scholarly journals Comparative study in treatment of haemangioma with oral propranolol and combination effect of oral propranolol and topical timolol solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Ashok Laddha ◽  
Brijesh Kumar Lahoti ◽  
Pavankumar More ◽  
Shashi Shankar Sharma ◽  
Pooja Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
Oral Propranolol ◽  
Depth Reduction

Background: Haemangioma of infancy usually regresses on its own but recently there has been trend of use of beta blockers like propranolol. Here we assess the improvement in efficacy of combination of propranolol with timolol in decreasing lesion size and colour change. And assess whether the combination decreases the duration of the treatment.Methods: Total of 40 patients were included in our study with surface haemangioma under 12 years. Divided in to two groups of 20 each oral propranolol and timolol and propranolol only, treated for 6 months and were assessed by monthly measurements of lesion dimensions using measuring tape, USG and colour changes noted by clinical photographs on monthly basis. VAS scale was used to grade the improvements. Comparisons were made between the groups with statistical analysis.Results: VAS grade comparisons were insignificant p>0.05. Mean treatment duration was 4.65±2.601 months for Propranolol with timolol group and 5.50±3.171 months for propranolol only group. Statistically significant outcomes between 2 groups were noted in the depth category and total volume reduction of the lesion with p=0.019 and 0.033 respectively, in the subset of 0-12 months only with p=0.038.Conclusions: Clinically there is Volumetric reduction in terms depth reduction and a decrease in duration of treatment. Propranolol 2-3 mg/kg and Timolol solution of 0.5% applied thrice over the lesion was well tolerated without any serious adverse events. The combination therapy fails to demonstrate a statistically approvable shorter period of treatment as well as better efficacy when compared to oral propranolol alone.

scholarly journals Alteration of Tissue Marking Dyes Depends on Used Chromogen during Immunohistochemistry

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Selina Kiefer ◽  
Julia Huber ◽  
Hannah Füllgraf ◽  
Kristin Sörensen ◽  
Agnes Csanadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Residual Tumour ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Close Margin ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses ◽  
Colour Signal

Pathological biopsy protocols require tissue marking dye (TMD) for orientation. In some cases (e.g., close margin), additional immunohistochemical analyses can be necessary. Therefore, the correlation between the applied TMD during macroscopy and the examined TMD during microscopy is crucial for the correct orientation, the residual tumour status and the subsequent therapeutic regime. In this context, our group observed colour changes during routine immunohistochemistry. Tissue specimens were marked with various TMD and processed by two different methods. TMD (blue, red, black, yellow and green) obtained from three different providers (A, B and C, and Whiteout/Tipp-Ex®) were used. Immunohistochemistry was performed manually via stepwise omission of reagents to identify the colour changing mechanism. Blue colour from provider A changed during immunohistochemistry into black, when 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride-dihydrate (DAB) and H2O2 was applied as an immunoperoxidase-based terminal colour signal. No other applied reagents, nor tissue texture or processing showed any influence on the colour. The remaining colours from provider A and the other colours did not show any changes during immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate an interesting and important pitfall in routine immunohistochemistry-based diagnostics that pathologists should be aware of. Furthermore, the chemical rationale behind the observed misleading colour change is discussed.

scholarly journals Indicator Layers Based on Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) and Dicyanovinyl Azobenzene Dyes for Fast and Selective Evaluation of Vaporous Biogenic Amines

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4361
Author(s):  
Tinkara Mastnak ◽  
Aleksandra Lobnik ◽  
Gerhard Mohr ◽  
Matjaž Finšgar
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Limit Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Concentration Range ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

The article presents naked-eye methods for fast, sensitive, and selective detection of isopentylamine and cadaverine vapours based on 4-N,N-dioctylamino-4′-dicyanovinylazobenzene (CR-528) and 4-N,N-dioctylamino-2′-nitro-4′-dicyanovinylazobenzene (CR-555) dyes immobilized in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The reaction of CR-528/EVA and CR-555/EVA indicator layers with isopentylamine vapours caused a vivid colour change from pink/purple to yellow/orange-yellow. Additionally, CR-555/EVA showed colour changes upon exposure to cadaverine. The colour changes were analysed by ultraviolet–visible (UV/VIS) molecular absorption spectroscopy for amine quantification, and the method was partially validated for the detection limit, sensitivity, and linear concentration range. The lowest detection limits were reached with CR-555/EVA indicator layers (0.41 ppm for isopentylamine and 1.80 ppm for cadaverine). The indicator layers based on EVA and dicyanovinyl azobenzene dyes complement the existing library of colorimetric probes for the detection of biogenic amines and show great potential for food quality control.

Efficacy and safety of beta-blockers and prolonged bronchodilators in patients with heart failure with coronary artery disease and moderate to severe COPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Evdokimov ◽  
E Yushchuk ◽  
A Evdokimova ◽  
S Ivanova ◽  
I Sadulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Severe Copd

Abstract Purpose To compare clinical efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens with the inclusion of beta-blockers, RAAS antagonists (ACE inhibitors or ARBs), prolonged bronchodilators (LABA, LAMA) in heart failure patients with CAD and COPD. Methods 385 patients (292 men and 93 women), aged 66.3±4.1 years, with CHF classes II to III (NYHA) combined with moderate to severe COPD (GOLD) and with LVEF less than 45% were randomized into nine groups: enalapril + LAMA (control group), nebivolol + enalapril + LAMA, nebivolol + losartan + LAMA, nebivolol + losartan + LABA, nebivolol + losartan + LAMA/LABA, carvedilol + enalapril + LAMA, carvedilol + losartan + LAMA, carvedilol + losartan + LABA, carvedilol + losartan + LAMA/LABA. Patients of all groups received complex CHF treatment comprising diuretics, nitrates, cardiac glycosides (if necessary). Clinical examination, TTE, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 24-hour electrocardiogram and blood pressure monitoring, respiratory function test were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. The quality of life was evaluated by MYHFQ, SGRQ and mMRC scale. Results After 6 months of therapy the improvement of clinical condition and quality of life were marked in all groups. At the end of observation period there was a significant improvement of patients clinical condition, quality of life, reduction of mean CHF FC and dyspnea severity, increase of exercise tolerance, slowing of progression of CHF and COPD, improvement of the parameters of intracardiac hemodynamics, structural and functional parameters of the left and right heart (a decrease in the size of the atria, LV volumes and internal dimension at end-diastole and end-systole, cardiac index, LVMMI, an increase of LVEF, a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance and the pulmonary hypertension grade, significant improvement in systolic and diastolic function of the ventricles, regression of pathological remodeling of the heart, reduction of heart rate, duration and frequency of myocardial ischemia episodes (including its “silent” form). The best results were obtained in groups using a beta-blocker (nebivolol or carvedilol), a RAAS antagonist, and a combination of long-acting bronchodilators (indacaterol and tiotropium) – group 5 and 9. It is worth noting that beta-blockers, LABA and LAMA were well tolerated in all observation groups and serious adverse events were absent. Conclusions The appointment of 3-generation beta-blockers to patients with CHF on the background of CAD and COPD can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment and does not cause a deterioration in spirometry in patients with such cardiopulmonary pathology. In our opinion, the most important point in the appointment of beta blockers to patients with moderate to severe COPD is low start dose and slow titration of the dose at the beginning of the therapy. It is advisable to include in the complex therapy of such patients a combination of LABA and LAMA as a basic bronchodilator support. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Topical Timolol for Infantile Haemangioma of the Orbit

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076
Author(s):  
Göran Darius Hildebrand ◽  
Zuzana Sipkova
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
First Line ◽  
Benign Tumours ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Oral Propranolol ◽  
First Line Treatment

AbstractInfantile haemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumours of the eyelid and orbits in infancy. Beta-blockers, in the form of oral propranolol, have become first-line treatment in severe cases with functionally significant or disfiguring IH. However, adverse drug reactions of oral propranolol in infants are reported in 1 in 11 and serious or potentially life-threatening systemic side effects in 1 in 38, including dyspnoea, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia, and cyanosis, therefore requiring careful and close monitoring during the course of systemic treatment. More recently, two large meta-analyses have shown topical beta-blockers, such as timolol maleate 0.5%, to be as effective as oral propranolol in superficial IH, but with no or significantly fewer adverse effects, and have advocated that topical beta-blockers replace oral propranolol as the first-line treatment of superficial IH. We have previously reported the therapeutic response of deep periocular IH to primary topical timolol maleate 0.5% monotherapy. Here we also describe the first successful treatments of large orbital IHs with primary topical timolol maleate 0.5% monotherapy in four infants, resulting in immediate cessation of progression and rapid clinical improvement or resolution in all cases. No adverse effects and no recurrence during long-term follow-up of up to 2.5 years after cessation were seen in any of the patients treated with topical timolol maleate 0.5%.

scholarly journals Influence of Natural and Artificial Weathering on the Colour Change of Different Wood and Wood-Based Materials

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Kržišnik ◽  
Boštjan Lesar ◽  
Nejc Thaler ◽  
Miha Humar
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Aesthetic

The importance of the aesthetic performance of wood is increasing and the colour is one of the most important parameters of aesthetics, hence the colour stability of twelve different wood-based materials was evaluated by several in-service and laboratory tests. The wood used for wooden façades and decking belongs to a group of severely exposed surfaces. Discolouration of wood in such applications is a long-known phenomenon, which is a result of different biotic and abiotic causes. The ongoing in-service trial started in October 2013, whilst a laboratory test mimicking seasonal exposure was performed in parallel. Samples were exposed to blue stain fungi (Aureobasidium pullulans and Dothichiza pithyophila) in a laboratory test according to the EN 152 procedure. Afterwards, the same samples were artificially weathered and re-exposed to the same blue stain fungi for the second time. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the synergistic effect of weathering and staining. The broader aim of the study was to determine the correlation factors between artificial and natural weathering and to compare laboratory and field test data of fungal disfigurement of various bio-based materials. During the four years of exposure, the most prominent colour changes were determined on decking. Respective changes on the façade elements were significantly less prominent, being the lest evident on the south and east façade. The results showed that there are positive correlations between natural weathering and the combination of artificial weathering and blue staining. Hence, the artificial weathering of wood-based materials in the laboratory should consist of two steps, blue staining and artificial weathering, in order to simulate colour changes.

Formation of Green Pigment and Colour Changes in Orthoptera

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salâhattin Okay
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Blue Component ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Background Reaction

The colour change and formation of green pigment in Mantis, Acrida, Locusta, Schistocerca and Dixippus are studied.There is no background reaction to green and brown or yellow colour in these species.Usually the young nymphs of Mantis are green; some ofthe old nymphs and adults have a tendency to lose the green pigment. Phytophagous nymphsbecome green only when fed on fresh or growing grass. Green individuals may be obtained in darkness on this food (Locusta). The green pigmentdisappears on a diet of dry grass.The colour change from non-green to green, or vice versa, is dependent on the formation or disappearance of the blue component (bile pigment-protein) of green pigment. The blue pigment generally appears first in the blood and is deposited in the integument at the following moult; it does not appear to be a breakdown product of chlorophyll or haematin. It is probably synthesised from a colourless precursor in the peripheral fat body.Observations made on the pericardial cells of Locusta suggest that the blue pigment may be converted into insectorubin.

Myasthenia Gravis Associated With Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) Receptor Inhibitor Pembrolizumab: A 40-day Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002097075
Author(s):  
Aidan S. Ziobro ◽  
Reid L. LaPlante ◽  
Shayna R. DeMari ◽  
Larissa M. Clark ◽  
David J. Kingsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Palliative Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Serious Adverse Events

Purpose: This case report describes myasthenia gravis-like symptoms after treatment with a programmed cell death 1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, the treatment modalities utilized, and associated patient outcomes. Summary: A 76-year old male treated with pembrolizumab for palliative therapy for metastatic melanoma presented with increasing weakness, neck pain, diplopia in the left eye, abducens palsy, periorbital edema, and decreased appetite. The patient was diagnosed with acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR) negative myasthenia gravis. The patient was started on prednisone 1 mg/kg/day, followed by pyridostigmine 60 mg by mouth 3 times a day, and IVIg for 5 days. Due to minor improvements in myasthenia gravis symptoms, 5 cycles of plasmapheresis were ordered. The patient was successfully treated for aspiration pneumonia after cardiopulmonary arrest. On day 28, the patient was diagnosed with ventilator associated pneumonia and received appropriate therapy. Due to ICU agitation and delirium, VAP, and long duration of treatment, the patient requested withdrawal of care and passed. Conclusion: Programmed cell death inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, can provide great benefit to patients but can also be associated with rare but serious adverse events. With new reports of MG after use, providers should continually weigh the benefits versus harm in using these products and monitor patients closely for such adverse events.

scholarly journals A modified metabolic inhibition test for the titration of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies

1961 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie V. Mussett ◽  
Mileva Dimic ◽  
Nermin Ege ◽  
J. O'H. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Metabolic Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Initial Medium

A modification of the metabolic inhibition test for titrating poliomyelitis antibody is described. The method depends on the substitution of galactose for glucose in the initial medium to eliminate colour change during the period of virus activity. Neutralization is detected by the addition of glucose at the end of the period, when the usual colour changes associated with this type of test occur. A statistical analysis of the results obtained is given.This method can also be used for titrating antibodies to other enteric viruses.Thanks are due to Dr Hélène Mair, Dr D. R. Gamble and Dr A. D. Macrae for strains of enteroviruses, and to Miss Patricia Jerram, for valuable technical assistance in the early days of this work.

scholarly journals Chameleons communicate with complex colour changes during contests: different body regions convey different information

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20130892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Ligon ◽  
Kevin J. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Visual Models ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
Communication Function ◽  
Contest Outcome ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Chamaeleo Calyptratus ◽  
Colour Signals

Many animals display static coloration (e.g. of feathers or fur) that can serve as a reliable sexual or social signal, but the communication function of rapidly changing colours (as in chameleons and cephalopods) is poorly understood. We used recently developed photographic and mathematical modelling tools to examine how rapid colour changes of veiled chameleons Chamaeleo calyptratus predict aggressive behaviour during male–male competitions. Males that achieved brighter stripe coloration were more likely to approach their opponent, and those that attained brighter head coloration were more likely to win fights; speed of head colour change was also an important predictor of contest outcome. This correlative study represents the first quantification of rapid colour change using organism-specific visual models and provides evidence that the rate of colour change, in addition to maximum display coloration, can be an important component of communication. Interestingly, the body and head locations of the relevant colour signals map onto the behavioural displays given during specific contest stages, with lateral displays from a distance followed by directed, head-on approaches prior to combat, suggesting that different colour change signals may evolve to communicate different information (motivation and fighting ability, respectively).

scholarly journals The pigmentary effector system VII—The chromatic function in Elasmobranch fishes

1936 ◽  
Vol 120 (817) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
Effector System ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes ◽  
Phylogenetic Character

It is now firmly established that the coordination of chromatic response in Amphibia is predominantly, if not exclusively, due to the liberation of hormones by reflexes involving visual and skin receptors, and in Reptiles to direct innervation of the pigmentary effector organs (Hogben and Mirvish, 1928; Zoond and Eyre,1934). Among aquatic vertebrates examples of both types of coordination occur. The bulk of available evidence points to the conclusion that the chromatophores of Teleostean fishes are directly innervated and that the comparatively rapid responses which are exhibited by several species are brought about by simple reflex action. That this is not true of cyclostomes has recently been shown by J. Z. Young (1935) whose experiments demonstrate the archaic phylogenetic character of the control exercised by the Amphibian pituitary gland. From an evolutionary standpoint it would not be surprising to find among physiological mechanisms in Teleostean fishes examples of specialization comparable to the strikingly aberrant features which their anatomical organization displays. On the other hand it would be remarkable if the cartilaginous fishes proved an exception to a rule which applies both to Cyclostomes and to Amphibia. Recent work on the colour changes of Elasmobranchs supports the conclusion that the coordination of colour change in Teleostean fishes is highly specialized. Lundstrom and Bard (1932) have shown that total removal of the pituitary gland in Mustelis canis results in a state of pallor which ensues within a few hours after operation, reaching its limit about the twelfth post-operative hour. In their experiments the animals usually succumbed after three or four days with loss of righting reactions. Only a few survived as long as a week. The effect was not produced by removal of the anterior lobe alone, nor by severe traumatization of the hypothalamus. Complete darkening of the pale operated animals followed injections or extracts of ox pituitary and of the pituitary of the fish itself, the quantity present in the fish gland being greatly in excess of the amount requisite to induce full expansion of the dermal melanophores. The present investigation, undertaken to throw further light on the evolution of the chromatic function in Vertebrates, is based on several species of Elasmobranch fishes, namely the skates, Raia Brachiura, R. clavata, R. maculata, R. microcelatus , the speckled dogfish Scyllium canicula , the banded dogfish or nursehound S. catulus (Scylliorhinusstellaris) , and the monkfish Rhina squatina . The writer is indebted to Mr. G. A. Steven for invaluable assistance in identifying the various species used. In all these species the pigmentary effector system of the integument, like that of the American dogfish Mustelis canis , closely resembles that of Amphibia, and consists of three types of chromatophores which are more or less evenly distributed. These are the epidermal melanophores, larger more richly branched dermal melanophores, and xanthophores containing an orange yellow pigment. The same agencies, in the fishes to be described, evoked or maintained pigment diffusion (“expansion”) of all three types, and the concentration of pigment in the centre of the cell (“contraction”) in all three types. That is to say, the xanthophores of a skate or dogfish which was maximally pale were always fully contracted like the melanophores of both kinds, and the xanthophores of a dark animal were fully expanded. This is true of some—but not all—Amphibia. In general appearance the chromatophores of the species studied are more like those of a Urodele than those of a Teleost.

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