scholarly journals Oxidative stress in ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasna K. A. ◽  
Geetha N. ◽  
Jean Maliekkal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory

Background: Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body functions and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. The free radical theory of ageing proposed by Harman D states that ageing is a result of cumulative damage incurred by free radical reactions. Free radicals are highly reactive molecular species with unpaired electrons; generated in the body by several physiological processes. Prime target to free radical attack are the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes causing lipid peroxidation. The free radicals are neutralized by the exogenous and endogenous antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when large number of free radicals are produced or the antioxidant activity is impaired. The present study is focused to find out the role of oxidative stress in ageing.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress in ageing; by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin in various age groups. 150 healthy subjects were selected randomly and categorised into three different age groups of 20-30 years, 40-59 years and 60-90 years; with 50 subjects in each group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Results: a significant elevation in serum MDA level and a decline in SOD were observed in 40-59 years and 60-90 years age groups. However, an elevated ceruloplasmin level was found in the above age groups.Conclusions: Aforementioned observations are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and the progression of ageing process.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Longevity in Okinawa: An Investigation of Blood Lipid Peroxidation and Tocopherol in Okinawan Centenarians

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Suzuki ◽  
D. Craig Willcox ◽  
Matthew W. Rosenbaum ◽  
Bradley J. Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Aging

Background. The Free Radical Theory of Aging mechanistically links oxidative stress to aging. Okinawa has among the world's longest-lived populations but oxidative stress in this population has not been well characterized.Methods. We compared plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) and vitamin E—plasma and intracellular tocopherol levels (total α, β, and γ), in centenarians with younger controls.Results. Both LPO and vitamin E tocopherols were lower in centenarians, with the exception of intracellular β-tocopherol, which was significantly higher in centenarians versus younger controls. There were no significant differences between age groups for tocopherol: cholesterol and tocopherol: LPO ratios. Correlations were found between α-Tocopherol and LPO in septuagenarians but not in centenarians.Conclusions. The low plasma level of LPO in Okinawan centenarians, compared to younger controls, argues for protection against oxidative stress in the centenarian population and is consistent with the predictions of the Free Radical Theory of Aging. However, the present work does not strongly support a role for vitamin E in this phenomenon. The role of intracellular β-tocopherol deserves additional study. More research is needed on the contribution of oxidative stress and antioxidants to human longevity.

scholarly journals Root Cause of Diseases – Ama Concept W.S.R to Free Radical Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Toxic Material

Ayurveda speaks the main cause of diseases is rooted in the impairment of the body's main fire, called Agni, the fire of digestion. Ayurveda views the health of the body as the functioning of a biological fire-governing metabolism. If this essential part is functioning effectively, the whole body will be nourished, full of life and vibrancy. Altered digestive functioning can lead to the production of Ama, a toxic material that initiates and promotes disease processes throughout the body. In the same way, free radicals are also found to be the root cause of many diseases. The majority of free radicals that damage biological systems are oxygen-free radicals, and these are more generally known as “Reactive oxygen Species” (ROS). These are the main byproducts formed in the cells of aerobic organisms, and can initiate autocatalytic reactions so that molecules to which they react are themselves converted into free radicals to propagate the chain of damage. Here we shall discuss about properties of both Ama and Free Radicals. The present article attempts to correlate the concept of Free radical with the concept of Ama. 

scholarly journals Antiradical activity of novel 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
A. A. Safonov ◽  
I. S. Nosulenko
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Initial Molecule

The process of studying free radicals began in the middle of the last century (the free radical theory of aging in 1956). Multiple studies have revealed the effect of free radicals on the cells of the body and the development of various diseases, such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, diseases of the nervous system, and others. As a result, the term antioxidant has emerged, compounds that reduce and prevent the effects of free radicals. Most of the newly synthesized substances are studied for their antiradical properties. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives are no exception, which has already proven themselves as biologically active compounds. The aim of this work was the investigation antiradical activity among 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives. Materials and methods. Previously synthesized 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives were used as test compounds. The research of antiradical activity was based on the interaction between 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro. DPPH is a stable free radical. The color of its alcoholic solutions were intense purple (λmax = 517 nm). When DPPH interacted with compounds that were capable of scavenging free radicals, it produced products. These products are yellow in color and do not absorb light of the aforementioned wavelength. The study was carried out according to the method. Results. The antiradical activity of 10 new 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives was studied. Most of the test compounds show antiradical activity against DPPH. Compound 1 was the most active at a concentration of 1 × 10-3 M and the antiradical effect was close to ascorbic acid. Conclusions. The most active compound is 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which in a concentration of 1 × 10-3 M has an antiradical effect in 88.89 %. When reducing the concentration to 1 × 10-4 M, also reduces the antiradical activity to 53.78 %. Some conclusions are drawn regarding the “structure – effect” dependence between 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives: – the introduction of 4-fluorobenzylidene radical (compound 2) into the 4-amino-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol molecule results in a slight decrease in activity; – the introduction of 2-hydroxybenzylidene radical (compound 3) into initial molecule results a high antiradical effect, which hardly changes with decreasing concentration; – transformation to 2-((5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-((R)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetic acid has almost no effect on antiradical activity, except for compound 9 (the antiradical effect is reduse).

scholarly journals Effects of Caloric Restriction on Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Potential Role of Cardiac Sirtuins

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Shinmura
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Stress Theory

The biology of aging has not been fully clarified, but the free radical theory of aging is one of the strongest aging theories proposed to date. The free radical theory has been expanded to the oxidative stress theory, in which mitochondria play a central role in the development of the aging process because of their critical roles in bioenergetics, oxidant production, and regulation of cell death. A decline in cardiac mitochondrial function associated with the accumulation of oxidative damage might be responsible, at least in part, for the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, lifelong caloric restriction can attenuate functional decline with age, delay the onset of morbidity, and extend lifespan in various species. The effect of caloric restriction appears to be related to a reduction in cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species. There is increasing evidence that sirtuins play an essential role in the reduction of mitochondrial oxidative stress during caloric restriction. We speculate that cardiac sirtuins attenuate the accumulation of oxidative damage associated with age by modifying specific mitochondrial proteins posttranscriptionally. Therefore, the distinct role of each sirtuin in the heart subjected to caloric restriction should be clarified to translate sirtuin biology into clinical practice.

Antioxidants as Functional Foods in Metabolic Syndrome

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-165
Author(s):  
Abishek B. Santhakumar ◽  
Indu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Foods

In the recent years, there has been a great deal of attention in investigating the disease preventive properties of functional foods. Particularly, impact of the antioxidant property of functional foods in reducing the risk or progression of chronic diseases has gained considerable interest amongst researchers and practitioners. Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species are generated in the body by exposure to a number of physiochemical or pathological mechanisms. It is imperative to preserve a balance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants for routine physiological function, a disparity of which would accelerate oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress and associated consequences in metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has warranted the need for exogenous antioxidant concentrates derived from natural foods to alleviate the adverse effects. This chapter provides an overview on the efficacy of functional foods in reducing free radical-mediated damage in metabolic syndrome.

Oxidative stress and antioxidative defense with an emphasis on plants antioxidants

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara D Vichnevetskaia ◽  
D N Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidant

Increased levels of active oxygen species or free radicals can create an oxidative stress. Concentration of free radicals in living cells increases as a result of exposure to environmental stresses that lead to aging, carcinogenesis, and immunodeficiencies in animals, and membrane leakage, senescence, chlorophyll destruction, and decreased photosynthesis in plants. The antioxidative system of higher plants consists of enzymes, low molecular weight compounds (among them peptides, vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, etc.), and integrated detoxification chains. Enzymatic defense in plants include enzymes capable of removing, neutralizing, or scavenging oxy-intermediates. Catalases and superoxide dismutases are the most efficient antioxidant enzymes. Free radicals cause cell damage by a lipid peroxidation mechanism, which results in a blockade of natural antioxidant systems. Application of synthetic antioxidants can assist in coping with oxidative stress. There are very few publications on effects of synthetic antioxidants on plant growth and physiology. One of the examples of such synthetic antioxidant is 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-5-hydroxybenzimidazole (Ambiol), which substantially promoted growth of agricultural and forestry plant species. Ambiol also demonstrated antitranspirant properties, increasing drought tolerance of conifers and agricultural species. The response of plants to Ambiol is under high genetic control. The identification of genes responsible for the reaction of plants to Ambiol may lead to attempts in genetic engineering of organisms with increased tolerance to oxidative stress. It seems impossible to find a universal scavenger trapping all free radicals active in the organism. However, analysis of the structure–activity relationships in antioxidants can contribute to the search for effective antioxidants.Key words: oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, free radicals, natural and synthetic antioxidants, Ambiol.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Russo ◽  
Ana Paula F. Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Harmful Effects

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), also known as free radicals, are generated during cellular respiration. Under normal conditions, the body has the ability to neutralize the effects of free radicals by using its antioxidant defenses. In the case of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, free radical production exceeds the capacity of organic combustion, resulting in oxidative stress. Of all the cellular components compromised by the harmful effects of ROS, the cell membrane is the most severely affected owing to lipid peroxidation, which invariably leads to changes in the membrane structure and permeability. With lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane, some by-products can be detected and measured in tissues, blood, and other bodily fluids. The measurement of biomarkers of oxidative stress is commonly used to quantify lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane in humans, a species in which ROS can be considered as a cause or consequence of oxidative stress-related diseases. In dogs, few studies have demonstrated this correlation. The present review aims to identify current literature knowledge relating to oxidative stress diseases and their detection in dogs.

Antioxidants as Functional Foods in Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 374-387
Author(s):  
Abishek B. Santhakumar ◽  
Indu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Foods

In the recent years, there has been a great deal of attention in investigating the disease preventive properties of functional foods. Particularly, impact of the antioxidant property of functional foods in reducing the risk or progression of chronic diseases has gained considerable interest amongst researchers and practitioners. Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species are generated in the body by exposure to a number of physiochemical or pathological mechanisms. It is imperative to preserve a balance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants for routine physiological function, a disparity of which would accelerate oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress and associated consequences in metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has warranted the need for exogenous antioxidant concentrates derived from natural foods to alleviate the adverse effects. This chapter provides an overview on the efficacy of functional foods in reducing free radical-mediated damage in metabolic syndrome.

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