Clinico-radiological variability of pulmonary tuberculosis in young patients as compared to elder patients prior to RNTCP and after 18 years RNTCP

Background: Tuberculosis, a chronic disease causing high morbidity and mortality with multiple host related and socio-demographic risk factors. Incidence is 3-4 times among in diabetics. HIV is considered to be a most powerful risk factor other being malnutrition, Tubercular contacts, smoking habits and alcoholism. Many ecological and societal threats increase a vulnerability to infection and succession of the disease. Objective was to study and compare various clinico-radiological presentations and clinical risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in the young (<50yrs) and elderly (>50yrs) patients.Methods: Total 300 pulmonary tuberculosis patients each admitted in hospital during 1999 (group ‘A’) and 2016 (group ‘B’) respectively were included in our study. Socio-demographic risk factors and presence of any existing co morbidities and clinical as well radiological presentation data were evaluated.Results: Majority patients in both group ‘A’ and ‘B’ were males (67% and 61.3%), younger (71.3% and 63.3%) patients. Elder patients had more smokers in both groups (48.8% and 33.6%). COPD trends seems to be receding in group ‘B’ as compared to group ‘A’ in younger (6.3% vs. 8.9%) as well elder (13.6% vs. 29.1%) but on the contrary lifestyle disease trends like DM increased in group ‘B’ than group ‘A’ patients more in elder subgroup (30% vs. 9.3%). HIV infected was more in younger 2.1 % (elder 0.9%) group ‘B’ patients. Haemoptysis (17.8% and 18.6% vs. 13.7% and 9.1%) and cough (~87% vs. ~85%) were almost similar but fever (~90% vs. ~65%) was seen significantly higher in the young patients. Radiologically bilateral upper lobe cavitations (15%-30%) was a higher in group A patients as compared to negligible less than ~3% cavitations in group B, on the contrary infiltrations (15%-32%) was more in group B.Conclusions: Young adults are more likely to have fever while haemoptysis cough and advanced lung field involvement is more common in elderly. Elderly patients had a higher number of co-morbidities like COPD and DM. The present study reveals that various demographic, socioeconomic and clinical risk factors have a potential role in causation/augmentation of pulmonary tuberculosis hence life style modification, prevention and timely management of these risk factors could be helpful to reduce the burden of disease.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis: An analysis of isolation practices and clinical risk factors in a tertiary hospital

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis ◽

10.1016/j.ijtb.2018.04.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 437-442

Author(s):

Srivathsan Thiruvengadam ◽

Lauren Giudicatti ◽

Siaavash Maghami ◽

Hussein Farah ◽

Justin Waring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Risk

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Sociodemographic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Risk Factors for Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Severely Malnourished Children Presenting With Pneumonia

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x15594183 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 2333794X1559418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammod Jobayer Chisti ◽

Tahmeed Ahmed ◽

Abu S. M. S. B. Shahid ◽

K. M. Shahunja ◽

Pradip Kumar Bardhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Working Mother ◽

Clinical Risk ◽

Resource Limited ◽

History Of

We aimed to evaluate sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children presenting with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and pneumonia. Children aged 0 to 59 months with SAM and radiologic pneumonia from April 2011 to July 2012 were studied in Bangladesh. Children with confirmed PTB (by culture and/or X-pert MTB/RIF) (cases = 27) and without PTB (controls = 81; randomly selected from 378 children) were compared. The cases more often had the history of contact with active PTB patient ( P < .01) and exposure to cigarette smoke ( P = .04) compared with the controls. In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, the cases were independently associated with working mother ( P = .05) and positive tuberculin skin test (TST; P = .02). Thus, pneumonia in SAM children is a common presentation of PTB and further highlights the importance of the use of simple TST and/or history of contact with active TB patients in diagnosing PTB in such children, especially in resource-limited settings.

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Compliance With a Protocol for Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Sepsis in Women With Clinical Risk Factors

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744902000261 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Toni R. Sanders ◽

Christine L. Roberts ◽

Gwendolyn L. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Chart Audit ◽

Clinical Risk ◽

Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Related Risk ◽

Neonatal Group ◽

Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽

Group B

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinical risk factors (CRF) for neonatal sepsis in laboring women and to evaluate clinician compliance with a CRF-based protocol for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).Methods:A retrospective chart audit was undertaken at a district hospital (A) and a tertiary obstetric hospital (B) in Sydney, Australia between 1996 and 1998, to determine compliance with IAP in women with defined CRF.Results:Eighty-five (12%) women at Hospital A and 117 (19%) at Hospital B had one or more CRF. Overall compliance rates with the IAP protocols were 65 and 50%at Hospitals A and B respectively, but varied according to maternal, obstetric and sepsis-related risk factors. We postulate that differences between the hospitals were related to protocol implementation.Conclusions: Compliance with a CRF-based protocol was lower than previously reported. Improvements in protocol development, implementation and maintenance are required to enhance compliance with IAP based on CRF.

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In-Hospital Mortality Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Acute Respiratory Failure And Related Clinical Risk Factors

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100236

Author(s):

Mia Elhidsi ◽

Menaldi Rasmin ◽

Prasenohadi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Failure ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Acute Respiratory Failure ◽

Clinical Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Risk

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Patient-specific risk profile associated with early-onset primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder: is it really primary?

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00402-021-04125-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabian Plachel ◽

Doruk Akgün ◽

Jan-Philipp Imiolczyk ◽

Marvin Minkus ◽

Philipp Moroder

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Onset ◽

Young Patients ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Activity Level ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Specific Risk ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Introduction Although age is considered to be the major risk factor of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GOA), younger population may suffer from degenerative changes of the shoulder joint without evidence of any leading cause. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk profile in young patients suffering from presumably primary GOA. Methods A consecutive group of 47 patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty for early-onset GOA below the age of 60 years at time of surgery was retrospectively identified and prospectively evaluated. Patients with identifiable cause for GOA (secondary GOA) were excluded. The resulting 32 patients (mean age 52 ± 7 years; 17 male, 15 female) with primary GOA were matched by age (± 3 years) and gender to 32 healthy controls (mean age 53 ± 7 years; 17 male, 15 female). Demographic data and patient-related risk factors were assessed and compared among both groups to identify extrinsic risk factors for primary GOA. Patients were further subdivided into a group with concentric GOA (group A) and a group with eccentric GOA (group B) to perform a subgroup analysis. Results Patients had a significantly higher BMI (p = 0.017), were more likely to be smokers (p < 0.001) and to have systematic diseases such as hypertension (p = 0.007) and polyarthritis (p < 0.001) and a higher Shoulder Activity Level (SAL) (p < 0.001) when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, group B had a significantly higher SAL not only compared to healthy controls but also to group A, including activities such as combat sport (p = 0.048) and weightlifting (p = 0.01). Conclusions Several patient-specific risk factors are associated with primary GOA in the young population, as well as highly shoulder demanding activities in the development of eccentric GOA. Consequently, a subset of young patients with eccentric primary GOA could in reality be secondary due to a muscular imbalance between internal and external rotators caused by improper weight training. Level of evidence III, Case–Control study

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