scholarly journals Peripheral lymphadenopathy and FNA: a two-year evaluation at a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Jiby Soosen Ninan ◽  
De Souza Johanna Alba ◽  
Thoppil Reba Philipose
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Lymphadenopathy is an age old affliction of mankind and a very common presentation in clinical practice. The main purpose of an FNA biopsy of abnormal peripheral lymph nodes is to determine whether further surgical excision of the lymph node is indicated for histopathological examination. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in patients with superficial lymphadenopathy and to correlate with histopathology wherever possible.Methods: A two-year study was undertaken at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory at A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Patients of all age groups referred to the Central Diagnostic Laboratory for FNA of superficial lymph nodes were included in the study. All the slides of the cases were reviewed and impression recorded.Results: Out of 200 cases, 73% were non neoplastic, 27% were neoplastic. Cases occurred most commonly in age group of 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and most common site of lymph node aspiration was cervical lymph node in (n =107) 53.5% cases. Reactive hyperplasia was the most common non- neoplastic cause of lymphadenopathy seen in 34.5% cases and metastasis to lymph node was the most common cause of neoplastic lymphadenopathy seen in 22% of the cases. The sensitivity was 90%, specificity was 100% and accuracy was 96.2%.Conclusions: FNA is a very efficient, simple, safe, inexpensive and economical test for detecting the various causes of lymphadenopathy.

scholarly journals Histopathological Evaluation of Lymph Node Biopsies: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mamun Ali Biswas ◽  
Syeda Tasfia Siddika ◽  
Abdul Mannan Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common manifestation of a large variety of disorders,both benign and malignant. It is essential to define the pattern of disorders presenting primarily as lymph node enlargement in a particular environment. Histopathological examination of the lymph node biopsies is a gold standard test in the distinction between reactive and malignant lymphoid proliferations as well as for detailed subtyping oflymphomas. We designed this study in our population for histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes that might be helpful for clinical management of these lesions. Objective: Histopathological evaluation of lymphadenopathy from excised specimen, in relation to ageand sex of the patients, and distribution of the lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, Enam MedicalCollege & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during the period from January 2006 to December 2010. Lymph node biopsies of all patients of both sexes and all age groups were included.Metastatic lymph nodes associated with evidence of primaries elsewhere in the body were excluded from the study. Total 191 lymph node biopsies were selected for histopathological evaluation. Among these 90 (47.12%) were from males and 101 (52.88%) were from females with male to female ratio being 1:2.1. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.73 ± 18 years. Results: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common (56%) biopsied group. Of the 191 cases 59 cases (30.89%) were reactive lymphadenitis, 64 cases (33.5%) were tuberculosis, 2 cases (1.05%) were non-caseous granuloma, 11 cases (5.76%) were Hodgkin lymphoma, 22 cases (11.52%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 24 cases (12.57%) were metastatic neoplasm and 9 cases (4.7%) were other lesions.Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and the cervical group of lymph nodes was most frequently affected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11915 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1):8 -14

scholarly journals A study on evaluation of the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the etiology of lymphadenopathy in the rural population attending tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
Dr. C. Sitalata ◽  
◽  
Dr. K. Kalyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Lymphoreticular Tissue ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

Introduction: Lymph nodes are a site for organized collections of lymphoreticular tissue and arepink-gray bean-shaped encapsulated organs. Lymph nodes are among the commonly aspiratedorgans for diagnostic purposes. Lymphadenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlyingdiseases may range from a treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms Fine needleaspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable as well as an inexpensive method used to diagnoselymphadenopathy of various sites. Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of FNAC as a diagnostic tool inthe etiological causes of lymphadenopathy and to study the cytomorphological features associatedwith various lymphadenopathies. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study wascarried out in the Department of Pathology at Maharajah's Institute of Medical Sciences,Vizianagaram, a Tertiary Care Centre. A total of 210 patients of all age groups underwent FNAC ofenlarged lymph nodes during this study period. Results: FNAC diagnosis was found to be as follows:tubercular lymphadenitis in 98 cases (46.67%) followed by reactive hyperplasia in 35 cases(16.67%), metastatic carcinoma 29 (13.8%), granulomatous lymphadenitis 27 (12.85%), non-specific lymphadenitis 8 (3.8%), acute suppurative lymphadenitis 7 (3.33%) and lymphoma 4 (1.8).Conclusion: FNAC of lymph nodes is an excellent first-line investigation to determine the nature ofthe lesion. It is quick, safe, minimally invasive, and reliable and is readily accepted by the patient.

Histopathological Study of Lesions of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses and Nasopharynx in a Tertiary Care Centre, Visakhapatnam over a Period of 2 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 3054-3059
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Jagannadham ◽  
Lakshmi Latchupatula ◽  
Sravani Ponnada ◽  
Neelima Lalam ◽  
Raghunadhababu Gudipudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance

BACKGROUND A variety of non - neoplastic and neoplastic conditions involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx and these are very common lesions encountered in clinical practice. Histopathological examination of these lesions is the gold standard for diagnosis because management and prognosis vary among different lesions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological study of the lesions of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in relation to their incidence, age, gender and site wise distribution and to compare the results with the available data. METHODS A study of 88 cases was conducted for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2019. After fixation, Processing and Haematoxylin and Eosin staining and special stains histopathological diagnosis was made. RESULTS Among 88 total cases, 58 were males and 30 were females. A male predominance was observed with a male to female ratio of 1.93 : 1. They were more common in third, fourth and fifth decade of life. Malignant nasal lesions were seen after fourth decade of life. Nasal lesions were more common in nasal cavity (67.05 %), followed by paranasal sinuses (18.18 %) and nasopharynx (14.75). Out of 88 total cases, 39 (44.32 %) were non - neoplastic, 30 (34.09 %) were benign and 19 (21.59 %) were malignant nasal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Sinonasal lesions and nasopharyngeal lesions can have various differential diagnoses. A complete clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation helps to categorize these sinonasal lesions into various non - neoplastic and neoplastic types. But histopathological examination remains the mainstay of definitive diagnosis. KEYWORDS Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, Nasopharynx, Benign Tumours, Malignant Tumours, Histopathological Examination

scholarly journals Distribution of Various Malignant Lesions in Lymph Node Cytology – A 1 Year Population Based Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 1090-1094
Author(s):  
Badrinath Venkatesh ◽  
Khagokpam Ambala Devi ◽  
Soram Gayatri Gatphoh
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Tumour ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
North East ◽  
Malignant Lesions

BACKGROUND Lymph nodes (LN) are an integral component of the immune system. Enlarged lymph nodes are a prime target for fine needle aspiration (FNA). Lymph nodes greater than 1 to 2 cm are an immediate source of concern. Lymphadenopathy is a common presenting symptom in various diseases. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirms the presence of metastatic disease and gives a clue regarding its nature and origin of primary malignancy. In many metastatic malignancies, FNAC may be the only tool for diagnosis and further management of the patients. We intend to assess the cytomorphological patterns of both primary tumour and metastatic tumour in a lymph node. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, RIMS, Imphal, over a period of one year from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Five hundred and fifty-five lymph nodes were aspirated, out of which 99 cases turned out to be malignant lesions. Giemsa and PAP stained FNAC slides were collected and reviewed. Data entry and analysis were done by using SPSS version 21. RESULTS Out of 99 cases, 88.9 % were metastatic tumours and 11.1 % were of primary lymphoproliferative disorders. Thirty three percent of malignant lymphadenopathy were found in fifth decade. Undifferentiated carcinoma constituted around 32.3 % of all the cases of malignant lymphadenopathy. Cervical group of lymph nodes were involved in 46.5 % of cases. CONCLUSIONS FNAC has proved to be a useful tool in diagnosing malignancy with good certainty. FNAC of lymph nodes prevents complications associated with lymph node biopsy. KEYWORDS FNAC, Lymph Node, Undifferentiated Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma

scholarly journals Aural foreign bodies and their management: our experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Padma Harini ◽  
Suneel Kudamala
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male To Female

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aural foreign bodies (FB) are a common presentation at ENT outpatient department mostly seen in paediatric population. Some are easily managed while others should be dealt with caution and extreme care. The objectives of the study were to analyze the types of aural FB, their incidence in different age groups and evaluate management methods.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective descriptive study on patients of all age groups with aural FB presenting to the ENT Outpatient Department in a tertiary care centre for a period of 1 year. The clinical presentation, type of FB, incidence in different age groups and management methods were analyzed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 200 patients aged 2-78 years were evaluated. Age group of under 15 years was most affected (70%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.326. Majority (104 out of 200) presented with a history of FB insertion in the ear while others presented with aural pain and discharge. In 10 cases, ear foreign body was an incidental finding. Most common FB was seeds in children and cotton buds, bird feathers in adults. Most of the cases were managed without anaesthesia with use of headlight. Ear probes were used in 45% cases followed by forceps, suction and syringing in remainder.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most of the aural foreign bodies can be managed in the outpatient department itself without any anaesthesia under direct vision of headlight with the help of simple instruments without any complications.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Epidemiology of fractures in indoor patients at a tertiary care centre in India: a study of 3000 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mohan M. Desai ◽  
Deven R. Kuruwa ◽  
Easwar Elango ◽  
Roshan Wade
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Femur Fractures

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Implementing appropriate fracture control measures and treatment protocols is crucial to maximizing health and development gains. This requires an in depth understanding of age-specific, sex-specific and cause-specific injury patterns at the national and subnational levels. No such study on fracture epidemiology has been undertaken in the Indian population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Study was conducted in a tertiary care centre (KEM hospital, Mumbai) which is one of the highest volume trauma centres in the country. Data of 3000 patients was obtained from the medical records department for the year 2016-2019. Patients were segregated with respect to their genders and into three age groups. Etiology of fracture was noted, and fractures classified according to the anatomical area. Whether the patient received conservative or operative management was also recorded.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>43.83% of the fractures occurred in 18-50 years age group. 41.33% in the above 50 group and only 14.73% in the below 18 age group. Overall male to female ratio was 1.4: 1. Vehicular accident was the most common mode of injury (47.07%) followed by fall from height (21.03%). Proximal femur fractures were the most common accounting for 19.57% of all fractures followed by forearm (10.53%), tibia diaphysis (8.10%). Talus was the least common. 81.07% cases were managed operatively and 18.93% conserved.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights that Indian epidemiology is unique from our Western counterparts. Population affected is much younger, old age males are affected more than females. Lower limb fractures are more prevalent and road traffic accidents are responsible for almost half the fractures.</p>

scholarly journals Spectrum of different pathologies in cytology coming to a tertiary care centre: an experience over one-year duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3330
Author(s):  
Shaoor Nazish ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Bejoy Chandra Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Reactive Lymph Node ◽  
One Year

Background: The aim of the study was to study the pattern of pathologies identified on Fine needle aspiration (FNA) in a tertiary hospital in Dhanbad, Jharkhand during the period July 2020 to July 2021, as well as to identify the profile of patients undergoing the procedure at our hospital.Methods: The data pertaining to the details of the patients who underwent FNA evaluation from the period July 2020 to July 2021 at a tertiary hospital located in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, was analysed to determine the age and sex distribution of the patients and the distribution of pathologies diagnosed on FNA.Results: The female gender was predominant (54%; 64 out of 118 patients) among the patients who underwent FNAC. A majority of the patients were in the age group of 20 to 50 years. Lymph node aspiration (reactive and granulomatous lymphadenitis) was predominant in our series (40%; 47 cases out of 118 FNA evaluations). Lipoma was the third most common diagnosis (12.7%; 15 out of 118 FNA evaluations).Conclusions: FNA evaluation is a quick, easy, relatively non-traumatic, and, in expert hands, a reliable method of diagnosing the pathology. Reactive lymph node hyperplasia granulomatous lymphadenitis and lipoma were three most common cases in our series.

scholarly journals Oral pemphigus vulgaris: clinicopathological study of 35 cases at a tertiary care centre in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Ameesha Mahajan ◽  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Mridu Manjari ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Pooja Bains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
North India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Present Specimen ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Oral Ulcers

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of oral pemphigus vulgaris<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study of 35 cases of oral pemphigus vulgaris, over a period of 2.5 years from June 2014 to December 2016 in the Department of Dermatology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar was designed. Complete history and detailed mucocutaneous examination was done. Punch biopsy was performed from the oral mucosa and skin lesions (if present). Specimen was sent for histopathological examination and results analysed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 35 patients, 17 (48.57%) were males and 18 (51.42%) were females. Male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The majority of the patients (12, 34.29%) were in the 40-49 year age group. Multiple sites were involved in all patients with bilateral buccal mucosa being involved in all the cases, followed by tongue (30, 85.71%). Histopathological examination showed presence of suprabasal split and acantholytic cells in all cases<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span>Oral ulcers are a presenting feature of pemphigus vulgaris which commonly precede the skin lesions. Histopathological examination enables early diagnosis of the disease which leads to prompt treatment and decreased morbidity</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Patients of Peripheral Lymphadenopathy- Experience of A Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. A196-200
Author(s):  
Upender Sharma ◽  
Ajit Singh ◽  
Hemlata T Kamra ◽  
Atul Beniwal ◽  
Sonam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a quick, sensitive, safe, reliable and cost-effective outdoor procedure that has a lower risk of complications as compared to a surgical biopsy. This study was conducted to analyse the various cytomorphological patterns establishing the diagnosis on FNAC in peripheral lymphadenopathy patients along with their clinical presentation.Methods: This study included 300 patients of peripheral lymphadenopathy in a tertiary care hospital of north-central Haryana. FNAC was done under all aseptic conditions and various cytomorphological patterns were analysed.Result: On stratification of lymph node lesions, 240/300 cases (80%) were reported as non-neoplastic and 60/300 cases (20%) as neoplastic lesions. Among the non-neoplastic lesions, granulomatous pathology was the commonest lesion encountered in 137/240 cases (57.1%), followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and suppurative lymphadenitis. Metastatic involvement of lymph node was the commonest pathological finding diagnosed in 52/60 of malignant neoplastic cases (86.66%). Overall, the cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved in 68.66% patients, followed by other lymph nodes.Conclusion: Lymphadenopathy can have varied etiologies ranging from non-neoplastic to neoplastic conditions. FNAC as a first line investigative procedure in lymphadenopathy patients obviates the need for surgical excision and guides subsequent patient therapy and management. The cervical group of lymph nodes are most commonly involved in both non neoplastic as well as neoplastic lymph node lesions. In younger age group (<30 years) non neoplastic causes of lymphadenopathy are more common whereas in elderly the malignant neoplastic causes are more common. The secondary metastatic carcinoma is more common than primary lymphoma of the lymph nodes.  

Cytopathological Spectrum of Lesions in the Axilla - A Population Based Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 2988-2992
Author(s):  
Soram Gayatri Gatphoh ◽  
Badrinath Venkatesh ◽  
Khagokpam Ambala Devi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
North East

BACKGROUND The axilla is a triangular space between the lateral wall of thorax and the upper part of arm. The component of axilla can give rise to different diseases ranging from developmental and reactive to neoplastic. Various mesenchymal tissues present in the axilla can give rise to different lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe, quick, easy, and a cheap diagnostic tool to decipher the benign or the malignant nature of the swelling. Imaging techniques and FNAC, both used individually or coupled, improve the accuracy of diagnosis and help in avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures. The most common lymph node lesion in axilla is benign reactive lymph node hyperplasia. It is caused by inflammation of the lymph nodes or the adjacent organs, such as the breast or lung. METHODS The present study is a retrospective review of swellings aspirated from axillary region. FNAC was performed following strict aseptic precautions. Inadequate aspirates were excluded from the study. The aspirated sample was blown on clean glass slides and smears were made using squash preparation. Smears were fixed using air dried and alcohol fixation method. Smears were stained with Giemsa stain, and the alcohol - fixed smears were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou stains. Cytological smears were evaluated for adequacy, cellularity, type of cells, arrangement of cells and nuclear as well as cytoplasmic features. RESULTS A total of 191 axillary swelling were aspirated during the study period. Out of which 148 (77.5 %) cases were females and 43 (22.5 %) cases were males. Most common lesion was lipoma followed by axillary tail of breast. CONCLUSIONS Various pathological processes may affect the axilla. There is overlap in the imaging findings of these diseases. FNAC is a diagnostic tool which is required for conformation of diagnosis of axillary lesions. KEYWORDS Axillary Swelling, Fine Needle Aspiration, Lipoma

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