scholarly journals Evaluation of primigravida in labour using modified WHO partograph: comparative study of 100 cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Nivedita D. ◽  
Mehvish Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Management Group ◽  
The Mean

Background: Prolonged labour has become a rarity in developed countries, but it still poses a problem in developing countries causing increase in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study is undertaken to assess the efficacy of modified WHO partograph in monitoring progress of labour in primigravidae with spontaneous onset of labour and in patients with active management and to assess whether active management of labour helps in reducing the duration of labour.Methods: In this study, 100 primigravidae partographs are analyzed, 50 patients are in active management group (early amniotomy and use of oxytocin) and 50 patients are in control group (spontaneously).Results: The mean duration of first stage of labour in the study group is 6.73±2 and in the control group is 11.30±4.51hrs( statistically significant p<0.001).Mean duration of second stage of labour in study group is 33.73±28.77mins and in control group is 38±24.98 mins (p<0.079), mean total duration of labour in active group is 7.17±2.64 hr and  in control group is 11.76hrs±-4.71hrs ( p<0.001).89% of study group patients had Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery as compared to the 80% in control group (p>0.05 ). Assisted vaginal delivery (vaccum) is found in 6% in the study group and 8% in control group patients (p>0.05). LSCS is found 10% in study group and 8% in control group patients (p>0.05).Conclusions: Active management of labour significantly reduces the mean duration of 1st active stage, 2nd stage and total duration of labour, but does not decrease the rate of the caesarean section.

scholarly journals Study of the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after child birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Nagajyothi Gunturu ◽  
D. Shivani ◽  
P. Sravanthi
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Third Stage

Background: The aim was to study the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after childbirth in normal vaginal delivery and LSCS.Methods: 200 pregnant women divided into two groups group 1 and group 2, 100 women undergoing LSCS and 100 women undergoing vaginal delivery. Study group will be given 1 g iv tranexamic acid along with active management of third stage of labor and control subjects will be given only active management of third stage. Clinical observations and laboratory examinations, measurement of blood loss were measured.Results: Distribution with respect to indication of LSCS like fetal distress, cephalopelvic disproportion, abnormal presentation, previous LSCS, arrest of descent, failed induction and onset of labor were comparable between both the groups. Study group showed marked decrease in blood loss when compared to controls from time of placental delivery to 2 hours postpartum in women undergoing vaginal delivery and caesarean section. There was a significant fall in mean Hb level among the control group when compared with the study group. There was no significant difference in the vital signs of the subjects in both the groups. The incidence of adverse effect like nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea were not increased in the study group when compared to the control group. Also the incidence of thrombosis was not increased with tranexamic acid.Conclusions: Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the amount of blood loss after vaginal delivery and lower segment caesarean section. Its use was not associated with any adverse drug reactions like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or thrombosis. Tranexamic acid can be safely administered in pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery and lower segment caesarean section. 

scholarly journals The effect and safety of placental blood drainage as a part of active management of third stage of labour in spontaneous vaginal delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Mohita Agarwal ◽  
Saroj Singh ◽  
Parul Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: In placental cord drainage facilitates placental delivery in both vaginal and caesarean section deliveries. The present study was done to evaluate the effect and safety of placental blood drainage as a part of active management of third stage of labour to reduce the duration and blood loss during third stage of labour.Methods: The study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and, SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India on 400 term pregnant women, with single live intrauterine fetus in cephalic presentation, without any complication. They were randomly divided into to study and control group. Study group: It comprised of 200 Gynaecology cases, underwent active management of third stage of labour with placental blood drainage. Control group: It comprised of 200 cases, underwent active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL) alone. Duration and blood loss during third stage were noted.Results: The mean duration of third stage of labour was 3.61±0.972mins in study group and 8.15±1.711mins in control group. The mean blood loss during third stage of labour was 168.14±76.703ml and 287.40±85.808ml in study and control group respectively.Conclusions: Duration of third stage, blood loss during third stage, and hemoglobin deference between pre and post-delivery were reduced significantly in study group than control group.

scholarly journals Compare the effect of amniotomy and oxytocin infusion in duration of labour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3123
Author(s):  
Katta Jyothi ◽  
Senadhipathi Shakunthala
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxytocin Infusion ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Foetal Outcome

Background: Labour is a unique experience in a women’s life, it is a physiological but painful event. It is a dynamic and continuous process which cumulates in the birth of a healthy baby followed by expulsion of the placenta and the membranes. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of amniotomy and oxytocin in terms of duration of labour, mode of delivery and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: A non-randomized comparative study of accelerating effect of  oxytocin and amniotomy has been studied, in the age group of 19-30 years, who are admitted in obstetric ward 200 primigravidae were studied out of which 100 belongs to control group and 100 study group.Results: In the study series 93 cases had labour lasting less than 4 hours when compared to only. The mean total duration of labour is reduced in study group with a difference of 204 minutes. Quantity and duration of blood loss is significantly less in study group when compared to control group. There was no significant difference in terms of mode of delivery, maternal and foetal outcome between the two groups.Conclusions: Oxytocin infusion combined with amniotomy is safe and effective in accelerating the first and second stage of labour in apparently normal cases. No statistically significant adverse effects were noted with oxytocin infusion and amniotomy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of intrapleural instillation of streptokinase with pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Sandeepa H. S. ◽  
Narendra U. ◽  
Gajanan S. Gaude ◽  
Supriya Sandeepa
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pigtail Catheter ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Tuberculous Pleural Effusion ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion in India. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intrapleural instillation of streptokinase with pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion.Methods: Clinical profile, hospital course and outcome of tuberculous pleural effusion patients at the end of six months of anti-tubercular treatment of 50 patients from January 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=25) received intrapleural streptokinase via pigtail catheter and the other group (n=25) received intercostal drainage without intrapleural streptokinase instillation. All the patients received standard daily anti TB regimen of 2HERZ/4HR for a total duration of six months.Results: Majority of the patients were above 40 years of age (60%). The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The major symptoms of the patients were, fever in 44 patients (88%), cough in 42 patients (84%), breathlessness in 33 patients (66%), loss of appetite in 25 patients (50%) and chest pain in 25 patients (50%). Most of the patients had ADA levels between 40-70 IU/L (48%) and only 6% had ADA levels below 40 IU/L. The mean pleural drainage was 2615±126.1 ml in the study group (intrapleural streptokinase) and 1858 ± 93.3 ml in the control group (p <0.0001). Mean duration of intercostal drainage in the study group was 3.76 ± 0.144 days and it was 5.08±0.199 days in the control group (p <0.0001). The mean duration of hospitalization in the study group was 6.60±0.91 days and it was 8.60 ± 0.57 days in the control group (p=0.06). Conclusion: Intrapleural streptokinase instillation is successful in increasing the total drainage of pleural fluid and results in effective drainage of tuberculous pleural effusion. It is also associated with increased amount of pleural fluid drainage, decreased duration of intercostal drainage, decreased length of hospital stay.

Effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing at old age home

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Raj ◽  
Subramaniam Santhi ◽  
G. J. Sara Sapharina
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interventional Group ◽  
Old Age Homes

AbstractObjectivesThis study finds out the effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.MethodsThe non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Wechsler's memory scale (WMS-IV) and Geriatric depression scale (GDS) were the instruments used to assess the memory and depression among elderly during the pretest and posttest, respectively and the researcher had developed data sheet to collect information about the background variables using interview technique.ResultsThe neurobic exercise program was found to be effective in reducing depression among elderly residing in old age homes. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the level of depression had been found during the pretest and posttest in the interventional group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) found between the study group and in the control group. There was significant correlation (r=0.417, p<0.05) found between the memory and depression during the pretest in the study group among the elderly. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) found in the mean scores of depression and marital status of the elderly during the pretest in the study group and there was a significant association (p<0.01) found in the mean scores of depression and the gender of the elderly during the pretest and posttest in the non interventional group were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that neurobic exercise program is an effective intervention in improving memory and reducing depression.

scholarly journals Patients with Achilles Tendon Rupture Have a Degenerated Contralateral Achilles Tendon: An Elastography Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianru Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yehua Cai ◽  
Yinghui Hua
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate differences of Achilles tendon (AT) hardness and morphology between asymptomatic tendons in patients with acute AT ruptures on the contralateral side and asymptomatic tendons in healthy people by using computer-assisted quantification on axial-strain sonoelastography (ASE). Methods. The study consisted of 33 asymptomatic tendons in 33 patients (study group) and 34 tendons in 19 healthy volunteers (control group). All the tendons were examined by both ASE and conventional ultrasound. Computer-assisted quantification on ASE was applied to extract hardness variables, including the mean (Hmean), 20th percentile (H20), median (H50) and skewness (Hsk) of the hardness within tendon, and the ratio of the mean hardness within tendon to that outside tendon (Hratio) and three morphological variables: the thickness (THK), cross-sectional area, and eccentricity (ECC) of tendons. Results. The Hmean, Hsk, H20, H50, and Hratio in the proximal third of the tendon body in study group were significantly smaller than those in control group (Hmean: 0.43±0.09 vs 0.50±0.07, p=0.001; Hsk: -0.53±0.51 vs -1.09±0.51, p<0.001; H20: 0.31±0.10 vs 0.40±0.10, p=0.001; H50: 0.45±0.10 vs 0.53±0.08, p<0.001; Hratio: 1.01±0.25 vs 1.20±0.23, p=0.003). The THK and cross-sectional area of tendons in the study group were larger than those in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. As a quantitative objective method, the computer-assisted ASE reveals that the asymptomatic ATs contralateral to acute rupture are softer than those of healthy control group at the proximal third and the asymptomatic tendons in people with rupture history are thicker, larger, and rounder than those of normal volunteers especially at the middle and distal thirds of AT body.

scholarly journals Pattern ERG as a predictor in ocular hypertensive

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paaraj Dave ◽  
Jitendra Jethani
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pattern Erg ◽  
Check Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To report the repeatability of Pattern Electrotretinogram (PERG) and its findings in ocular hypertension (OHT) and normal eyes.Methods: A cross-sectional study where PERG responses were compared between the study group comprising of 80 eyes of 80 patients with intraocular pressure (IOP)>21 mmHg and the control group with 80 eyes of 80 normal individuals (IOP≤21mmHg). The optic disc and the visual fields were normal with a visual acuity of ≥ 0.8 in both groups. PERG was recorded twice for each individual in the control group by a single operator on 2 consecutive days to assess the repeatability.Results: The mean age in the study and control groups was 50.05±10.03 and 54.8±7.66 years(p=0.44) respectively. The mean IOP was 26.55±3.9 mmHg for the study group as opposed to 14.45±2.9 mmHg for the controls (p<0.001). The central corneal thickness and the cup-disc ratio was similar between the groups (p>.05). The P50-N95 amplitude (p=0.01) and the P50 latency (p<0.001) was statistically significantly different between both the groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed poor agreement for all parameters except for N35-P50 0.8 to 16 degree check size amplitude ratio (PERG ratio).Conclusion:  Increase in P50 latency emerges as a new candidate for early glaucoma indicator in addition to reduction in P50-N95 amplitude. PERG parameters suffer from high test-retest variability. Deterioration in PERG recordings should be interpreted with caution. The variability is lesser for the PERG ratio which maybe more meaningful while monitoring for change over time.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals OUTCOME BASED LEARNING: THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING ACTIVITY ON DEEP CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Prashant Thote ◽  
Gowri S
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Understanding Of Science

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of experiential learning activity in deep conceptual understanding of science in comparison with conventional teaching model. In the present experiment quasi experimental and post-test research design is implemented. Totally 80 students participate in the study: 40 girls and 40 boys. The sample is categorized into two: study and the control group. Each group consists of 40 students: 20 boys and 20 girls. The study group is taught “Gases Law” by using experiential learning activities and the control is taught by using the conventional method. Data is collected by using a questionnaire and it consists of 20 multiple choice questions. The collected data is analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The examination of the data illustrates that there is no noteworthy difference in the mean score between the study group and the control group. Independent ‘t-test’ is applied to compare the student’s achievement in post-test. The mean score of the study group, who are exposed to the experiential learning activities, in Science Achievement post-test is 17.35. It is higher than that of (t=6.65; p&gt;0.01) the learners in the control group. The mean of the control group is 14.45. Therefore, it is concluded that the experiential learning activities as a teaching model enhances the deep conceptual understanding of science.

scholarly journals A randomized controlled trial comparing oxytocin administration before and after placental delivery in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in a tertiary care hospital in Bankura district of West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Rahul Kirtania ◽  
Jayita Pal ◽  
Sisir Biswas ◽  
Aditi Aich
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: PPH is the prime cause of maternal mortality worldwide. The incidence of PPH can be drastically combatted by application of uterotonic in active management of third stage labour. Timing of its administration is a matter of concern. This study aimed to assess whether timing of administration of oxytocin would have any impact on incidence or mean blood loss of PPH.Methods: It was a single blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College for 6 months where 100 antenatal mothers admitted for normal delivery in labour room were allocated randomly in study and control group considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Incidence of PPH and mean blood loss had been identified clinically by following them for 24 hours.Results: Only 9% of study population had experienced PPH. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of PPH with difference in timing of administration of oxytocin (p >0.05). But there was statistically significant decrease in mean blood loss if oxytocin was administered before the placental delivery. The mean blood loss with oxytocin administered before placental delivery was 296.8 ml (102.45) and after placental delivery was 452.0 (128.87) ml respectively.Conclusions: Policy makers should keep in mind not only the incidence of PPH, but the mean blood loss amount too in a setting where anaemia in pregnancy is quite prevalent.

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