained where 9.28% were unexplained. The commonest cause was found to be class F4-Toxaemia of pregnancy (13.17%) followed by class A7- IUGR (10.58%), class C1-Abruptio placentae (10.36%), class E3-Obstructed labour (9.8%) and class A1- Lethal congenital malformations (8.42%).Conclusions: The Re. Co. De. Classification system gives us a better understanding of antecedents of stillbirths and the clinical practices, which need to be addressed to reduce perinatal mortality and have a better obstetric result in the next pregnancy.

scholarly journals Shifting syndromes: Sex chromosome variations and intersex classifications

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Andrew Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Current Drive ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Sex Development

The 2006 ‘Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders’ recommended moving to a new classification of intersex variations, framed in terms of ‘disorders of sex development’ or DSD. Part of the rationale for this change was to move away from associations with gender, and to increase clarity by grounding the classification system in genetics. While the medical community has largely accepted the move, some individuals from intersex activist communities have condemned it. In addition, people both inside and outside the medical community have disagreed about what should be covered by the classification system, in particular whether sex chromosome variations and the related diagnoses of Turner and Klinefelter’s syndromes should be included. This article explores initial descriptions of Turner and Klinefelter’s syndromes and their subsequent inclusion in intersex classifications, which were increasingly grounded in scientific understandings of sex chromosomes that emerged in the 1950s. The article questions the current drive to stabilize and ‘sort out’ intersex classifications through a grounding in genetics. Alternative social and historical definitions of intersex – such as those proposed by the intersex activists – have the potential to do more justice to the lived experience of those affected by such classifications and their consequences.

A Novel Acromion Radiological Classification and Its Clinical Application Study: Comparing Rockwood Tilt View with Arthroscopic Findings in 101 Shoulders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1184-1189
Author(s):  
Yingchun Zhu ◽  
Xuewen Jia ◽  
Zhanping Jin ◽  
Yunfeng Mi ◽  
Zheyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tear ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Tendon Tear ◽  
Cuff Tear ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Traditional Classification

Background: It is estimated that more than 25% of general population more than 60 years old experience rotator cuff tear, acromial impingement syndrome is one of the most common causes. Morphology of acromion is an important extrinsic factor in the development of rotator cuff tear. The traditional classification of the acromion by Bigliani et al. based on supraspinatus outlet view has been widely used, but due to the high requirements for patients to obtain true supraspinatus outlet view and the poor inter-observer reliability, it brings lots of limitations to the clinical use of this classification. In our clinical work, we have noticed that the formation of acromial anterolateral spur on Rockwood tilt view has some relationship to a rotator cuff tear. Objectives: To develop a new classification of acromion based on the subacromial impingement theory and the Rockwood tilt view. And explore the application value of the new classification in the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff tear. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2017, 101 cases of shoulder arthroscopic surgeries for impingement syndrome or rotator cuff tear were retrospectively analyzed. We developed a new classification of the acromion based on the Rockwood tilt view as type I flat acromion, type II bump acromion and type III impingement acromion. The status of the supraspinatus tendon was also recorded as no tear, partial-thickness tear, and full-thickness tear. We tested the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the new classification system (Kappa value) and analyzed the correlation between the acromion morphology and the rupture of the supraspinatus tendon. Results: In all 101 cases, the most common type was the impingement acromion with 46 patients (45.5%), followed by bump acromion in 37 patients (36.6%), and the flat acromion in 18 patients (17.8%). The inter-observer reliability of the new classification system was significantly better than that of the traditional classification (0.826 vs. 0.281). The incidence of supraspinatus tendon tear in the patients with impingement acromion was significantly higher than that of the other two types of acromion (ϰ2 = 50.316,P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Rockwood tilt view can well demonstrate the exact architecture of the anterolateral acromion spur. The new classification based on Rockwood tilt view has high reliability and good reproducibility. The type III impingement acromion correlates highly with the supraspinatus tendon tear. Level of evidence: Level II.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-Observer Variation of the Schatzker and AO/OTA Classifications of Tibial Plateau Fractures and a Proposal of a New Classification System

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Charalambous ◽  
M Tryfonidis ◽  
F Alvi ◽  
M Moran ◽  
C Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
Tibial Plateau Fractures ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Plain Radiographs

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-observer variation of the Schatzker and AO/OTA classifications in assessing tibial plateau fractures, using plain radiographs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty tibial plateau fractures were classified independently by six observers as per the Schatzker and AO/OTA classifications, using antero-posterior and lateral plain radiographs. Assessment was done on two occasions, 8 weeks apart. RESULTS We found that both the Schatzker and AO/OTA classifications have a high intra-observer (κ = 0.57 and 0.53, respectively), and inter-observer (κ = 0.41 and 0.43, respectively) variation. Classification of tibial plateau fractures into unicondylar versus bicondylar and pure splits versus articular depression ± split conferred improved inter- and intra-observer variation. CONCLUSIONS The high inter-observer variation found for the Schatzker and AO/OTA classifications must be taken into consideration when these are used as a guidance of treatment and when used in evaluating patients' outcome. Simply classifying tibial plateau fractures into unicondylar versus bicondylar and pure splits versus articular depression ± split may be more reliable.

scholarly journals A New Classification of Talocalcaneal Coalitions Based On Computed Tomography For Operative Planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anhong Wang ◽  
Weili Shi ◽  
Linxin Chen ◽  
Xing Xie ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Talocalcaneal Coalition ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Accessory Ossicle

Abstract Background Current classifications emphasize the morphology of the coalition, however, subtalar joint facets involved should also be emphasized.Objective The objective of this study was to develop a new classification system based on the articular facets involved to cover all coalitions and guide operative planning.Methods Patients were diagnosed with talocalcaneal coalition using a CT scan, between January 2009 and February 2021. We classified the coalition into four main types according to the shape and nature of the coalition: I, inferiorly overgrown talus or superiorly overgrown calcaneus; II, both talus and calcaneus overgrew; III, coalition with an accessory ossicle; (I-III types are non-osseous coalition) IV, complete osseous coalition. Then each type was further divided into three subtypes according to the articular facets involved. A, the coalition involving the anterior facets; M, the coalition involving the middle facets, and P, the coalition involving the posterior facets.Results There were 106 patients (108 feet) included in this study. Overall, 8 feet (7.5%) were classified as type I, 75 feet (69.4%) as type II, 7 feet (6.5%) as type III, and 18 feet (16.7%) as type IV. Twenty-nine coalitions (26.9%) involved the posterior facets only (subtype-P), 74 coalitions (68.5%) involved both the middle and posterior facets (subtype-MP), and five coalitions (4.6%) simultaneously involved the anterior, middle, and posterior facets (subtype-AMP). Type II-MP coalition was the most common.Conclusion A new classification system of the talocalcaneal coalition to facilitate operative planning was developed.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Lateral Dislocation of Mandibular Condyle: A Proposed New Classification with Report of 14 Dislocated Condyles

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabishur Rahman ◽  
Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi ◽  
Syed Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Sajjad Abdur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Lateral Dislocation

Lateral dislocation of the intact mandibular condyle is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. Since the first description and classification of these dislocations given by Allen and Young, few classification systems have been proposed in literature with incorporation of different patterns of dislocations identified over the years. We share our clinical experience of nine cases of such dislocations with 14 dislocated condyles, and on the basis of clinical and radiological findings coupled with the review of existing classification systems, we propose a new classification system which includes all the possible patterns of such dislocations overcoming the major shortcomings of preexisting classification systems identified by the authors.

A New Classification of Gas-Hydrate Deposits and Its Implications for Field-Development Potential

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Hon Chung Lau ◽  
Jinjie Wang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Field Development ◽  
System A ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits ◽  
Bearing Layer

Summary A new classification of gas-hydrate deposits is proposed that takes into account their location (marine vs. permafrost), porosity type (matrix vs. fracture), and gas origin (biogenic, thermogenic, or mixed). Furthermore, by incorporating currently used Classes 1 through 4, which describe the nature of adjacent strata, a total of 16 classes of hydrate deposits have been identified. This new classification provides detailed information on the properties of the hydrate-bearing layer and adjacent strata that can be used for both scientific research and ranking of field-development potential. Using this new classification system, a qualitative ranking of field-development potential for different classes of hydrate deposits according to likely productivity, capital, and operating costs can be conducted. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of this new classification by applying it to 11 well-knowngas-hydrate deposits worldwide.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and classification of pseudomyxoma peritonei

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bignell ◽  
Norman J. Carr ◽  
Faheez Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Tumour Markers ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ovarian Involvement

AbstractBackground: The term pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) was first described in 1884 and there has been much debate since then over the term. A recent consensus of world experts agreed that PMP should be thought of as a clinical entity characterised by the presence of mucinous ascites, omental cake, peritoneal implants and possibly ovarian involvement. It generally originates from mucinous appendiceal tumours.Content: This review details the clinical presentation of this unusual condition, presents the new classification system and how this relates to outcome. The pathophysiology of this disease is also explored with a special reference to the relationship of the disease to tumour markers.Summary: A classification system has been agreed upon by the leading experts in PMP which is now divided into low and high grade mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei. This distinction correlates with clinical outcome as does the presence of raised tumour markers preoperatively.Outlook: Research needs to be focused on understanding the factors associated with poor prognosis through well designed multi-centred prospective studies. This will allow us to identify patients with bad tumour biology so that targeted treatment based on likely prognosis may then become a reality.

RELIABILITY OF LICHTMAN'S CLASSIFICATION FOR KIENBÖCK'S DISEASE IN 99 SUBJECTS

Hand Surgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shin ◽  
Masahiro Tatebe ◽  
Hitoshi Hirata ◽  
Shukuki Koh ◽  
Takaaki Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Kienböck’S Disease ◽  
Kienböck's Disease ◽  
Kienbock’S Disease

Purpose: The objective of this research was to investigate the reliability of Lichtman's classification for Kienböck's disease. Methods: Interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were investigated by interpreting both anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the wrist joint twice in 99 patients with Kienböck's disease using the modified Lichtman's classification system. Observers comprised three orthopaedic surgeons, and no information was exchanged between observers either before or during the study. Results: Intraobserver reliability was moderate (0.313–0.628), and interobserver reliability was fair (Siegel's kappa = 0.228). Conclusion: Low values were obtained regarding interobserver reliability for the modified Lichtman's classification of Kienböck's disease. This classification is thus inadequate for use in clinical settings. A new classification should be established.

Congenital Anomalies of the Inner Ear Introducing a New Classification of Labyrinthine Anomalies

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (4_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Suehiro ◽  
Isamu Sando
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Membranous Labyrinth ◽  
Ear Anomalies

In a literature review of 108 articles a special effort was made to find and classify inner ear anomalies and diseases associated with inner ear anomalies. This study showed the following. Most of the diseases associated with inner ear anomalies are also associated with anomalies in other parts of the body. Hereditary characteristics comprise the most common etiological factor among the diseases associated with inner ear anomalies. Among anomalies observed in the cochlea, the vestibule, and the semicircular canals, anomalies in the cochlea are most frequently associated with various diseases and were observed in 30 of 43 diseases. Anomalies of the vestibule were observed in 25 diseases, and those of the semicircular canals in 18 diseases. Anomalies in both the osseous and the membranous labyrinth were most frequently associated with the diseases studied, as they were observed to occur with 10 of the 43 diseases. In this paper a new classification system for labyrinthine anomalies is introduced, based on this study of the literature.

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